英语常用介词用法与辨析.pptx

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1、介词的分类与语法功能介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句）构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词:at、in 、on 、for、to 合成介词:within、inside、into、throughout.短语介词:according to、ahead of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of 分词介词：considering,including,judging from/by 第1页/共38页1.It is going to rain this afternoon acco

2、rding to the weather forecast.2.He quarreled with her yesterday.3.He succeeded in passing the final examination.4.Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time.5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.第2页/共38页介词短语的用法“介词+名词/代词”形成介词短语，可以作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。作定语：介词短语作

3、定语时，一律后置。作状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或者整个句子。Classes begin at eight.作表语：We are against/for you.作宾语补足语：We made Jack out of danger.The mobile phone on the desk is mine.第3页/共38页at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方他昨他天到达上海。He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。They arrived at a small village before dark.表示地点的介词：in，at 第4页/共38页第

4、5页/共38页over,on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。Above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个的上面。There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds.They put some flowers on the teachers desk.Over Above On第6页/共38页第7页/共38页第8页/共38页 1.The sun rose()the horizon.A abov

5、e B over C under D below2.There are a lot of fishes()the surface of the water.A above B over C under D below3.There is a stone arch bridge()the river.A above B over C under D below第9页/共38页across和through都表示穿过，通过，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。狗跑过草地。The dog ran across

6、 the grass.他们穿过森林。They walked through the forest.Across Through第10页/共38页第11页/共38页1.The sunshine come into the room _ the window.A.across B.through C.past 2.You can go _ the road here.A.across B.through C.past 3.Can you swim _ the river.A.across B.through C.past第12页/共38页in on to 第13页/共38页表示方位的介词：in,t

7、o,on1.in 表示在某地范围之内。Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。2.to 表示在某地范围之外。Japan is to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。3.on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。Mongolia is on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。第14页/共38页in the corner,on the corner,at the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，on the corner表示在角上，at the corner表示在拐角处The lamp stands

8、 in the corner of the room.I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.第15页/共38页表示时间的介词:at,in,on时间点用atat six oclock,at noon,at midnight，at the moment,at present表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨,上午，下午，晚上时，用inin the nineteenth century,in 2002,in May,in winter,in the morning 表示具体的某一天和某一天

9、的上午，下午，晚上时，用onon Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday morning第16页/共38页1.Mary is flying to France soon.She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9.A.on B.in C.at2.The twins were born _ a Friday evening.A.in B.on C.at3.We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _5 oclock _ the morning.A.on,in B.at,in C.a

10、t,in4.We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon.A.in,in B.at,at C.in,at第17页/共38页表示时间的since和fromsince表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。我希望从今天起晨练。I hope to do morning exercises from today.1995年以后我们再也没见过面。We have not seen each other since 1995.第18页/共

11、38页3.for+时段 since+时段+ago since+时间点 since+一般过去时句子常用于现在完成时1.He came here _ 1992,and he has lived here _ 1992.A.in,for B.in,since C.since,since2.I have known Li Lei _ over five years.A.in B.since C.for3.It has been three years since he _ here.A.come B.came C.comes4.The old man has been away _ two years

12、 ago.A.in B.since C.for第19页/共38页 in+时间段 在之后（内），多用于将来时 after+时间段 在之后，多用于过去时 1.Mr.Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back _ two weeks.A.for B.after C.in 2.Our manager came back _ an hour.A.in B.after C.at 3.They have been here _ an hour.A.for B.after C.in第20页/共38页besides,except,but,except forbesides指

13、“除了还有，再加上”。All went out besides me.He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football.except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。All went out except me.but 与except意思近似，表示“除了”,经常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他不定代词后面。I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用butbutHe

14、 has nothing to do but wait.He has nothing to do but wait.except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.第21页/共38页固定短语固定短语 have no choice but to do sth（只得做某事）can not but do sth cannot help but do sth(不得不）but for/but that（要不是）他为了能准时完成论文，不得不熬到很晚。He has no choice but to

15、 stay up late in order to finish his paper.我不得不早起去上班。I could not but get up early to work.要不是我感冒了，我就能和你一起去爬山了。But that I caught a cold,I would have climbed the mountain together with you.第22页/共38页between,among一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。You sit between your father and me.He is always friend

16、ly among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。Agreements were made between the different countries.在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。The little valley lies between high mountains.在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。They dont know the difference between wheat,oats and barley.第23页/共38页表示材料的介词

17、：of,from,inof成品仍可看出原料 盒子是纸做的。This box is made of paper.from成品已看不出原料酒是葡萄做的。Wine is made from grapes.in表示用材料，工具或语言 请用铅笔先填这份表格。Please fill in the form in pencil first.They talk in English.注意：in指用材料，不用冠词；而with指用工具，要用冠词。draw in pencil/draw with a pencil第24页/共38页表示表示“用用”的的inin和和withwith：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示

18、材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等，用in。He is writing a letter a pen.He wrote the letter pencil.We measured it pounds.Read the text a loud voice.Tell me the story English.within in inin第25页/共38页表示工具或手段的介词：by,with,on 1.by：用某种方式，多用于交通。by bus by e-mail 注意：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词。I go there by bus/in a bus.2.with

19、表示“用某种工具”。他用石头打碎了玻璃。He broke the window with a stone.注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。3.on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。他们用电话交谈。They talked on the telephone.他用广播学习英语。She learns English on the broadcast.第26页/共38页as,likeAs:作为、以地位或身份。Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；Like:像一样,其实不是。Let me speak to you like a father.（

20、事实上不是父亲）。第27页/共38页1.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard _a piece of chalk.A.with,with B.in,with C.with,in2.Can you say it _ English?A.in B.with C.by3.You can get some information _ the computer.A.in B.on C.by4.If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow,please tell me _

21、phone.A.through B.by C.on第28页/共38页表示关于的介词：of,about,onof是指提到或谈到过某人或某事。He spoke of the film yesterday.about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。你能不能告诉我一些你的事情。Can you tell me something about yourself?on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。这是一本关于中国历史的教科书。Its a textbook on the history of china.第29页/共38页表原因或理由的介词：for,at,from,of,with,because of,

22、owing to for表示原因，常：I am sorry for what I said to you.at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而”。：He was surprised at the news.from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。He died from the wound.of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。The old man died of hunger.第30页/共38页with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。听到这则消息，他高兴得跳了起来。Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.他气得一直在发抖。He was shakin

23、g with anger.because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。因为生病，上个月他退休了。He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。因为下雨，我们的运动会推迟了。Owing to the rain our sports meeting was put off/delayed/postponed.could not come.第31页/共38页thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”。多亏了Tom，我们才赢得了这场比赛。Thanks to J

24、ohn,we won the game.out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于”。他出于好奇而问了这个问题。He asked the question out of curiosity.through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。The war was lost through bad organization.第32页/共38页表示支持或反对的介词：against,foragainst反对，for支持，互为反义词。你是支持还是反对我的观点。Are you for my idea or against it?第33页/共38页in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外

25、；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。在这幢建筑物前面有几棵很高的树。There are some tall trees in front of the building老师坐在教室的前面。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.In front of,in the front of第34页/共38页in charge of和in the charge of两者都表示“负责、照顾、管理”。in charge of后接被照管的人或物，照管.in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。由.照管这项

26、工程是谁负责的？Who is in charge of the project?这项工程由一名工程师负责。The project is in the charge of an engineer.。第35页/共38页in the end,at the end of,by the end ofin the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。最后他们到达了一个安全的地方。In the end they reached a place of safety.在道路的尽头有一座漂亮的花园。At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.上个月底他读完了这部小说。By the end of last month he had finished the novel.第36页/共38页第37页/共38页感谢您的观看！第38页/共38页