高中语法复习动词的时态和语态.ppt

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1、八、动词的时态和语态八、动词的时态和语态（一）动词的时态（一）动词的时态熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列各句，结合谓语动词的形式体会谓语动词熟读下列各句，结合谓语动词的形式体会谓语动词发生的时间或所处的状态，思考不同时态的用法与发生的时间或所处的状态，思考不同时态的用法与构成。构成。1.I 1.I gogo to school at 700 every morning.to school at 700 every morning.每每 天早上我七点去上学。（经常的动作）天早上我七点去上学。（经常的动作）2.The sun 2.The sun rises rises in the east.in the

2、 east.太阳从东方升起。太阳从东方升起。（客观真理）（客观真理）3.Pride 3.Pride goesgoes before a fall.before a fall.骄者必败。（格言骄者必败。（格言 或警句）或警句）4.We often 4.We often playedplayed together when we together when we were were children.children.我们小时候常在一起玩。（过去）我们小时候常在一起玩。（过去）5.They5.Theyre havingre having a meeting now.a meeting now.他们

3、现在在他们现在在 开会。（现在）开会。（现在）6.I6.Im studyingm studying at an evening school.at an evening school.我在上我在上 夜校。（现阶段）夜校。（现阶段）7.Shes 7.Shes always helpingalways helping people.people.她总是帮助别她总是帮助别 人。（赞扬）人。（赞扬）8.I knew you 8.I knew you would agreewould agree.我知道你会同意的。我知道你会同意的。9.I 9.I have seenhave seen the film

4、already.the film already.我已经看过那我已经看过那 部电影了。（暗示我已知道电影的内容了）部电影了。（暗示我已知道电影的内容了）10.She 10.She has beenhas been a dancer for ten years.a dancer for ten years.她已她已 当了十年的舞蹈演员了。（从过去到现在）当了十年的舞蹈演员了。（从过去到现在）11.When the police arrived,the thieves 11.When the police arrived,the thieves had had run run away.away.

5、警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。12.When Jack arrived he learned Mary 12.When Jack arrived he learned Mary had had been been away for almost an hour.away for almost an hour.当杰克到来当杰克到来 时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时 了。了。13.The Chinese 13.The Chinese have been makinghave been making paper for pap

6、er for two thousand years.two thousand years.中国人造纸有中国人造纸有2 0002 000年的年的 历史了。历史了。14.He will come if you 14.He will come if you inviteinvite him.him.如果你请如果你请 他，他会来的。（条件句中）他，他会来的。（条件句中）15.The plane 15.The plane takes offtakes off at 1130.at 1130.飞机十一点飞机十一点 半起飞。（时刻表中的规定）半起飞。（时刻表中的规定）16.Mike 16.Mike is c

7、omingis coming home on Thursday.home on Thursday.迈克星期迈克星期 四回来。（近期计划）四回来。（近期计划）17.What 17.What areare you you going togoing to do tomorrow?do tomorrow?你打算你打算 明天做什么呢？（打算）明天做什么呢？（打算）18.Look at the clouds;18.Look at the clouds;its going its going to rain.to rain.你看天上的云，快下雨了。（已有迹象表明）你看天上的云，快下雨了。（已有迹象表明）1

8、9.They 19.They are toare to be married in June.be married in June.他们将在他们将在 六月结婚。（正式安排）六月结婚。（正式安排）20.He 20.He is about tois about to leave for Beijing.leave for Beijing.他马上他马上 要去北京。（即将）要去北京。（即将）归纳总结归纳总结1.1.一般现在时一般现在时 一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经 常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示：常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示：(1)(1)表

9、示现状、性质、状态或经常或习惯性的动表示现状、性质、状态或经常或习惯性的动 作，且常与表频率的时间状语连用作，且常与表频率的时间状语连用;(2);(2)表示客表示客 观事实或普遍现象。观事实或普遍现象。2.2.一般将来时的几种用法比较一般将来时的几种用法比较 （1 1）be going tobe going to表示现在打算在最近或将来要表示现在打算在最近或将来要 做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已 经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。（2 2）shall/will doshall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即

10、说话表示未事先考虑过，即说话 时临时想到的。时临时想到的。（3 3）be to do sth.be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生表示按计划、安排即将发生 的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。（4 4）be about to do sth.be about to do sth.表示表示“即刻，就即刻，就 要要”，后面不能接表示将来的时间状语。，后面不能接表示将来的时间状语。（5 5）用于条件、时间等状语从句中，例如由）用于条件、时间等状语从句中，例如由 if,unless,before,as soon as,when,once if,unless,be

11、fore,as soon as,when,once引引 导的状语从句导的状语从句,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。用一般现在时代替一般将来时。（6 6）少数用于表示动作起止的动词。如：）少数用于表示动作起止的动词。如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,begin go,come,leave,start,arrive,begin等有时也等有时也 用一般时态代替将来时态。表示一个按规定、用一般时态代替将来时态。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作（表示车、船、飞机计划或安排要发生的动作（表示车、船、飞机 等按时刻表要发生的动作）。等按时刻表要发生的动作）。（7 7）少数用于表示动

12、作起止的动词，）少数用于表示动作起止的动词，如如:go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take:go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take 等有时也用现在进行时代替将来时。等有时也用现在进行时代替将来时。3.3.现在进行时现在进行时 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，具有表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，具有 暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示：暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示：（1 1）表示说话时刻正在发生或进行着的动作。）表示说话时刻正在发生或进行着的动作。（2 2）表示现在阶段正在进行的动作。）表示现在阶

13、段正在进行的动作。4.4.现在完成时现在完成时 现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在的影响现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在的影响 或对现在造成的结果，以及表示从过去开始的或对现在造成的结果，以及表示从过去开始的 动作或状态一直持续到现在。注意以下几点：动作或状态一直持续到现在。注意以下几点：（1 1）现在完成时除可以和）现在完成时除可以和for,sincefor,since引起的状语引起的状语 连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past)few during/in/over the last(past)few

14、 years(months,weeks),in recent years years(months,weeks),in recent years。(2)(2)现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：It is/has been+It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since+since从句从句 That/This/It is the only.That/This/It is the only.That/This/It is the best/finest/most That/This/It is the best/finest/most interest

15、ing.interesting.5.5.一般过去时一般过去时 是与现在没有联系的时态，只强调过去的事是与现在没有联系的时态，只强调过去的事 实，不强调与现在的关系。实，不强调与现在的关系。6.6.过去完成时过去完成时 （1 1）第一种类型是：过去完成时）第一种类型是：过去完成时+before/by+before/by the time/when.+the time/when.+一般过去时。一般过去时。第二种类型是：第二种类型是：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+when/than/

16、when+when/than/when+一般过去一般过去 时。时。第三种类型是：第三种类型是：I had thought/expected/I had thought/expected/meant/wanted.meant/wanted.表示过去未实现的希望或计划。表示过去未实现的希望或计划。第四种类型是：动作发生顺序是过去的过去。第四种类型是：动作发生顺序是过去的过去。（2 2）表示过去未实现的希望或计划，用）表示过去未实现的希望或计划，用I had I had hoped/expected/supposed/meant/thought/hoped/expected/supposed/mea

17、nt/thought/wanted/to do sth.wanted/to do sth.句型，表示我本希望句型，表示我本希望/想想/可能可能/打算打算/认为认为/想做某事。想做某事。7.7.过去将来时（相对于过去某个时间发生在将来过去将来时（相对于过去某个时间发生在将来 的动作）的动作）过去将来时是相对一般将来时的时态，用法与过去将来时是相对一般将来时的时态，用法与 其相同，但要注意时态变化。其相同，但要注意时态变化。8.8.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成，着重现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成，着重 结果；现在完成进行时

18、表示从过去某时开始一结果；现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一 直持续到现在的动作，也可表示在说话时刻之直持续到现在的动作，也可表示在说话时刻之 前刚刚结束的动作，强调动作的持续性。前刚刚结束的动作，强调动作的持续性。I have written three letters.I have written three letters.我已写完三封信。（已写完）我已写完三封信。（已写完）I have been writing three letters.I have been writing three letters.我一直在写三封信。（可能还在写）我一直在写三封信。（可能还在写）（二）动词的语态

19、（二）动词的语态熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列被动句，体会被动语态的用法；观察谓熟读下列被动句，体会被动语态的用法；观察谓语部分，思考各种时态被动语态的构成。语部分，思考各种时态被动语态的构成。1.The G8 1.The G8 is made up ofis made up of political leaders political leaders from.from.2.The Group of Eight,or G8,2.The Group of Eight,or G8,was formedwas formed by by eight of the worlds wealthiest nat

20、ions eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998.in 1998.3.The news 3.The news is being celebratedis being celebrated by crowds in by crowds in the streets.the streets.4.At 1245 UK time today,the name of the 4.At 1245 UK time today,the name of the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games host city fo

21、r the 2012 Olympic Games was was being announced being announced by IOC in Singapore.by IOC in Singapore.5.Reforms 5.Reforms have been demandedhave been demanded by people from by people from all over the world.all over the world.6.Londons name 6.Londons name had been announcedhad been announced twi

22、ce twice before.before.7.It 7.It is going to be rememberedis going to be remembered as a as a historical meeting this year,as the topic historical meeting this year,as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.of Africa will be discussed in detail.8.They want the leaders to cancel the debt 8.T

23、hey want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africas poorest countries so that of Africas poorest countries so that the problems there the problems there can be preventedcan be prevented from from getting any worse.getting any worse.归纳总结归纳总结在被动语态中，各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式在被动语态中，各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式见下表：见下表：一般一般进行进行完成完

24、成现在现在am/is/are doneam/is/are doneam/is/aream/is/arebeing donebeing donehave/hashave/hasbeen donebeen done过去过去was/were donewas/were donewas/werewas/werebeing donebeing donehad been donehad been done将来将来shall/will be shall/will be donedone/shall/will shall/will havehavebeen donebeen done1.1.带有情态动词的被动语

25、态的构成：情态动词带有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词 +be+be+过去分词。过去分词。2.2.动词动词write,wash,sell,read,open,lock,shut,write,wash,sell,read,open,lock,shut,wear wear等与副词等与副词well,easily,smoothlywell,easily,smoothly等连用等连用 时，说明主语内在的时，说明主语内在的“性能、特点性能、特点”，用主动，用主动 代替被动。代替被动。3.be worth doing3.be worth doing中，中，doingdoing表达被动意义；表达被动意义；r

26、equire(require(或或need,want,deserve)doingneed,want,deserve)doing，相当，相当 于于require require（或（或need,want,deserveneed,want,deserve）to be to be done done；be to blamebe to blame意为：该受责备；意为：该受责备；“主语主语 +be+be+形容词形容词+(for sb.)+to do”+(for sb.)+to do”结构中，结构中，to doto do 和主语为动宾关系，表达被动意义。和主语为动宾关系，表达被动意义。试题精选试题精选1.

27、1.Mr.Smith Mr.Smith this week this week？No.He is on holiday.No.He is on holiday.A.Has;worked A.Has;workedB.Does;workB.Does;work C.Did;work C.Did;workD.Is;workingD.Is;working 解析解析 根据答句根据答句He is on holiday.He is on holiday.说明动作处说明动作处 于正在进行状态于正在进行状态,而不是完成性的、过去发生的而不是完成性的、过去发生的 或经常性的动作或经常性的动作,故排除选项故排除选项A

28、 A、B B、C,C,应用现在应用现在 进行时。进行时。D2.Got your driving license2.Got your driving license？No.I No.I too busy to have enough too busy to have enough practice,so I didnt take the driving practice,so I didnt take the driving test last week.test last week.A.was A.wasB.amB.am C.have been C.have beenD.had beenD.h

29、ad been 解析解析 问句中问句中Got your driving licenseGot your driving license？为？为 Have you got your driving license Have you got your driving license？的省略？的省略 表达表达,该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的 是答句中的是答句中的so I didnt take the driving so I didnt take the driving test last week test last week分析句意可知分析句意可知,选项

30、动作发生在选项动作发生在 后一动作之前后一动作之前,表示过去的过去表示过去的过去,故应用过去完故应用过去完 成时。成时。D3.Youd better not call the manager 3.Youd better not call the manager between 700 and 800 this evening,for between 700 and 800 this evening,for he he an important meeting then.an important meeting then.A.will have A.will haveB.would haveB.

31、would have C.will be having C.will be havingD.will have hadD.will have had 解析解析 根据题干中的时间状语根据题干中的时间状语between 700 between 700 and 800 this evening and 800 this evening可知可知,选项动作是在将选项动作是在将 来某个时刻正在进行的来某个时刻正在进行的,故应用将来进行时故应用将来进行时,口口 语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的 或发生的动作。或发生的动作。C4.How can you borr

32、ow my computer without 4.How can you borrow my computer without my permission my permission？Oh,I Oh,I to tell you.I hope you to tell you.I hope you dont mind.dont mind.A.forget A.forgetB.forgotB.forgot C.had forgotten C.had forgottenD.am forgettingD.am forgetting 解析解析 该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语,

33、但从但从 语境及句子的含义判断语境及句子的含义判断,选项表示在过去某个时选项表示在过去某个时 间发生的动作间发生的动作,所以所以,首先排除选项首先排除选项A A、D D。由于。由于 题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点,故再排除选故再排除选 项项C C。B5.Will you please repeat your idea5.Will you please repeat your idea？Certainly.But I think it certain that Certainly.But I think it certain that you you your at

34、tention.your attention.A.dont pay A.dont payB.didnt payB.didnt pay C.werent paying C.werent payingD.arent payingD.arent paying 解析解析 从问话人请求对方重复已讲过的内容从问话人请求对方重复已讲过的内容,答答 话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲 内容可知内容可知,该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在 进行的动作进行的动作,表示说话的当时。故应选用过去进表示说话的当时。故应选用过去进 行时。行时。C

35、6.Im sorry,but the boss isnt here 6.Im sorry,but the boss isnt here yet.Shall I have her call you when she yet.Shall I have her call you when she comes back comes back？No,Ill call her back.If I call again No,Ill call her back.If I call again in half an hour,do you think she in half an hour,do you th

36、ink she？A.arrives A.arrivesB.has arrivedB.has arrived C.will arrive C.will arriveD.will have arrivedD.will have arrived 解析解析 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生 的动作的动作,而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前 已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句 意可知意可知,该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。D7.Are we about to

37、 have dinner7.Are we about to have dinner？Yes,it Yes,it in the dinning room.in the dinning room.A.is serving A.is servingB.is being servedB.is being served C.has been serving C.has been servingD.servesD.serves 解析解析 动词动词serveserve在此句中意思为在此句中意思为“端上、摆出端上、摆出 (饭菜饭菜)”,)”,为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使 用

38、被动语态用被动语态,只有选项只有选项B B为进行时的被动结构为进行时的被动结构,其其 它选项均为主动形式。它选项均为主动形式。B8.Joan was badly injured in the accident 8.Joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.yesterday and she was sent to hospital.Oh,really Oh,really？I I .I.I visit her.visit her.A.didnt know;will go to A.d

39、idnt know;will go to B.dont know;will go to B.dont know;will go to C.didnt know;am going to C.didnt know;am going to D.havent known;am going to D.havent known;am going to 解析解析 分析语境及讲话人意图可知分析语境及讲话人意图可知,第一空强调第一空强调 过去的动作过去的动作,并不表示现在发生的事并不表示现在发生的事,故应用一故应用一 般过去时般过去时;第二空应选第二空应选will,will,表示即时或临时决表示即时或临时决 定

40、将要做的事定将要做的事,而而be going tobe going to表示按计划、安表示按计划、安 排要做的事。排要做的事。A9.Dont you feel surprised to see Linda 9.Dont you feel surprised to see Linda at the meeting at the meeting？Yes.I really didnt think she Yes.I really didnt think she here.here.A.has been A.has beenB.had beenB.had been C.would be C.would

41、 beD.would have beenD.would have been 解析解析 根据上下文语境可知根据上下文语境可知,选项动作已在过去选项动作已在过去 发生或完成。但根据发生或完成。但根据I really didnt thinkI really didnt think 可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将 来要发生的事来要发生的事,故应选过去将来时。故应选过去将来时。C10.Why is the librarian looking so hard 10.Why is the librarian looking so hard at me at

42、me？You You to read aloud in the reading to read aloud in the reading room.room.A.dont suppose A.dont suppose B.havent supposed B.havent supposed C.are not supposed C.are not supposed D.were not supposed D.were not supposed 解析解析 根据句子意思根据句子意思,应选用应选用be supposed tobe supposed to “应该做应该做,被要求做被要求做”,”,故排除选

43、项故排除选项A A、B;B;分析上文情景分析上文情景,句中动词用现在时句中动词用现在时,强调现在强调现在 的状态的状态,所以所以,再排除选项再排除选项D D。C11.The wet weather will continue tomorrow,11.The wet weather will continue tomorrow,when a cold front when a cold front to arrive.to arrive.A.is expected A.is expectedB.is expectingB.is expecting C.expects C.expectsD.wil

44、l be expectedD.will be expected 解析解析 “冷锋被预计要到来冷锋被预计要到来”是指现在是指现在“预料预料”而不是明天而不是明天,故用一般现在时的被动语态。故用一般现在时的被动语态。A12.The hotel wasnt particularly good,but 12.The hotel wasnt particularly good,but I I in many worse hotels.in many worse hotels.A.was staying A.was stayingB.stayedB.stayed C.would stay C.would

45、stayD.had stayedD.had stayed 解析解析 由句中的由句中的worseworse可知该句是表达比较的含可知该句是表达比较的含 义义,故本题句意应为故本题句意应为:这家旅馆并不特别好这家旅馆并不特别好,但是但是 我住过比它更差的旅馆。由于我住过比它更差的旅馆。由于“The hotel“The hotel wasnt particularly good”wasnt particularly good”中的时态是一般中的时态是一般 过去时态过去时态,所以所以staystay这一动作应发生在描述情况这一动作应发生在描述情况 之前之前,故须用过去完成时态。故须用过去完成时态。D1

46、3.He 13.He football regularly for many football regularly for many years when he was young.years when he was young.A.was playing A.was playingB.playedB.played C.has played C.has playedD.had playedD.had played 解析解析 由句中由句中regularlyregularly可知是过去某个时间内可知是过去某个时间内 经常性、习惯性的动作经常性、习惯性的动作,故用一般过去时。故用一般过去时。B14.

47、Do you think we should accept that 14.Do you think we should accept that offer offer？Yes,we should,for we Yes,we should,for we such bad luck such bad luck up till now,and time up till now,and time out.out.A.have had;is running A.have had;is running B.had;is running B.had;is running C.have;has been r

48、un C.have;has been run D.have had;has been run D.have had;has been run解析解析 句意为句意为:你认为我们应该接受那个提议你认为我们应该接受那个提议(帮助帮助)吗？吗？是的是的,我们应该接受我们应该接受,因为迄今为因为迄今为止我们一直运气不好止我们一直运气不好,而且时间就要用光了。因为而且时间就要用光了。因为有时间状语有时间状语up till now,up till now,所以第一个空应该用现所以第一个空应该用现在完成时态在完成时态;根据句意根据句意,时间应是时间应是“就要用光就要用光,快用快用光了光了”,”,所以第二个空用

49、现在进行时态所以第二个空用现在进行时态,表示时间表示时间一点一滴地在流逝。一点一滴地在流逝。答案答案 A15.I dont believe youve already 15.I dont believe youve already finished reading the bookI finished reading the bookI it to it to you this morning!you this morning!A.would lend A.would lendB.was lendingB.was lending C.had lent C.had lentD.lentD.len

50、t 解析解析 根据句意根据句意“我认为你还没有读完这本我认为你还没有读完这本 书书我今天早晨刚把它借给你我今天早晨刚把它借给你!”!”可知可知,是对是对 过去事情的一个描述。过去事情的一个描述。D16.Have you got any job offers16.Have you got any job offers？No.I No.I .A.waited A.waitedB.had been waitingB.had been waiting C.have waited C.have waitedD.am waitingD.am waiting 解析解析 句意为句意为:“:“有人给你提供工作了