种演讲技巧 李开复.pptx

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1、We Present Every Day!Not just conference talks.Product group meetingsBillG/TAB meetingsPreamble to a demoConvince a product group to be interestedPresent patent to a lawyerPresent a group result at offsite“Elevator”talks第1页/共72页But Im not good at it.Presentation skills can be acquired.Examples:Bill

2、GatesKai-Fu Lee第2页/共72页What Youll Learn Today:Communication skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.第3页/共72页What is Communication Skills?Verbal(words spoken)Vocal(tone,range,appeal,credibility of voice)Visual(physical appearance,clothing,gestures,

3、eye contact)7%38%55%CommunicationSkills第4页/共72页“Without effective delivery,a speech of the highest mental capacity can be held in no esteem.With effective delivery,even one with moderate abilities maysurpass those of the highest talent.”-Cicero“The man who can think and does not knowhow to express w

4、hat he thinksis at the level of him who cannot think.”-PericlesThe Importance of Communication Skills第5页/共72页Communication Skills=Fake?Most important factor is PASSION!If youre passionate,your vocal&visual skills will come naturally.Passion could come from subject,experience,or environment.“There is

5、 just one sure cure for bad speeches Get truly excited on the subject,and 99 percent of the faults of your speaking will disappear.”-Robert Montgomery But there are skills to be learned.Like reading,writing,typing.Must learn this,if you want your work to be understood!第6页/共72页Verbal SkillsBe simple

6、and clear!Dont ramble.Stop to think if you need to.Example one:Dan Quayle celebrates democracy:Example two:Dan Quayle trying to say“A mind is a terrible thing to waste”第7页/共72页Verbal SkillsSpeaking is not like writing!Use simple words.Dont use complex sentences.Can you understand this:Dont use ambig

7、uous words in speech.第8页/共72页Vocal SkillsProject&resonate your voice.No“UM”s and“ER”s.(Pause instead).Silence is a tool(To draw attention).第9页/共72页Vocal SkillsPlay your voice with pitch and tempo.To amplify a point,slow down,speak loudly,exaggerate inotation,pause in the right places.“You are right.

8、I am wrong”Stalin to Trotsky“Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country”-John F.KennedyBAD EXAMPLE:“I welcome this kind of examination,because people have to know whether their president is a crook.Well,Im not a crook.”-Richard M.NixonDont use it everywhere!第10页/共7

9、2页Vocal Skills:Same message;many ways to deiverJohn Kennedy:“You need to contribute to your country”“Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country”.Quayle vs.Benson Debate:Quayle:I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presiden

10、cy.Answer 1:“Jack Kennedy is better than you.”Answer 2:Senator,I served with Jack Kennedy.I knew Jack Kennedy.Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine.Senator,youre no Jack Kennedy.“第11页/共72页Vocal Skills:EnthusiasmPassion&Enthusiasm!If youre not passionate,why should we care?Example:Martin Luther KingI hav

11、e a dream.That one dayThis nation will rise upLive up to the true meaning to its creed:We hold these truths to be self-evidentThat all men are created equal.第12页/共72页Visual SkillsVisual Skills THE most importantAppear trustworthy&respectful.US Election 1960 was won on visual skills.Components of Vis

12、ual SkillsEyesBodyHandsFace第13页/共72页Visual Skills EyesLook forward at audience(trust)Dont shift eyeballs;dont look in corner.Dont look too much at computer screen or your notes.Look at peoples faces(not eyes)3-6 seconds per person.Shift randomly.Nod,smile,use facial expression.第14页/共72页Visual Skills

13、 BodyStand up when talking.Walk around=informal.Dont:Rock,shake,lean too much.第15页/共72页Visual Skills HandsGesture complements talk.Should come naturally,without thinking.Make sure they match!Need to exaggerate a littleEspecially with large audience.Dont fidget or put in pocket.Videotape whole talk&w

14、atch.第16页/共72页Visual Skills FaceShow emotion!Most of the time:“I care a lot about this.”“I really believe in this.”“I love my work.”Sometimes(in response to questions).“This is the most outrageous thing Ive ever heard.”“I will have nothing to do with this.”第17页/共72页What Youll Learn Today:Communicati

15、on skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.第18页/共72页Preparing the TalkAlways OVERPREPARE!Preparation includes:Researching the background.Organizing the talk.Writing the slides.Rehearsing the talk.Last minute things.第19页/共72页Researching the Backgro

16、undWhen youre invited,find out:How long is the talk?Whats the topic?(Say no if you dont care about the topic).Whos the audience.Once you say yes,you are COMMITTED to do a great job.第20页/共72页Organizing the TalkYoure the salesman.First lesson for salesmen:“Tell them what youre going to say.Say it.Tell

17、 them what you said”Very similar to your paper!第21页/共72页The Central Message(it)People will not remember everything.Have ONE clear walk-away message.What do you want people to remember in 3 months?The answer to the question:“How was the talk?”Repeat it!第22页/共72页The OpeningSay something provoking!Give

18、 a(very short)outline/overview.第23页/共72页The SubstanceLogical.Convincing.Help them remember the message!Anticipate doubts&remove them.Smooth transitions Dont lose the audienceOK to re-order the sub-topics.Keep repeating the message!第24页/共72页The EndingEnd with a BANG!Repeat the message.Say thank you.第

19、25页/共72页Writing the Visuals(PowerPoint)Prepation(80%time)First prepare outline(recommend:Word).Then modify outline for:Logic onvincing,flow,transitions.Actual Slide Writing(20%time)Should come almost directly from the outline.第26页/共72页Use of Visuals(PowerPoint)Visuals only support your talk.Spend mo

20、re time on your talk!Simple and clear1 idea;3 sub-concepts;=6 lines.Readable Big&color-coordinated.Dont read from the slides!第27页/共72页What if Talk is ComplexDont lose people.Use grayed out outline.If idea is complex:Try really hard to avoid complex slides,butIf you must use it,use layers(prevent rea

21、d-ahead&lack of focus).Remember to change slides for printing.Example.第28页/共72页If you must use complex layersa good exampleContent ServerProxy ServerClients3.return content1.open connection&send requestContent re-authoringClient/UserprofilesAdaptationschemesNetworkmonitoringCaching&pre-fetchingmanag

22、ement2.retrieve content 2.retrieve content 3.retrieve network data,user/client profiles4.perform adaptation5.return content1.open connection&send request第29页/共72页Use of Demos/MultimediaKeeps the talk interesting.Dont overdo it.Should be tied to content.Ordering:2,N,N-1,N-2,.3,1 第30页/共72页Rehearsing Y

23、our TalkRecord&listen to every talk at least twice!Record:Best:PowerPoint features.OK:Tape recorder.Must do sometime:VideoAsk experienced speaker to critique.Improve:Style,logic,timing per slide.第31页/共72页Get the Timing Right!Running out of time is a disaster.Write how much time should remain on each

24、 slide.第32页/共72页After youre more experienced.No longer necessary to record.Every new talk still must be rehearsed.Bring notes if you arent confident.第33页/共72页Just Before the Talk.Prepare something matching the occasion.Make sure youre not too tired:Get enough sleep the previous night.Drink 3 cups of

25、 coffee!第34页/共72页What Youll Learn Today:Communication skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.第35页/共72页Delivering the TalkOvercoming language barrier.Overcoming nervousness.Art of Good Opening&ending.HumorAudience participation第36页/共72页Overcoming

26、Language BarrierPerfect English not necessary.Know your limitations.Dont use fancy words,complex sentences.Dont take any chance of looking silly.OK to bring cheat notes!第37页/共72页Outline&ScriptAlways make an outline.PowerPoint notes;Word Outline.Dont have to use it.It may be best to READ a speech.No

27、excuse not to be fluent!(practice!)Dont stare at paper.(Memorize it if youre prefer).第38页/共72页Overcoming Nervousness“Do the thing you fearand the death of fear is certain.”-Ralph Waldo Emerson第39页/共72页Hiding NervousnessIt is possible to hide nervousness!Dont let the shaking show!Make a fist;hold the

28、 lectern.Speak loudly.Take a deep breath.Look at a friendly face.Look above peoples heads.第40页/共72页Art of Good Opening&EndingOpeningSay something relevant to the occasion.Need to research background before the talk.Ending“If you remember only one thing from this talk,then you should remember XXX”.第4

29、1页/共72页HumorGood humor:Respectful.Relevant(better yet:original).Short.Plan your jokes:Remember what worked.Use it again!第42页/共72页HumorHow to tell a joke?Set up(people should know a joke is coming up).Pause after climax(punch line).Move on naturally if no reaction!第43页/共72页Audience ParticipationBest

30、way for people to remember!Ask audience a questionAnticipate their answer(s)!Respond with something interesting AND relevant.第44页/共72页Be YourselfLearn the skills;dont copy the styles.You must be yourself to be credible.Many styles could be effective:Bill Gates Brilliant technologistSteve Ballmer Pow

31、erful salesmanSteve Jobs Passionate evangelist第45页/共72页What Youll Learn Today:Communication skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.第46页/共72页Q&AQ&A is your chance to:Amplify your points.Increase your credibility.第47页/共72页Dealing with QuestionsEasy

32、 QuestionsAmplify your points!Hard QuestionsNo need to answer directly.But dont hide!Narrow QuestionsTake offline.第48页/共72页Q&A Giving A Good AnswerRespect the listenerRight body languageRepeat the questionComplete if people cannot hear.Paraphrase to help amplify your point.If people are too shy,you

33、start!Dont argue or dismiss a question.第49页/共72页21 Secrets#1 Anybody can learn to give a good talk.第50页/共72页21 Secrets#2 Dont give a talk unless youre passionate.第51页/共72页21 Secrets#3 Use simple and clear words.第52页/共72页21 Secrets#4 Play your voice to focus on key points.第53页/共72页21 Secrets#5 Silenc

34、e is a great tool.第54页/共72页21 Secrets#6 Overprepare every talk.第55页/共72页21 Secrets#7 Tell them what youre going to say.Say it.Tell them what you said.第56页/共72页21 Secrets#8 Have ONE clear central message for:the question“How was the talk”第57页/共72页21 Secrets#9 Open your talk with something thought-pro

35、voking第58页/共72页21 Secrets#10 Slides should be simple&clear.第59页/共72页21 Secrets#11 Dont read from your slides.第60页/共72页21 Secrets#12 Order your demos.第61页/共72页21 Secrets#13 Rehearse&listen to each talkat least twice!第62页/共72页21 Secrets#14 Time your talk on every slide.第63页/共72页21 Secrets#15 It may be

36、 OK to read from a script.第64页/共72页21 Secrets#16 Stay awake!Drink 3 cups of coffee before your talk.第65页/共72页21 Secrets#17 It is possible to hide nervousness.第66页/共72页21 Secrets#18 Tailor your opening remarks to the occasion.第67页/共72页21 Secrets#19“If you only remember one thing fromthis talk,you should remember XXX”第68页/共72页21 Secrets#20 Humor&Interactivity must berelevant and well-planned.第69页/共72页21 Secrets#21 Q&A can help you more than the audience.第70页/共72页ConclusionGiving a talk is easyIt just takes:A little passionA lot of practice!第71页/共72页感谢您的观看！第72页/共72页