英语新闻标题语言.pptx

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1、Part I:Grammatical FeaturesPart II:Wording FeaturesPart III:Rhetorical Features第1页/共39页Part I:Grammatical Features of Headlines1.Omission2.Tense3.Voice4.Punctuation第2页/共39页1.OmissionOmission of function words,such as articles,possessive pronouns,be verbs,auxiliary verbs,etc.省略冠词、物主代词、系动词、助动词,等等第3页/共

2、39页1)articles37 Killed in Italian Plane Crash=37 Killed in an Italian Plane Crash第4页/共39页2)、conjunction(replaced by“,”)Laurel,Aquino Cut TiesLaurel and Aquino Cut Ties(劳雷尔和阿基诺夫人分道扬镳）Gunfire,Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel=Gunfire and Explosions Rock(a)Mumbai Hotel第5页/共39页3)possessive pronounMother,Daug

3、hter Share Fulbright Year=(A)Mother(and)Her Daughter Share(a)Fulbright Year母女同享富布莱特访学年第6页/共39页4)、”be”verbsThree Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.=Three Are Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.Political Efforts Vital to Reform-Party Leader=Political Efforts Are Vital to Reform-Party Leader第7页/共39页5)、AUXILIARY V

4、ERBS：(USED IN PASSIVE VOISE OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE)Financier Killed By Burglars=(A)Financier Is Killed By BurglarsMoscows Food Prices Soaring=Moscows Food Prices Are Soaring第8页/共39页保留冠词、连词和系动词等虚词：顾全某些习语或词组的完整性e.g:1)Combat on the Web 网络之战2）TB on the Rise Again in London 伦敦地区结核病卷土重来第9页/共39页2。时态(

5、tense)新闻标题中一般不用过去时态，而采用现在时态，使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中，这叫做“新闻现在时”(Journalistic Present Tense)，与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(Historical Present Tense)实际上完全一样。第10页/共39页英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种：一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。现分述如下：第11页/共39页1 1）、一般现在时通常被用来表示过去发生的事(simple present tense-past tense)新闻用了过去时态，容易给人一种陈旧感，被认为新闻不“新”。e.g:Heavy Rain Lash

6、ed Cityvs Heavy Rain Lashes City一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的新鲜感新鲜感(Freshness(Freshness)现实感现实感(Reality(Reality)直接直接感感(Immediacy)Immediacy)此外，标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“ed”两个字母，节省标题字数。第12页/共39页Russian Leader Meets Fidel Castro In Cuba(Russian Leader Meets(Met)Fidel Castro InGunfire,Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel(Gu

7、nfire and Explosions Rocked a Mumbai Hotel)注意：当标题中出现时间状语时，动词用过去时。例如：Unemployment in U.K.Increased in October 十月份英国失业率上升第13页/共39页2）、现在分词直接表示正在进行的动作或事件Present participle-present progressive tense对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题采用“Be现在分词”这一形式，但其中“Be”又通常省略。因此，剩下的ing分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如：第14页/共39页BBC Consid

8、ering Starting Global Television Service(BBC is Considering Starting(the)Global Television Service）Deposits,Loans Rising In Shanghai.(Deposits And Loans Are Rising In Shanghai)第15页/共39页3）、动词的将来时更多地直接采用动词不定式来表达infinitive-simple future tense标题中动词的将来时：1）will+动词原形Next Century will Challenge Law of Land2

9、）更多采用“be动词不定式”，其中be通常省略，以节省标题字数。即动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作。例如：第16页/共39页Romania to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a Barrel=Romania is to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a BarrelLargest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nov.=Largest Chinese Trade Delegation is to Visit US in Nov.第17页/共39页Practice:1.Global Poll:Fashion Mode

10、ls“Too Thin”2.What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low4.Great Wall at Top of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”5.Both Ends of Films to Be Shortened6.Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk7.US,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War 第18页/共39页Ke

11、ys:1.A Global Poll Shows Fashion Models are“Too Thin”(全球调查：时装模特“太瘦”）2.What Does the Declining Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?(考研热为何降温？）3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New Low(布什支持率跌至历史新低）4.The Great Wall is at the Top of the“Worlds New Seven Wonders”(长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首）5.Both Ends o

12、f Films are to Be Shortened(片头片尾将“减肥”）6.Lots of Fruit in ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer Risk(孩提时水果摄入多 成年后癌症风险低）7.The US and Russia are Warned of a Repeat of the Cold War(俄美受到警告，谨防冷战重现）第19页/共39页5。语态（voice)英语新闻标题中的动词表示被动语态时，被动语态结构“be过去分词”形式中的助动词“be”，通常被省略，也经常不用“by”来引出动作的执行者，剩下的过去分词在标题里就可直接表示被动意义，

13、读者切忌将之误解为该动词的过去式。如：第20页/共39页Europe Tested by Financial Crisis(Europe is Tested by Financial Crisis)33 Killed in Northeast India Fighting(33 are Killed in Northeast India Fighting)第21页/共39页6。标点符号(punctuation)英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练，并不使用所有的标点符号。即便使用某个标点符号，其主要目的不外乎两种:1.区分表示各句子成分意群之间的关系；2.进一步节省标题字数。第22页/共39页(1)、

14、逗号(comma)常被用来代替连词“and”例如：Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms (The Guangzhou Fair Closes And The Trade Booms)广交会闭幕交易兴旺第23页/共39页(2)、冒号(colon)除了用在引语之前表示“说”外，还经常被用来代替联系动词“Be”。例如：Health Survey:New Yorker Fitter,Slimmer(Health Survey says(that)New Yorker is Fitter and Slimmer 健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗条)Shanghai:Resple

15、ndent Pearl Of New China.(Shanghai Is A Resplendent Pearl Of New China)上海：新中国的璀璨明珠第24页/共39页(3)、破折号(dash)表示强调；或常被放置在不用引号的引言前后，以引出说话者。例如：Yeltsin in Hospital-Again 叶利钦再次住院Economy Grows Slowly As Unemployment,Inflation Rise-Economists(Economists Say That The Economy Grows Slowly As The Unemployment And

16、Inflation Rise)经济学家认为：失业率及通货膨胀加剧使得经济增长缓慢第25页/共39页(4)、用分号(semicolon)表示两层意思（书）The Gay-Marriage Flap;The Government is out of Step(also Rhyme)(5)、用单引号代替双引号(single/double quotation marks)e.g.:Irans nuclear threat hyped,says UN watchdog第26页/共39页3。简短小词(short words)不但可节省、美化版面，还可增强新闻的简洁性和可读性这些小词均为带有新闻体特色的词汇

17、，并且词义范畴很宽，新闻英语称这类词为“万能同义词”。第27页/共39页aidassistalterchange or modifyaskinquirebanprohibit or forbidblastexplodebegincommenceboostincreasecheckexamineclaimcause the death of.clashdisagree stronglycurbcontrol or restrictdipdecline or decreaseeaselessenendterminateflaycriticizefloutinsultfoilprevent from

18、grillinvestigategutdestroyheaddirectholdarrest第28页/共39页mapwork out（制订）markcelebrate（庆祝）nameappoint or nominateoptchooseperilendangerpledgedetermine（发誓）plotconspire（预谋，密谋策划）poiseready for action（作好准备）probeinvestigateraidattack（进攻）rapcriticizerebukecriticizeslaymurder（谋杀）soarskyrocket（急剧上升）swapexchang

19、e（交流，交换）swayinfluence（影响）trimreduce（削减）vowdetermine（决心，发誓）weighconsider（考虑）第29页/共39页标题除偏爱使用短小动词外，还常常选用简短、字母数少的名词或名词词组。acechampion（得胜者）accord=agreement(协议）aidassistance（帮助）aim=purpose(目的）blastexplosion（爆炸）bodycommittee,commission（委员会）clashcontroversy（冲突）crashcollision（碰撞，坠毁）dealagreement,transaction（

20、协议，交易）envoyambassador（大使）fakecounterfeit（赝品，骗局）fetecelebration（庆祝（活动）feudstrong dispute（严重分歧）flopfailure（失败）freezestabilization（物价、工资等）冻结）第30页/共39页glutover supply（供过于求）nodapproval（许可，批准）pactagreement,treaty（条约，协议）pollelection,public opinion poll（投票选举，民意测验）probeinvestigation（调查）pull outwithdrawal（撤退，

21、撤离）riftseparation（隔离，分离）setready（准备）snagunexpected difficulty（意外障碍，意外困难）statementdispute that cannot be settled（僵持，僵局）stanceattitude（态度）stepprogress（进程，进步）strifeconflict（冲突，矛盾）talk=negotiation(谈判）ties(diplomatic)relations（外交）关系）K:newspaper readingTwin Bombings Rock Central Baghdad.doc第31页/共39页4。缩略词和

22、简缩词（abbreviation&shortened words)缩略词既可节省版面标题词数，又能更好地提示新闻内容，使人读来颇感简洁易记，还可使版面编排减少沉闷之感。无论是常见的还是陌生的，其全称一般均能在消息的正文第一次出现时找到，不解之处便可迎刃而解了。英语新闻标题中经常出现的缩略词主要分为三类：第32页/共39页1、组织机构等专有名称CPPCC=Chinese Peoples Political Consultative ConferenceUNESCOUnited Nations Educational,Scientific And Cultural OrganizationIMFI

23、nternational Monetary FundASEANAssociation Of Southeast Asian NationsWTOWorld Trade OrganizationOPECOrganization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries）IOCInternational Olympic CommitteeNASANational Aeronautics And Space AdministrationWHOWorld Health OrganizationIAEA=International Atomic Energy Agency第33页

24、/共39页2、常见事物的名称，Aids（艾滋病）获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome。又如：UFOUnidentified Flying ObjectDJIDow-Jones IndexCPI=Consumer Price Index PRPublic RelationsSALTStrategic Arms Limitation Talks（限制战略武器会谈）SDIStrategic Defense Initiative（战略防御措施）GMTGreenwich Mean TimeJV=Joint VentureIPR=Intellec

25、tual Property Rights第34页/共39页3、表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词，如MP（议员）。又如：PMPrime Minister（总理；首相）FM=Foreign Minister 外长DM=Defense Minister 国防部长GMGeneral Manager（总经理）CEO=Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官CFO=Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官CMO=Chief Market Officer 首席市场总监CTO=Chief Technology Office首席技术官VIPVery Important Per

26、son（贵宾；要人）TPTraffic Policeman（交通警察）PAPersonal Assistant（私人助理）第35页/共39页简缩词:主要是通过截头去尾，或是将一个词的首部加上另一个词的尾部而构成。例如：AussieAustralian（澳大利亚的）Agro=agriculture 农业Brunch=breakfast+lunch 早中餐bizbusiness（商业）dorm=dormitoryexpoexposition（博览会）ecopolitics=economic politics 政治经济学Flu=influenza（流感）frige=refrigerator 冰箱go

27、vt=government 政府gym=gymnasium 体育馆copter=helicopter 直升机motel=motor hotel 汽车旅馆homohomosexual（同性恋）libliberation（解放）proprofessional（专业的，职业的）reprepresentative（代表）RussRussia（俄罗斯）Secsecretary（秘书）chuteparachute（降落伞）第36页/共39页natlnational（全国的）comlcommercial（商业的，广告）cteecommittee（委员会）CwealthCommonwealth（英联邦）tellytelevision（电视机）telecast=television broadcast 电视广播techtechnology（技术）N-test=Nuclear test 核试验pixpictures（电影）L.America=Latin America 拉丁美洲N.Ireland=North Ireland 北爱尔兰SAfrica=South Africa 南非vicvictory（胜利）第37页/共39页第38页/共39页感谢您的观看！第39页/共39页