英语中各句子成分划分.pptx

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1、主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)表语(predicative)宾语补足语(宾补objectcomplement)定语(attributive)状语(adverbial)主语补足语(主补subjectcomplement)句子成分句子成分第1页/共21页1.1.主语谓语主语谓语 (SV)(SV)2.2.主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语 (SVO)(SVO)3.3.主语连系动词表语主语连系动词表语 (SVC)(SVC)4.4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 (SVoO)(SVoO)5.5.主语谓语主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾补宾语宾补 (SVOC

2、)(SVOC)简单句的基本句型简单句的基本句型第2页/共21页1.主语谓语(SV)本结构是由“主语+不及物动词(词组)”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如，Shecame.Myheadaches.Thesunrises.该句型的主语可有修饰语-定语，如，Theredsunrises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，Theredsunrisesintheeast.第3页/共21页此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第4页/共21页2.主语谓语宾语(SVO)此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词

3、、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the+形容词、分词以及从句等。如，1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.HesaidGoodmorning.5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第5页/共21页3.主语连系动词表语(SVP)本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。连系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的be,se

4、em,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound等；（2）表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand等；（3）表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow等。Sheishappy.Hefelloffhisbikeandgothurt.Hisadviceproved(tobe)right.第6页/共21页此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。第7页/共21页4.主语谓语间接

5、宾语直接宾语(SVoO)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,等；(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。HesentmeanEnglish-ChineseDictionary.=HesentanEnglish-ChineseDictionarytome.ShegaveJohnabook=Sheboughtabookforme.Hes

6、howedmehowtorunthemachine.第8页/共21页5.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾补(SVOC)此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.第9页/共21页此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容

7、词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。第10页/共21页Arrange these words to make sentences1.was/old/dying/man/theThe old man was dying.2.Taught/new words/the students/the lecturer/many/toThe lecturer taught many new words to the students3.damage/your hair/some hairbrushes/maySome hairbrushes may damage your hair.4.me/a/haircut/

8、the barber/gave/shortThe barber gave me a short haircut.5.The shop/$100/paid/the customerThe customer paid the shop$100第11页/共21页6.interesting and expansive/in the city/can be/both/lifeLife in the city can be both interesting and expansive7.it/make/your hair/too often/dry/may/shampooingShampooing you

9、r hair too often may make it dry.8.myself/unlucky/thought/veryI thought myself very unlucky.9.the tired student/in the afternoon/a nap/tookThe tired student took a nap in the afternoon.10.his car/to Beijing/drove his car to Beijing.The salesman drove his car to Beijing.第12页/共21页主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物

10、。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)句子成分句子成分第13页/共21页谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征英语中只有动词才能作谓语。WestudyEnglish.Heisas

11、leep.第14页/共21页宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemea

12、bookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.第15页/共21页定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。MissYangisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(分词

13、)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)第16页/共21页状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.ThemeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweatherHestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.

14、Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.第17页/共21页宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)W

15、efoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Dontlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Dontkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)Illhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)第18页/共21页主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Tireda

16、ndsad,shetoldherstorytearfully.第19页/共21页表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(分词)TowearafloweristosayImpoor,Icantbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(从句)第20页/共21页感谢您的观看！第21页/共21页