英语时态语法专题讲解.pptx
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1、Formation of the singular verbSingular verbs share the formation of the plural noun.(1)Generally,verbs take the singular ending“-s”,which is pronounced as s after voiceless consonants,and as z after voiced consonants and vowels.sleep-sleeps,blow-blows第1页/共32页(2)Verbs ending in“s,x,z,sh,ch”take the s
2、ingular ending“es”,which is pronounced as iz.kiss-kisses,watch-watches,brush-brushes(3)Verbs ending in“f”or“fe”form their singular by changing“f”or“fe”into“ves”.He often knives passers-by.(4)Verbs ending in“y”preceded by a consonant letter form their singular by changing“y”into“ies”.fly-fliesExcepti
3、ons:have-has,go-goes,do-does第2页/共32页The Present Indefinite Tense1)表示习惯性动作、普遍真理、客观事实。He often goes to school at seven in the morning.The earth truns round the sun.China is in the east of Asia.第3页/共32页2)用于剧本、电影、比赛的解说或评论。(Mrs.Peters takes off her tippet,goes to hang it on the hook)-from Trifles3)表示“能力、
4、性格、性情”。She speaks a very fluent English.He likes watching TV.He stands very firm on this matter.4)表示主语的“身份、特征、状态”等。He is a worker.Mary is very beautiful.He is still living.第4页/共32页5)用在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中代替一般将来时。It it rains tomorrow,the sports meeting will be pu off till next week.When I go there tomor
5、row,I shall take mary with me.Ill do as my father says.6)代替一般过去时叙述过去的时间,以求获得生动的效果,这种语法现象叫“历史现在时”。Mary alone walks in the street,looks cautiously about,but sees no one around.Suddenly she feels a big hand rest on her left shoulder.第5页/共32页Formation of the past form and the past participle of regular
6、verbs.(1)Generally verbs form their past form and past participle by taking the ending“ed”.laugh-laughed-laughed(2)Verbs ending in“e”form their past form and past participle by taking only“d”.live-lived-lived,die-died-died第6页/共32页(3)If a monosyllabic verb(or a verb with its last syllable closed and
7、stressed)ends in a single consonant letter preceded by a single vowel,the final consonant letter should be doubled before taking“ed”regret-regretted-regretted(4)the past form and the past participle of irregular verbs require memorizing.cut-cut-cut,go-went-gone,come-came-come,run-ran-run,buy-bought-
8、bought,win-wan-won,第7页/共32页The Past Indefinite Tense1)表示过去某时刻或某段时间内完成的动作。He ran a teahouse at the roadside last year.He arrived here at three in the afternoon.2)指过去的习惯性动作。He usually went swimming in winter when he was young.3)表示前后紧接发生的一系列动作。Early in the morning,he dressed himself,washed his face and
9、 hurried to school.第8页/共32页4)表示主语过去的能力、身份、状态、特征。He was a worker three years ago.Mary was very beautiful when she was young.He did the job well last year.5)用在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中代替过去一般将来时。He said that the sports meeting would bu put off till the next week if it rained the next day.6)指过去的情况。I didnt know
10、you were a teacher.第9页/共32页The Future Indefinite Tense一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态,常与一些表示将来的时间状语(如tomorrow,next week,from now on,in the future等)连用。1)shall/will+do表示纯粹的将来(被动:shall/will+be done)I will visit the Great Wall as soon as I arrive in Beijing.I shall be twenty years old next year.
11、第10页/共32页2)be going to do表示打算或很大可能性(被动:be going to be done)Im going to see my uncle tomorrow.She has just been caught in the rain,and she thinks that she is going to have a bad cold.3)be to do表示安排、决定、命令、可能(被动:be to be done)The sports meeting is to be held next week.This book is to be handed to Mike
12、in person.Youre not to smoke here without permission.Such books are to be found in our library.第11页/共32页4)be about to do暗含“正要做某事”,指不远的将来动作即刻完成的动作。(被动:be about to be done)We are about to start on our journey,so I have no time to talk with you.注意:该结构不能与表示将来时间的状语连用5)come,go,leave,start,move,arrive,get
13、die等动词的现在进行时可以表示将来,无被动语态。A:Mary,its time for lunch.B:Im coming.The family is moving to the south next year.第12页/共32页6)有些表示移动的动词如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive,get,die等,它们的一般现在时可以表示预定计划,无被动语态,多用于车站、码头、机场等表示时刻安排。The train bound to Beijing starts at 12:00.第13页/共32页The Past Future Tense过去将来时主要表示相对于过去某一
14、时刻而言将要发生的动作或者存在的状况。第14页/共32页1)should/would+do 表示纯粹的将来(被动:should/would+be done)Mary said she would major in Chinese.He would sit for hours,looking up into the sky.2)was/were going to do 表示打算或者可能性(被动:was/were going to be done)Mary told me that there was going to be a test the next week.第15页/共32页3)was/
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