英语语法动词不定式.pptx

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1、非限定动词？非限定动词又叫非谓语动词，包括不定式、分词和动名词。非限定动词和限定动词的区别不同点：前者不能单独作谓语；不受主语人称和数量的限制；而限定动词的形式要和主语人和数一致。如；She likes to dance.They like to dance.可以起名词、形容词、副词的作用。如：To see is to believe.The man sitting by her is my teacher.Seeing the teacher entering the room,I stood up.第1页/共45页相似点：1.都可以带宾语。如；He bought a computer.He

2、 wanted to buy a computer.2.都可以由状语修饰。如；He studies very hard in the college.Studying hard,you will pass the exam.第2页/共45页3.都有语态和时态的变化。如：He has finished his homework.（完成式）Having finished his homework,he went out.The overpass will be built there.（被动）The hospital being built will be completed next month

3、.第3页/共45页不定式不定式的概述不定式的基本用法不定式的特殊句型第4页/共45页不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独作谓语。不定式第5页/共45页2不定式的时态和语态第6页/共45页不定式的时态现在时：不定式的一般现在时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词之后；He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.第7页/共45页进行时：表示正在发生的动作，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；He seems to

4、 be eating something.第8页/共45页完成时：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.第9页/共45页完成进行时：表示句子的主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，不定式的动作从过去某个时段发生一直持续到现在；She is known to have been working in our company for more than twenty years.第10页/共45页不定式的语态（2）不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定

5、式动作的承受者，不定式用被动语态He asked to be sent to work in countryside.Have you got a key to unlock the door?key unlock the door你有开门的钥匙吗？（1）不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式用主动语态。第11页/共45页不定式的否定形式动词不定时的否定形式是在不定式符号前加notThe teacher warned the students not to cheat in the examinations.She pretended not to see me when I

6、 passed by.第12页/共45页不定式的基本用法：作主语作宾语做补语做表语做定语做状语第13页/共45页不定式的语法功能（1）作主语To talk with him is a great pleasure.一般情况下，不定式（短语）作主语时，通常用形式主语“it”代替 It is a great pleasure to talk with him.第14页/共45页注意*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。例如Togettherebycartakesawholeday.Tomakeaplanforourfutureisimportant.第15页/共45页It 做形式

7、主语，不定式作逻辑主语时一般有介词for,of等引导；It is easy for me to do that.It is very hard for him to study two languages.第16页/共45页当用it is+adj+of sb.To do sth 一般表示人物的品行和行为特征，its 后面多用表示主观情感和态度的形容词；It is very kind of you to say this.It is very rude of you to do this.第17页/共45页翻译：你这样子对待女孩子是很粗鲁的。It is very rude of you to d

8、o this to the girls.It is very rude of you to treat girls like this.第18页/共45页辨析：It is+adj of sb.To do sth It is+adj for sb.To do sthIt is nice_ you.It is hard_ you.用介词后面的代词作主语，介词之前的形容词作表语，如果能组成句子就用of,否则就用for.第19页/共45页不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有：ready,eager,sure,glad,anxious,sorry,afraid,free,pleased,willing此外还要注

9、意一些特殊疑问词+不定式的形式（如：what to do,where to go），作tell,ask,know,show等动词的宾语。不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,pretend,learn,afford,needI dont know what to do.（2）作宾语Would you like to watch TV?第20页/共45页如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx fou

10、nd it important to study the situation in Russia.能带形式宾语的动词还有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。第21页/共45页不定式动词在介词but,except,后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。1)She could do nothing but cry.2)I have no choice but to go.第22页/共45页3.某些及物动词：forget,meanremember,regret,try,goon,等可用-ing也可用动词不定

11、式作宾语，但表达的意思不同Iforgettobringmyhomework.Iforgetopeningthewindows.Imean“Ididntbringmyhomework.”Imean“Ihaveopenedthewindows.”第23页/共45页6.wish,hope,plan,be,mean+tohavedone/hadwished.+todo表示原打算干却没能办到1.IhadmeanttogotoShanghaiyesterday,butwasdelayedbythebadweather.2.-Whydidntyoucometomybirthdayparty?-Idliket

12、ohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.第24页/共45页在had better,had best,would rather,would ratherthan,would sooner,cannot but,cannot help but等结构后直接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”。e.g.:Youd better listen to your teachers opinion.He cannot but move to another street.We cannot help but admire his courage.He always prefers to ri

13、de a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus.第25页/共45页（3）作表语（表将来时）My plan is to finish the experiment on time.（4）作宾补I asked him to come to my office.注意不定式的省略hear,see,watch,notice等感官动词后的省略I heard her sing this song.have,let,make三个使役动词后的省略I made him stand outside.这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不定式要补充完整.She was h

14、eard to.He was made to.第26页/共45页动词不定式作宾补省略动词不定式作宾补省略to口诀口诀不定式省不定式省to十一个，十一个，五五“看看”二二“听听”一一“感感觉觉”，三个三个“使役使役”紧挨着，紧挨着，如若主动变被动，如若主动变被动，符号符号to千万别省略。千万别省略。第27页/共45页（5）作定语动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in.The child has

15、nothing to worry about.Do you have a pen to write with?第28页/共45页不定式作状语目的状语结果状语原因状语第29页/共45页目的状语不定式可放于句首或句尾We do as much as we can to make our world beautiful.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：To save money,every means has been tried.To save money,he has tried every means.To learn English well,a dictionary is n

16、eeded.To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.第30页/共45页结果状语：表示事先没有料到，放于句尾What I have said to make you angry?She beat other players to take the first place in the badminton game.第31页/共45页原因状语We were very excited to hear the news.作独立成分插入语,用来说明说话人的态度,对整个句子进行解释.To tell you the truth,I dont like the

17、way he talked.第32页/共45页动词不定式做状语应注意：1.Inorderto和soasto意义上没区别，但soasto不能置于句首2.adj/adv+enough（forsb）to3.too+adj/adv+to有肯定与否定第33页/共45页注意：1.如果在too 前有否定词，整个句子变为肯定意义：意味不太Its never too old to learn.2.当too 前面有only,all,but意思为：非常I am only too pleased to be able to help you.He was but too eager to get home.第34页/

18、共45页不定式的省略当不定式在某些词后充当成分时，常可省略动词原形，但要保留不定式的符号“to”（1）形容词后不定式的省略，如：happy,glad,eager,anxious,ready-Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all.I am happy to.（2）动词后不定式的省略，如：like,love,care,wish,hope,want,expect,prefer,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade-Will you go to the cinema with us?-Sorry,I dont want

19、 to.第35页/共45页（3）宾语补足语中的省略，如：ask,tell,order,persuade,advise,permit,allowThe boy wants to ride his bike in the street,but his mother tells him not to.（4）在某些固定用法中的省略，如：ought to,have to,used to,be able to，be going to-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I was going to,but I had an unexpected visitor.第36页

20、/共45页5.及物动词want,need,require等，当其主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，常用动词不定式的被动式作宾语。(=want,need,require+doing)Yourbedroomneedstobecleaned.=Yourbedroomneedscleaning.第37页/共45页1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_i

21、nmynewjob.A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExercises:第38页/共45页4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5.

22、Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch第39页/共45页6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.ta

23、king8.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing第40页/共45页9._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep10.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtimeA.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingse

24、ttled第41页/共45页11.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying12.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade第42页/共45页13.The teacher asked us_so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make第43页/共45页第44页/共45页感谢您的观看！第45页/共45页