篇Blood血液学习教程.pptx

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1、 Section 1 Body Fluid and Blood(体液与血液)Body fluid(体液):Fluid of existing in body人体内的液体 Intracellular fluid 40%Blood plasma(血浆)4%Tissuefluid(组织液)15%Extracellular fluid 20%Lymph(淋巴)1%Cerebrospinal fluid (脑脊液)Body fluid机体内环境第1页/共32页1.Componentsofblood(血液的基本组成)(1)Plasma(血浆)Water水Substancecrystal(晶体物质):ino

2、rganicphosphate(无机盐)5320mmHgSubstancecolloid(胶体物质)Others其它第2页/共32页(2)Bloodcell血细胞Erythrocyte,or red blood cell,RBC(红细胞)modality(形态):Function：Transporting O2 and CO2 Cushioning pH (缓冲PH)Quantity:Male：5 1012/L Female:4.2 1012/L Lifespan and produce(寿命与生成）第4页/共32页 Neural regulation神经调节:Sympathetic nerv

3、e(+)交感神经 (+)Humoral regulation体液调节:Erythropoietin,EPO（促红细胞生成素）Accelerating system ahaemale progenitor of later period to differentiate and propagate.促进晚期红系祖细胞的分化、增殖 Accelerating young RBC to differentiate and propagate.加速幼RBC增殖,分化第5页/共32页CFU-E红系前体细胞redprogenitorRBCBlood oxygen partial pressure血氧分压 肾

4、 主Kidney(main)肝 次Liver(secondary)第6页/共32页 Androgen雄性激素 Stimulating bone marrow,promoting RBC 直接刺激骨髓，促进RBC生成 Promoting kidney to produce EPO 促进肾脏产生EPO第7页/共32页Leukocyte,orwhitebloodcell,WBC(白细胞)basophoil(嗜碱性颗粒细胞)0-1%granularcell eosinophil(嗜酸性颗粒细胞)1-4%Leukocyte颗粒细胞 neutrophil(嗜中性颗粒细胞)50-70%白细胞lymphocy

5、te(淋巴细胞)20-40%nogranularcell 无颗粒细胞 monocyte(单核细胞)1-7%Quantity:4-10 109/L第8页/共32页Plateletorthrombocyte(血小板)Quantity：100-300（109个/L）Function:Keepingvesselwallcompleteness.维护血管壁完整性Takingpartinphysiologicalhemostasis参与生理止血（见后）第14页/共32页Section2Functionofblood血液的机能1.Functionofcarryingandintegrating(运载作用和联

6、系作用)Water,Red blood cells,plasma protein第15页/共32页2.Keepingstabilityofinternalenvironment(维持内环境的稳定)HL +Na HCO3 NaL +H2CO3H2CO3 H2O+CO2Stimulusrespiration OH-+H2CO3 HCO3-+H2O第16页/共32页3.Functionofdefenseandprotection(防御和保护作用)neutrophil 中性粒细胞Phagocytosis 吞噬作用 monocyte 单核细胞 cellular immunity 细胞免疫 TImmuni

7、ty humoral immunity 体液免疫 B第17页/共32页Section3Bloodvolume,BloodTransfusionandBloodGroups血量输血和血型1.Bloodvolume(血量)Bloodvolume血量：Itistotalofbloodinbody，7-8%ofbodyweight第18页/共32页Preservingbloodvolume血量的维持：Lessbloodloss少量失血,20%，Clinicalsymptom(临床症状)Themostbloodloss大失血30%,Bloodtransfusion(输血)第19页/共32页Recover

8、ybloodvolume血量的恢复:Water,saltplasmaproteinbloodcell 水,盐血浆蛋白血细胞第20页/共32页2.Bloodgroup(血型)Agglutination(红细胞凝集):ItistheabunchofirregularcellagglutinateswhichisagglutinatedbyRedbloodcell.(红细胞彼此凝集成一簇簇不规则的细胞团.)Rouleauxformation(红细胞叠连):Theredbloodcellswhichareattachhollowsidetoeachotheroverlappedtoaccelerate

9、bloodsank.(红细胞彼此以凹面相贴,重叠在一起使血沉加速.)第21页/共32页Agglutinogenofredbloodcellsagglutininofbloodserumbloodgroup 红细胞上的凝集原 血清中的凝集素 血型 A B A B A B AB AB AB O 第22页/共32页3.Principleofbloodtransfusion(输血原则)Redbloodcell Redbloodcell BlooddonorBloodrecipient供血者受血者 Bloodserum血清 Bloodserum血清 Cross-matchtest(交叉配血实验)主侧次侧

10、第23页/共32页Section4BloodCoagulationandFibrillarinDissolution血液凝固和纤维蛋白溶解1.Hemostasismechanismofsmallbloodvesselimpairment小血管损伤的生理止血机制Hemostasis生理止血:It is a kind of phenomena that small blood vessel is impaired normally and after several minutes bleeding was stopped naturally.正常时小血管损伤出血，经数分钟后出血自然停止的现象。P

11、rocess：Small blood vessel contraction小血管收缩 Platelet thrombus血小板血栓 hematopexis血凝Fig 6-7第24页/共32页2.Bloodcoagulation(血液凝固)Blood coagulation(血液凝固):It is a process that blood changes fluidity into solid agglomeration.血液由液体状态变为不流动的胶冻状凝块的过程.Serum(血清):It is a kind of fluid which is generated by blood clot r

12、etraction after hematopexis.血凝后，血凝块回缩释出的液体。第25页/共32页(1)Process of blood coagulation凝血过程 astep 1 prothrombin activator凝血酶原激活物 +PF3step 2 astep 3 aActivator of factor X 第26页/共32页Activation pathway of factor X因子的激活途径：Intrinsic pathway(内源性激活途径):It is a process that blood coagulation factor of plasma act

13、ivated factor X.完全由血浆内凝血因子激活因子的过程。Extrinsic pathway(外源性激活途径):It is a process that factor activated factor.由因子触发激活因子的过程。第27页/共32页Intrinsicpathway内源性途径Extrinsicpathway外源性途径BloodvesselisdamagedTissueisdamaged.PlateletCollagenwasrevealed Releasing blood coagulation factor+Ca+Ca2+2+a Prothrombinactivator

14、 Prothrombinactivator (a,Ca2+,phospholipid)ThrombinFibrinogenFibrillarina 粘着 聚集第28页/共32页(2)Accelerationanddelayofprocessesofbloodcoagulation凝血过程的加速与延缓Acceleration:Abnormal surface;异常表面 Heat 加热Delay:Smooth surface;光滑表面 Defibrination 去纤维蛋白Decalcium 去钙Heparin 肝素Antithrombin抗凝血酶第29页/共32页3.Fibronolysis纤维蛋白的溶解Process Blood vessel activator Plasma activator Tissue activator Step1 Plasminogen Plasmin Antiplasmin Step2 fibrillarin FDP纤维蛋白 降解产物Damage/movementaDamage 第30页/共32页1.enter“Chapter7Bloodcirculation”2.backto“introduction”3.over4.backtomenu第31页/共32页感谢您的观看！第32页/共32页