【成才之路】高中英语 Unit1 Great scientists 第二课时 Reading & Comprehending学案课件 新人教版必修5.ppt

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1、1defeat1)v.(1)击败；战胜He has been soundly defeated at chess.他在象棋比赛中一败涂地。(2)困惑；难住Why you stay indoors on a beautiful day like this defeats me!天气这样好你却呆在屋里，真叫人莫名其妙！(3)(使)失败；阻挠；挫败By not working hard enough you defeat your own purpose.你因不太努力，所以达不到自己的目的。2)n.(1)U&C失败；战败；挫败I never consider the possibility of d

2、efeat.我从未考虑有失败的可能性。Victories or defeats are ordinary things to a general.对一个将军来说胜败是常事。(2)C,usually sing.击败；战胜He returned to his home county in 1945 after the defeat of Japan.1945年打败日本以后他返回了家乡。词语辨析defeat,beat,windefeat和beat都接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，但beat后接进行比赛、辩论和战争对手的人。在游戏和比赛中常用beat，侧重于比赛中击败对手。defeat既可以指比赛，又可

3、以指战场上战胜对手。win后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、钱、尊重、好意等名词，表示“荣获，赢得”，后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。We defeated the enemy at last.最后我们战胜了敌人。We beat their team by 10 points.我们以10分的优势战胜了他们。He won a prize/cup/100 pounds.他得了奖金/奖杯/100英镑。活学活用It is said that Jim_Tom by about a meter and won the race at last.AovercameBpersuadedCdefeated Dcontr

4、olledWhen he_the game,he was wild with joy.Awon BdefeatedCbeat Dlost答案：CA2expert adj.熟练的，经验或知识丰富的John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦非常出名的医生，他富有经验，因此而作为维多利亚女王的私人医生。知识拓展1)be expert in/at/on sth.在某方面是专家He is expert in

5、 electric music.他是电子音乐方面的专家。2)expert n.专家He is an expert in psychology.他是一位心理学专家。活学活用完成句子_ in teaching，he was invited to many foreign countries.答案：Expert/Being expert3attend v.1)出席，参加They had a quiet weddingonly a few friends attended(it)他们的婚礼静悄悄的只有几个朋友参加。2)经常去，定期去(某处)Our children attend the same sc

6、hool.我们的孩子上同一所学校。3)看护，照料I have to attend my sick son.我得照顾我生病的儿子。知识拓展1)attend to sb./sth.处理，对付；照料，关怀Are you being attended to?有人接待您吗？Could you attend to deal with this matter immediately?你能不能立刻处理这件事？2)attend school/church上学/去教堂Yesterday,some students didnt attend school,so the teacher asked them to e

7、xplain the reason.昨天有几个学生没来上学，老师要他们说明原因。How many people attend church every Sunday?每个星期天有多少个人去教堂？词语辨析attend,join,join in,take part in1)attend是正式用语，作及物动词，指参加会议或仪式，如婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、听报告等。2)join指加入某个组织或团体，如军队、团队、党派等。3)join in 指参加比赛或活动等，常用于日常口语，可用join sb.in sth.表示“加入某人的某项活动”。4)take part in 指参加正式的有组织的活动。活学活用T

8、he doctor telephoned to say that he couldnt_the meeting because he had to_a patient.Acome;attend to Battend;attendCjoin;treat Dattend on;look afterWould you like to_us in the game?Ajoin Btake part inCattend Djoin in答案：BA4expose v.1)暴露，显露，露出When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.他笑时露出

9、了一口漂亮的白牙。2)揭露，揭穿Lu Xun exposed the evil of the old society in his works.鲁迅在他的作品中揭露了旧社会的罪恶。3)sb./sth./oneself(to sth.)使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.婴儿被离弃于风雨之中。4)sb.to sth.使接触，使体验We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。知识拓展

10、exposed adj.1)(指地方)无遮蔽的，不遮挡风雨的The cottage is in a very exposed position at the top of the hill.那小屋位于山顶毫无遮蔽之处。2)易受攻击(或批评)的，无保护的She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。注意：expose的过去分词用作状语时，强调主句的主语处于无遮蔽的状态，相当于主语beexposed to sth.。活学活用Dont leave it_to the sun,or it will get burnt.Aexpos

11、ing BexposedCbeing exposed DexposesAs we all know,women do not_their faces in public in some middle Eastern countries.Acover BkeepCexpose Dprotect答案：BC5cure1)v.(1)sb.(of sth.)治愈、治好(病人或动物)The doctors cured her of cancer.医生治好了她的癌症。(2)治好(疾病)I can give you some medicine to cure your headache.我可以给你点药治你的头

12、痛。(3)sb.of sth.矫正某人的不良行为She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。2)n.(1)(for sth.)药，药物；疗法There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.这种病尚没有确切的治疗方法，但可以医治。(2)治疗；疗程Doctors cannot effect a cure if the disease has spread too far.假若这种疾病已扩散得厉害，医生也无法妙手回春。(3)(for

13、 sth.)(解决问题、改善糟糕情况等的)措施、对策The cats proved to be a good cure for our mouse problem.最终证实猫是我们解决老鼠问题的好方法。词语辨析cure,treat,heal,recover这些动词都有“治疗、医治”之意。1)cure多指用药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.我希望医生能治好我肩上的疼痛。That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。2)treat指接受并诊治病人

14、的全过程或活动，并不涉及“治愈”这个结果。Which doctor is treating you for this trouble?哪位医生给你治病？This boy is being treated for a heart condition.这个男孩正在接受心脏病治疗。3)heal侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛如灼伤等。heal不能用来表示“感冒”等疾病的治愈。The cut soon healed over/up,but it left a scar.伤口不久就愈合了，但却留下了伤疤。The disagreement among the family members healed over wi

15、th time.(喻)家庭成员之间的不和随着时间的过去而消失。4)recover表示从病中痊愈了或从某一不健康的境地恢复正常。He is recovering from a fever.他逐渐退烧了。In a few days Mr.Smith had recovered strength of body and mind.几天之后，史密斯先生身体和思维的力量就已恢复了。活学活用If you take the medicine twice a day,it could_your cold.Atreat BcureChelp DhealAlthough the medicine can cure

16、 you_your illness,it has a bad effect_you.Afor;in Bfor;onCof;on Dof;at答案：BC6challenge1)v.(1)向挑战challenge sb.to sth.After lunch Tom challenged me to a game of tennis.午饭后汤姆提出挑战要和我进行一场网球比赛。(2)质疑，对表示怀疑He challenged my view on that matter.他就我对那件事的看法提出异议。2)n.(1)挑战He received a challenge to a TV debate.他接到

17、电视辩论的挑战。(2)质疑It is a direct challenge to the Governors authority.这是对总督权威的直接的质疑。知识拓展 活学活用Finding information in todays world is easy.The_ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.Aability BcompetitionCchallenge Dknowledge答案：C考查名词辨析。句意：在当今世界找到信息是很容易的，困难的是如何判断得到的信息是否有用。ability 能力

18、；competition 竞争，竞赛；challenge 挑战，困难；knowledge 知识，学问。只有challenge 符合句意，故选C。7absorb v.1)吸收(液体、气体等)The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。2)使并入，吞并，同化The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市。3)理解，掌握Clever children absorb knowledge easily.聪明孩子容易吸

19、收知识。4)吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注His business absorbs him.他专心致志地处理业务。5)吸收(光、热、能等)Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热。知识拓展1)absorbed adj.in sth./sb.被吸引住，专心致志，全神贯注于(某人或事物)He was too absorbed in the newspaper to hear the bell.他专心读报，连门铃响也没听见。2)absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的，精彩的The novel was so a

20、bsorbing that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.这本小说非常引人入胜，她一口气读了下去，甚至废寝忘食。活学活用_in the computer games,the boy no longer put his heart into his study.AAbsorbing BLosingCAbsorbed DDevotedFor the next two hours she was _ the film，so she didnt notice what happened around her.Aen

21、gaged in Bbusy inCabsorbed in Doccupied with答案：CC解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在此后的两个小时里，她在专心看电影，因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情。be engaged in sth.从事某事；be busy in doing sth.忙于干某事；be absorbed in sth.全神贯注于某事；be occupied with sth.忙于干某事。8severe adj.1)(on/with sb.)严厉的，重的 Was the judge too severe on the thief?这个法官对小偷是不是太严厉了？2)极为恶劣的，十分严

22、重的 The drought is becoming increasingly severe.旱灾日趋严重。3)严厉的，苛刻的She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。4)艰难的，艰巨的，难度很大的The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long.比赛的速度极快，很难持久。活学活用Dont be too_your little son;_，he is a boy of six.Asevere on;above all Bsevere with;a

23、t allCsevere about;after all Dsevere on;after all答案：D9blame1)v.sb./sth.(for sth.)|sth.on sb./sth.把归咎于，责怪，指责She blamed him for the failure of their marriageShe blamed the failure of their marriage on him.她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。Dont blame it on him,but on me.别怪他，该怪我。2)U(for sth.)(坏事或错事的)责任；对(某人的)责备、指责Where does

24、the blame for our failure lie?我们失败的症结在哪里？We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。知识拓展1)be to blame(for sth.)对(坏事)负有责任 Which driver was to blame for the accident?这事故是哪个司机的责任？2)bear/take/accept/get the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任The government will have to take the blame for

25、the riots.政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。3)lay/put the blame(for sth.)on sb.blame sb.for sth.把某事归咎于某人We shouldnt lay the blame for our failure on him.我们不应该把失败归咎于他。词语辨析blame,accuse,scold这三个动词均含有“责备，非难”之意。1)blame普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。When he arrived late,Mr.Drake blamed the bad traffic.由于德雷克迟到了，他抱怨糟糕的交通。2)ac

26、cuse语气比blame强，本义为归罪，可用作指非难或谴责之义。He accused his boss of having broken his word.他指责老板不守信。3)scold普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。He was scolded for being lazy.他因懒惰而受斥责。高考链接(2002上海)I feel it is your husband who_for the spoiled child.Ais to blame Bis going to blameCis to be blamed Cshould blame答案：A

27、我认为你丈夫对宠坏孩子这件事负有责任。10pollute vt.1)弄脏，污染I feel it is our duty not to pollute our environment.我感觉我们有责任不污染我们的环境。Bicycle is a good exercise;moreover,it does not pollute the air.骑脚踏车是很好的运动，而且不污染环境。2)玷污，败坏Our store never sells books which pollute the mind.我们书店从不出售污染心灵的书籍。知识拓展pollution n.污染，污染物Air pollutio

28、n is a global problem.空气污染是全球性的问题。She was shocked by all the pollution on the beach.她对海滩上的污染感到震惊。活学活用完成句子垃圾污染我们的河流湖泊。Garbage_ _ _and lakes.答案：pollutes our rivers11handle1)v.(1)处理，控制，管理(局势、人、工作或感情)此时相当于deal with，可接具体或抽像物。I was impressed by her handling of the affair.我觉得她对此事的处理很了不起。(2)(用手)触，拿，搬动The la

29、bel on the box,said“Fragile.Handle with care.”箱子上的标签写着：“易碎。小心搬运。”(3)控制，操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)I wasnt sure if I could handle such a powerful car.我没有把握是否能驾驶功率这么大的车。2)n.(1)(门窗、抽屉)把手，拉手She turned the handle and opened the door.她转动把手，打开了门。(2)柄；把；提梁；把手Pick up the cup by the handle.捏着杯把把杯子拿起来。知识拓展1)get/have a handl

30、e on sb./sth.弄懂，理解，搞明白I cant get a handle on these sales figures.我真搞不懂这些销售数字。2)give sb.a handle(on sth.)(使)弄懂，理解，明白I was finally given a handle on the true nature of the problem.最终我能够理解这个问题的实质。高考链接(2008湖北)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine,we must send for an engineer to_the problem

31、.Ahandle BraiseCface Dpresent答案：A考查动词词义辨析。句意为：因为这儿没人知道机器出了什么故障，我们必须派人去请一名工程师来处理这个问题。handle处理，操纵；raise喂养，饲养；face面对；present 呈现，赠送。12link1)v.(1)A to/with B|A and B(together)把(物体、机器、地方等)连接起来The video cameras are linked to a powerful computer.这些摄像机是与一台功能强大的计算机相连的。(2)联系，使关联The two factors are directly lin

32、ked.这两个因素直接联系在一起。(3)说明(两件东西或两人之间)有联系(或关系)The newspapers have linked his name with hers.报纸报道把他和她的名字联系在一起(暗指他们有染)。(4)挽住，勾住，套在一起The two girls linked arms as they strolled down the street.两个女孩挽着胳臂沿街漫步而行。2)n.(1)(between A and B)联系，对接Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.警方怀疑这两起谋杀案可能有

33、关联。(2)(between A and B)|(with sth.)关系，纽带Social customs provide a vital link between generations.社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。知识拓展link up(with sb./sth.)(与)连接，结合，使连接，使结合The two spacecraft will link up(with each other)in orbit.两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上(互相)对接。The bands have linked up for a charity concert.这些乐队已联合起来，准备办一场慈善

34、音乐会。注意：近几年高考多考查link的过去分词用法，例如：The police caught all the people linked to the case.警察逮捕了所有的涉案人员。活学活用The pieces of information_to suggest who the thief was.Alink up Bjoin toCconnect to Dconnect with答案：A13announce v.1)(sth.)(to sb.)宣布；宣告(决定、计划等)The government yesterday announced to the media plans to c

35、reate a million new jobs.政府昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作的计划。2)(尤指通过广播)通知Has our flight been announced yet?广播通知了我们的航班没有？3)声称，宣称She announced that she had given up smoking.她宣称她已戒烟。4)宣布(某人)到达，通报的到来 Would you announce the guests as they come in?客人来时你通报一声好吗？知识拓展announcement n.1)(一项)公告，布告，通告The governments announceme

36、nt is seen as a move towards settling the strike.政府的通告已被视为迈向解决罢工问题的一步。2)(指行动)宣布，宣告Our cooks sudden announcement that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.我们的厨师突然说要离去，这使我们非常惊奇。词语辨析announce,declare这两个动词均含“宣布，公开”之意。1)announce多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情。侧重“预告”，尤指新闻一类的消息。Presidential candidates announce

37、 two years in advance of the elections.在总统选举前两年宣布竞选者。2)declare侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布。侧重于“当众发表”，多用于宣战、协议和或宣判等。They then declared(to us all)what had been decided.他们然后(对我们全体)宣布所作出的决定。活学活用In 1938,Hitler_war against Poland,which started the Second World War.Adeclared BannouncedCbroadcasted Dadvertised单句改错The gov

38、ernment announced the people its new economic policies._答案：A在announced 后面加to14instruct v.1)指示，命令，吩咐My boss instructed me to type the letters quickly.我的老板指示我赶快打好这些信件。He instructed that a wall(should)be built around the city.他下令在城的周围筑一道城墙。2)通知，告知I instructed my lawyer that I wanted to sell the house.我

39、通知我的律师我想卖掉这所房子。We are instructed by our clients that you owe them 300.我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。词语拓展1)instructionU(in sth.)教授，传授，教导In this course,students receive instruction in basic engineering.在本课程中，学生能学到基础工程学的知识。C,usually pl.(to do sth.)|(that.)指示，命令，吩咐 Im under the instructions to keep my speech sho

40、rt.我接到指示讲话要简短。注意：若无a piece of 等结构修饰，多用复数形式。pl.用法说明，操作指南I read the instructions/directions on the bottle.我读了瓶子上的用法说明。2)instructor教练；导师；大学讲师The driving instructor told me to pull up at the post office.驾驶教练让我在邮局停车。The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。活学活用How can I re

41、pair it?Well,look at the_.Aexplanations BexpressionsCinstructions DintroductionsWe_to do the experiment by ourselves.Ainstruct Bare instructingCinstructed Dare instructed答案：CD1look into1)调查，审查A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立了一个工作小组来调查这个问题。The government has set up a worki

42、ng party to look into the problem of drug abuse.政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。2)向的里面看They stopped to look into the window.他们停下来看看橱窗。The soldier looked into the house,but he found nothing.那个士兵朝屋里面看，但什么也没发现。知识拓展常与look搭配的短语还有：look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待look over 从上面看，察看，检查look round 环顾，观光，察看look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习，从中显露loo

43、k up 向上看，尊敬，仰望，查寻look up and down 仔细打量(某人)look up to 尊敬，仰望look out 当心，留神，看守look after 目送，寻求，照顾，关心look back 回顾，倒退活学活用They have_the cause of the accident,but the result is still not known to us.Alooked for Blooked upClooked into Dlooked round_！Theres a train coming.ALook out BLook roundCLook forward D

44、Look on答案：CA2move away 搬开，搬走；离开Father told Tom not to give up his friends when he moved away.父亲告诉汤姆他搬走后不要与他的朋友们中断往来。Fight when you can win;move away when you cant.打得赢就打，打不赢就走。Her children had moved away and she was left on her own.她的孩子都搬走了，只剩下她一个人生活。知识拓展常与move搭配的短语还有：move in 搬进新居；干预move off(车辆或人群)离开

45、，出发move on 继续前行；更换话题move out 搬出，迁走move over 挪动，移动活学活用翻译句子人们开始走掉。_答案：People began to move away.3die of/from 因而死She died of/from cancer.她死于癌症。Many people die of famine every year.每年有很多人死于饥荒。知识拓展常与die搭配的短语还有：die out 绝种，灭绝die away 渐渐消失或消逝，淡化die down 逐渐减弱，降低，察觉不到die off 相继死去，先后死去be dying for sth./to do s

46、th.渴望，极想做某事活学活用The noise of the train_in the dark night.Adied out Bdied fromCdied away Ddied off答案：C1So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。every time(that)在本句中担任从属连词，引导时间状语从句。例如：Every time I ask you a question,you seem to have a readymade an

47、swer.Whenever I ask you a question,you seem to have a readymade answer.每逢我问你问题，你总好像有现成的答案。They made no effort to hide their amusement every time I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.每当我从衣袋里拿出一包糖果的时候，他们毫不掩饰他们觉得好笑。知识拓展1)某些表示时间的名词词组，可以引导时间状语从句；此类名词词组除了every time外还有：the moment(that)；any moment(t

48、hat)；the minute(that);the instant(that);each time;the day;the year;(the)next time(that);the first time;the last time；by the time等。The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.她最后一次见到詹姆斯时，他躺在床上。You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你想回来时随时可以回来。2)directly;immediately;instantly等副词，也可以引导时

49、间状语从句。We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。They phoned immediately they arrived home.他们到家后马上打了电话。I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。3)介词on/uponving或具有动作含义的名词，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。Some magazines pay on acceptance,others on publication.一些杂志采用稿件后即付稿酬，另外一些则要到发表后才付。On my

50、return from work,I saw the door was open.我下班回家时，看见门开着。活学活用(上海98)I thought her nice and honest_I met her.Afirst time Bfor the first timeCthe first time Dby the first time(NMET2001春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her_I saw her.Awhile Bthe momentCsuddenly Donce答案：