被动语态语法.pptx

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1、被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We We are are not not allowed allowed to

2、to enter enter the the chemistry chemistry lab lab without without a a teacher.teacher.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.The students didnt fo

3、rget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten.His lessons were not easily forgotten.第1页/共38页3.一般将来时：一般将来时：They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to

4、school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4.过去将来时：过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The The manager manager said said the the project project would would be be completed completed by by the the end of the year.end of the year.The worker

5、s told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The The workers workers told told me me that that the the car car would would be be mended mended as as soon soon as possible.as possible.第2页/共38页5.现在进行时：现在进行时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcast on the r

6、adio.English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.The rooms are being painted.6.过去进行时：过去进行时：Why didnt they drive there on time?Because the workers were mending the road.Because the road was being mended.Because the road was being mended.This

7、time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7.现在完成时：现在完成时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.I have

8、been told the sports meet might be put off.We have brought down the price.The price has been brought down.The price has been brought down.第3页/共38页8.过去完成时：过去完成时：When I got to the theatre,I found they they had had already already sold sold outout the tickets.the tickets.When When I I got got to to the

9、 the theatre,theatre,I I found found the the tickets tickets had had already already been sold out.been sold out.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People People had consideredhad considered him to be a great leader.him to be a great leader.He He had been consideredhad been cons

10、idered to be a great leader.to be a great leader.9.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：含含有有情情态态动动词词的的被被动动语语态态是是由由“情情态态动动词词+be+及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词去分词”构成。构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions Your compositions must be handed inmust be handed in after class.after class.He can write a grea

11、t many letters with the computer.A great many letters A great many letters can be writtencan be written with the computer by with the computer by him.him.第4页/共38页被动语态:我们知道,被动语态是由be+done(动词的过去分词)构成的被动语态构成比较一般现在时 主+am/is/are+done 一般过去时主+was/were+done 含情态动词主+情态动词+be done一般将来时主+will be+done 现在完成时主+have/

12、has been+done 过去完成时主+had been+done 现在进行时主+am/is/are being+done 过去进行时主+was/were being+done 过去将来时主+would be+done 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 第5页/共38页10:动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态1.be to do-be to be done2.be going to do-be going to be done3.Be about to do-be about to be doneEg:He is to read a novel A nove

13、l is to be read by himThey are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.The murderdr is about to be shot by them.第6页/共38页(1)The police found that the house _and a lot of things _.A.has broken into;has been stolen B.had broken into;h

14、ad been stolen C.has been broken into;stolen D.had been broken into;stolen(2)If city noises _ from increasing,people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have to C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have toDPracticePracticeA第7页

15、/共38页(3)-_ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told(4)The maths problem _ among the students soon.A.is about to be discuss B.is going to be discussed C.is to discuss D.is going to have been discussedAB第8页/共38页(一一)语态转换时要注意的问题语态转

16、换时要注意的问题1.1.把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，

17、另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语(指指物物)改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语(指指人人)前前加加适适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语第9页/共38页注意：注意：注意：注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pa

18、ss,promise,sell,show,teach,tell 等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,make,order,等。Mother made me a new skirt.(A new skirt was made for me.)The meat was cooked for us.第10页/共38页3.由由动动词词+介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词，要要把把它它们

19、们作作为为整整体体看看，即即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at,operate on,look after,make fun of,make use of take care of,carry out,give up,hand in,point out,put away,put off,turn down,work out,talk about等。等。The patient is being operated on.The patient is being operated on.The pro

20、blem is solved.It neednt be talked about.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.His request was turned down.His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.A child is taken good care of A child

21、 is taken good care of第11页/共38页4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：a,动词动词+宾语宾语+adj We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.b,动词+宾语+n They chose Tom captain.Tom was chosen captainc.动词+宾语+to do She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to

22、follow her instructions.d,动词+宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floore,动词+宾语+done we found all our seats occupied.all our seats were found occupied.注注注注意意意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式都都不不带带 to，但但改改成成被被动动语语态态后都带后都

23、带to，We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.His mother makes him clean the room every day.He is made to clean the room every day.第12页/共38页（二）某些动词用主动表被动？1.The picture looks beautiful .这里的 look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,

24、taste,sound,remain,turn out,smell等。Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.The flowers look beautiful What he said sounds reasonable.The roses smell sweet.The medicine tastes bitter.误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful

25、.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful 第13页/共38页 2.有有些些动动词词既既是是及及物物又又是是不不及及物物，当当它它们们和和well,badly,easily等等副副词词连连用用时时，表表示示主主语语内内在在品品质质或或性性能能，是是不不及及物物动动词词，用用主主动动表表示示被被动动，这这时时不不用用被被动动语语态态，常见的有：常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,dry,wash,cook,wear 等。如：等。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。Some silks wash well T

26、he new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。The poem reads fluently./The shoes wear well.The paper tears easily This kind of cloth dried easily对比：对比：The books sell well.(主动句主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句主动句)The meat was cooke

27、d for a long time over low heat.(被动句被动句)第14页/共38页3.want,need,require 3.want,need,require 作作“需要需要 ”解时及解时及be worth,in be worth,in need ofneed of后接动词，常用动名词后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义的主动形式表被动含义。Eg:1:The flower needs/wants/requires watering.Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting The computer needs/wants/require

28、s reqairing2:The film/music is worth listening to.3:His teaching method is in need of improving第15页/共38页4.4.不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：宾关系时：1.The sentence is easy to understand.2.She found the problem hard to deal with.3.The box is heavy to lift4.The picture

29、 is pleasant to look at5.The novel is interesting to read此类形容词此类形容词：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.第16页/共38页5.不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：常用主动形式表被动含义：1.She had only a c

30、old room to live in.2.I have a meeting to attend.3.I have a lot of homework to do4.She has many children to look after5.I gave him a cake to eat6.I gave him a book to read第17页/共38页第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place,come about,break out,belong to,consist of,add up to,come into being,come true,turn out 等

31、。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.Great changes have taken place in China.误：Great changes have been taken place in China.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误：Th

32、e sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.（三)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句第18页/共38页例如：例如：据说据说It is said/thought that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is gener

33、ally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.3)It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示第19页/共38页（五）英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义be dressed in,be seate

34、d in/at/beside/next tobe addicted to,be determined tobe devoted to,be absorbed in,be disappointed at,be lost in,be engaged in/be occupied in,be faced withEg:1.She is seated on the sofa.2.Addicted to surfing the internet,the boy often escapes from classes.3.Determined to give up smoking,he threw away

35、 his remaining cigarettes.4.Disappointed at failing in the math exam,Kenta wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.5.Judith lay on the sofa,absorbed in her book.第20页/共38页（六）介词in,on,under+名词短语表被动意义常见的有：under control,under treatment,under repair,under discussion,under construction,beyond belief,b

36、eyond ones reach,beyond ones control,in print,in sight,on sale,on show,on trial,out of control,out of sight,out of ones reach,out of fashion,.Eg:1.The building is under construction(is being constructed)2.The plane was out of control(cant be controlled)3.The road is under repair(is being repaired)4.

37、Today some treasures are on show(are being shown)in the museum.第21页/共38页1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.sell;have been sold outB.sold;had sold outC.sell,sell outare sold;have been sold out2.I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really?He_around here for a long time.A.wont b

38、e seenB.wasnt seeC.hasnt been seenD.hadnt been seen第22页/共38页3.The window is dirty.-I know.It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned4.The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B.was reportingC.reports D.reported5.Why did you leave that positi

39、on?-I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered6.More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sent第23页/共38页7.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Minist

40、ers car.A.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8.Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC.will be caused D.will have been caused9.When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountai

41、n.A.started;had already hidden B.had started;had already hidden C.had started;was hidingD.was starting;hid第24页/共38页10:The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11:The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open,the whole world cheered.declared B.have be

42、en declaredC.have declared D.were declared12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one _.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed第25页/共38页13.In a room above the store,where a party _,some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been hel

43、dC.will be held D.is being held14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and_now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC.is questioning D.has questioned15.The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A.will sell B.sells C.woul

44、d sell D.sold第26页/共38页16.The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A.was built B.built C.was set up D.had been built17.This cloth _well and _ long.Ok.Ill take it.A.washes/lasts B.is washed/lastedC.washes/is lasted D.is washing/lasting18.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week.

45、A.are to be held B.is to be held C.are holding D.will hold 第27页/共38页19.Im sorry,sir.Your recorder isnt ready yet.It _ in the factory.A.is being repaired B.is repaired C.has been repaired D.hasnt repaired 20.Every possible means ,but none prove successful.A.has tried B.has been tried C.is being tried

46、 D.tried 21.My little sister has broken my watch.-My watch _ by my little sister.A.is broken B.has broken C.have been brokenD.has been broken第28页/共38页22.He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.-His room _ by him when I entered the room.A.was being cleaned B.was cleaned C.was being cleaning

47、 D.has been cleaned23.I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.-This novel _ reading(by me)by dinner time A.will have finished .B.will has been finished C.will have being finished D.will have been finished24.You ought to keep these three rooms clean.-These three rooms _(by you).A.are o

48、ughted to keep clean B.ought to kept clean C.ought to be kept clean D.ought to have been kept clean第29页/共38页1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.A.sell;have been sold outB.sold;had sold outC.sell,sell outD.are sold;have been sold out2.I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really

49、?He_around here for a long time.A.wont be seenB.wasnt seeC.hasnt been seenD.hadnt been seen第30页/共38页3.The window is dirty.-I know.It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned4.The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reported B.was reportingC.reports D

50、.reported5.Why did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered6.More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sent第31页/共38页7.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a