简单句五种基本句型(教育精品).ppt

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1、 英语句子成分英语句子成分及及简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型 英语句子成分英语句子成分英语句子的基本成分有七种：英语句子的基本成分有七种：主语（主语（subject）谓语（谓语（predicate）宾语（宾语（object）表语（表语（predicative）定语（定语（attribute）状语状语 （adverbial）补足语补足语（complement）主语（主语（subject）语主语主是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。位于句首。名词、代词、动名词名词、代词、动名词（doing）、不定式（）、不定式（to do）可作主语。）可作主语。Jane is

2、good at playing the piano.She went to a farm yesterday.Running is good for health.To see is to believe.谓语（谓语（predicate）谓语谓语说明主语的动作或所处的状态。说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语一般在主语之后。谓语由谓语一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动简单动词词或或动词短语动词短语（助动词或情态动词（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。主要动词）构成。I eat breakfast at 7:00.He can speak English well.They dont like noodle

3、s.宾语（宾语（object）宾语宾语表示动作的承受者，表示动作的承受者，一般位于一般位于及及物动词物动词的后面。的后面。名词、代词、动名词名词、代词、动名词（doing）、不定式（）、不定式（to do）可作宾语。）可作宾语。I like my job.I love you.He wants to leave right now.They enjoyed reading in the library.表语（表语（predicative）表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态等，放在系动词后面。我们学过的系等，放在系动词后面。我们学过的系动词有动词有:be,turn,

4、get,keep,feel,sound,look,taste等等。My mother is a teacher.Strawberries turn red in May.That sounds great.The soup tastes good.定语（定语（attribute）定语定语对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用，对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用，汉语中常用汉语中常用“的的”表示表示。可作定语可作定语的有的有:形容词、名词、代词、动名词、形容词、名词、代词、动名词、不定式等。不定式等。He is a lazy boy.Mary is a math teacher.He is my friend.

5、We often swim in the swimming pool.Library is a good place to read books.状语状语 （adverbial）状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。全句的句子成分。表示方式、因果、表示方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、程度、目的等。条件、时间、地点、程度、目的等。可作状语的有副词、介词短语、不定可作状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式等。副词最常用作状语，位置比较式等。副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。She sings well.He is ve

6、ry handsome.I often do my homework on weekends.To get there,you can take NO.7 bus.Luckily,it didnt rain and the sun came out again.补足语补足语（complement）补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的性补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾语补足语和主语补质、状态。分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。足语。I find the book interesting.Please keep the classroom clean.The teacher asked me

7、to answer the question.英语句子五种基本句型英语句子五种基本句型第一种：第一种：S+V 主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词)第二种：第二种：S+V+O 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+宾语宾语第三种：第三种：S+V+P 主语主语+谓语（系动词）谓语（系动词）+表语表语第四种：第四种：S+V+O1+O2 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语第五种：第五种：S+V+O+O-C 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+宾语宾语+宾语补语宾语补语1 1主语主语主语主语 谓语（不及物动词）谓语（不及物动词）谓语（不及物

8、动词）谓语（不及物动词）eg.The girlcame.eg.Itrained.*主语主语可以有修饰语（即可以有修饰语（即定语定语）*谓语谓语可以有修饰语（即可以有修饰语（即状语状语）eg.The lovely girl came early.eg.It rained hard yesterday.2 2主语谓语（及物动词）宾语主语谓语（及物动词）宾语eg.ShelikesEnglish.eg.Whoknowsthe answer?eg.Ienjoylistening to music.eg.Wehopeto see you again.3 3eg.Sheisbeautiful eg.Iama

9、 teacher.eg.The booksareon the desk.eg.Helookshappy.eg.The foodtastesdelicious.主语主语 谓语（谓语（系动词）表语系动词）表语 4 4eg.Sheboughtmea book yesterday.eg.Mr.Greenteachesusmusic.eg.My grandmatoldmea story.eg.Tomshowedhis friendsthe photos.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语一般情况下，间接宾语是人，直接宾语是一般情况下，间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物。间接宾语位于直接宾语物。间接

10、宾语位于直接宾语的的的前面。的前面。有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可位于直接有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可位于直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加toto或或forfor。eg.She bought me a book yesterday.=She bought a book for me yesterday.eg.My grandma told me a story.=My grandma told a story to me.eg.Dave showed his friends the photos.=Dave showed the photos to his fri

11、ends.5 5主语谓语主语谓语主语谓语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语 eg.The sunkeepsuswarm.eg.IheardAlicesinging.eg.Tomhelpedhis momto cook dinner.有些动词，后面接了宾语，也不能表达完整有些动词，后面接了宾语，也不能表达完整的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补足语加以的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补足语加以解释说明解释说明 ，使意思完整。，使意思完整。Exercise 1They know him.The children are asleep.The man told the littl

12、e boy to go home.I dont know.分析句子结构，分析句子结构，分析句子结构，分析句子结构，判断其所属的基本句子类型判断其所属的基本句子类型。主语主语谓语谓语 表语表语主语主语宾语宾语谓语谓语谓语谓语主语主语谓语谓语主语主语宾语宾语宾补宾补（主谓宾）（主谓宾）（主谓表）（主谓表）（主谓）（主谓）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）Exercise 1Ms Wu teaches us Chinese.The soup tastes delicious.I saw the boy playing soccer.He showed me his photos.分析句子结构，分析句子结构

13、，分析句子结构，分析句子结构，判断其所属的基本句子类型判断其所属的基本句子类型。主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语宾语宾语直宾直宾直宾直宾间宾间宾间宾间宾宾补宾补表语表语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语（主谓双宾）（主谓双宾）（主谓表）（主谓表）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓双宾）（主谓双宾）Exercise 2She often dances in the park.I paid him three yuan.The clever boy studies very hard.He wanted you to go with him.圈出句中的谓语，指出划线部分圈出句中的谓语，指出划线部分充

14、当的句子成分，并判断句子类型。充当的句子成分，并判断句子类型。状语状语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补直宾直宾（主谓）（主谓）（主谓双宾）（主谓双宾）（主谓）（主谓）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）She often dances in the park.I paid him three yuan.The clever boy studies very hard.He wanted you to go with him.She often dances in the park.I paid him three yuan.The clever boy studies very hard.He wanted

15、you to go with him.She often dances in the park.I paid him three yuan.The clever boy studies very hard.He wanted you to go with him.She often dances in the park.I paid him three yuan.The clever boy studies very hard.He wanted you to go with him.She often dances in the park.I paid him three yuan.The

16、clever boy studies very hard.He wanted you to go with him.She often dances in the park.I paid him three yuan.The clever boy studies very hard.He wanted you to go with him.Exercise 2He knows a little English.Kate was here yesterday.He arrived last night.I usually clean my house on weekends.圈出句中的谓语，指出划线部分圈出句中的谓语，指出划线部分充当的句子成分，并判断句子类型。充当的句子成分，并判断句子类型。定语定语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语表语表语（主谓宾）（主谓宾）（主谓表）（主谓表）（主谓宾）（主谓宾）（主谓）（主谓）状语状语状语状语