英语句子成分讲解及句子类型10534.pptx

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1、词类词类作作 用用例例 词词1.（n.）名）名 词词表示人或事表示人或事物的名称。物的名称。I bought a book.She is a student.2.(pron.）代词代词代替名词、代替名词、数词等。数词等。This is my friend.He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him.Parts of Speach第1页/共42页3.（adj.）形容词形容词表示人或表示人或事物的特事物的特征或性状。征或性状。He is small but he is clever.The red pen is useful for the

2、 teacher.He painted the wall white yesterday.第2页/共42页4.(num.）数词）数词表示数表示数目或顺目或顺序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5.（v.）动动 词词表示动表示动作或状作或状态。态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.第3页/共42页6.（adv.）副副 词词表示动作表示动作的特征或的特征或性状特征。性状特征。I like English very

3、much.The teacher treats us kindly.The train goes fast.He seldom comes to see us.7.(prep.）介介 词词表示名词、表示名词、代词和其代词和其他词之间他词之间的关系。的关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.第4页/共42页8.（conj.）连词）连词连接词与词连接词与词或句与句的或句与句的作用。作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.Two or three of us can dance well

4、but I cant.9.(interj.）感叹）感叹词词表示强烈的表示强烈的感情感情Oh!How beautiful the scene is!What a good idea!Goodness!10.（art.）冠词）冠词用来限制名用来限制名词的意义词的意义I have a pet dog.The dog is very lovely.He is an old man but very strong.第5页/共42页一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于主语一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.W

5、e work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首第6页/共42页1.We love China.2.She seems tired.3.He can speak English 4.We have finished reading this book.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词

6、实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词（V.）第7页/共42页情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.第8页/共42页1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一词 He is a teacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay He alwa

7、ys kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。系动词系动词第9页/共42页3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThis flower smells very sweet.第10页/共42页5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHe became mad after that.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动

8、作，主要有prove,turn outThe rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。第11页/共42页谓语谓语（V.）实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词第12页/共42页三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语

9、双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词介词第13页/共42页表语表语：跟在：跟在连系动词连系动词后面的词语或从句后面的词语或从句,用用来说明主语的身份来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The flowers are beautiful.My job is to teach you English.The question is how we can get there.四、表语四、表语第14页/共42页定语：用来修饰限定定语：用来修饰限定_.This is

10、 a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词第15页/共42页状语：修饰修饰动动词、词、形形容词、容词、副副词或词或全全句句，说明，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。等。六、六、状语状语

11、第16页/共42页John often came to chat with me As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young,he knows a lot.He came running.(程度程度 目的目的)（地点（地点 伴随）伴随）（地点（地点 时间）时间）（让步）（让步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因)第17页/共42页补语

12、是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、七、补语补语Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）第18页/共42页同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、八、同位语同位语第19页/共42页一、一、主语主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.

13、（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语

14、第20页/共42页当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正的主，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？第21页/共42页 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译你懂得翻译下列句子吗？下列句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()

15、2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。第22页/共42页二、二、宾语宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He di

16、d not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语第23页/共42页二、二、表语表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arriv

17、e.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词第24页/共42页三、三、定语定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：定语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Its a red car.()2.T

18、hey live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词

19、数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词第25页/共42页三、三、定语定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：定语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）12.This is the very book that I need.（）过去分词过去

20、分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句第26页/共42页四、四、四、四、状语状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：状语可以用下面这些东西表示：状语可以用下面这些东西表示：状语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is y

21、oung,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句第27页/共42页四、四、状语状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：状语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If

22、it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句第28页/共42页五、五、五、五、宾语补足语宾语补足语：1.I consider Jim I consider Jim a good frienda good friend.().()2.I always find her I always find her happyhappy.().()3.People praised him People praised him as a heroas a hero.().()4.I had the TV I ha

23、d the TV fixedfixed.().()5.I saw him I saw him enteringentering the building.()the building.()6.What made youWhat made you think think so?()so?()7.Do you want me Do you want me to goto go?()?()形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式第29页/共42页英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)只包含一个主谓结构

24、Theyareplayingbaseballinthegarden.Herbrotherandsisiterarebothteachers.并列句并列句(compound sentence)Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasnt intereted in it.Hurry up,or youll be late.由由and,but,or,so这四个并列连词连接，而这四个并列连词连接，而“，”逗号是不能连接两个简单句的。逗号是不能连接两个简单句

25、的。复合句复合句(complex sentence)If he is all right tomorrow,he will come.I went to bed afer I finished my homework.连词主句从句（状语）主句连词从句（状语）第30页/共42页简单句的五种基本句型第31页/共42页英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：（主谓）基本句型二：（主系表）基本句型三：（主谓宾）基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）第32页/共42页基本句型一主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Th

26、epenwritessmoothly.第33页/共42页基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.第34页/共42页基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.第35页/共42页基本句型二主系表SVPHeishappy.Everything looksnice.His faceturnedred.第36页/共42页基本句型三主谓宾S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyarep

27、layingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmorning.”第37页/共42页基本句型三主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good morning.”第38页/共42页基本句型四SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.第39页/共42页基本句型四SV（及物）OOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.第40页/共42页基本句型五SV（及物）O(宾语)C（宾补）Wemust keepthe dooropen.The newsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldme to wash the plates.Isawa thiefgoing into your room.第41页/共42页感谢您的观看！第42页/共42页