(完整版)外研版新课标三起点小学英语语法及习题.pdf

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1、1 小学英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加 -es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“ f 或 fe”结尾，变f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-wom

2、en, policeman-policemen, child-children ，policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ，foot-feet, tooth-teeth，fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _sand_ watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ man_sheep _box_ thief _ peach_ wich _ woman_

3、paper_ juice_ water_milk_ rice_ tea_ strawberry _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 二、一般现在时（一）一般现在时基本用法介绍1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如： The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3、表示客观现实。如： The earth goes arou

4、nd the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。（二）一般现在时的构成 1、 be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2、行为动词：主语+行为动词 (+其它 )。如： We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it) 时，要在动词后加 -s 或-es 。如： Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。（三）一般现在时的变化1、 be 动词的变化。否定句：主语 + be + not + 其它。如： He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句： Be +主语 +其它。如：

5、 -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 如： Where is my bike? 2、行为动词的变化。否定句：主语 + dont( doesnt ) +动词原形 (+其它 )。如： I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt 构成否定句。如： He doesnt often

6、 play. 一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +主语 +动词原形 +其它。如： Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does 构成一般疑问句。如： Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 4 、特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如： How does your father go to work? 5、动词 +s 的变化规则（1）一般情况下，直接加-s，如： cook-cooks, milk-milks （2

7、）以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加 -es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes （3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： study-studies （四）一般现在时用法专练: 1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 look _ have_

8、pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ drink_start_ 2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(d

9、o) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby car

10、efully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. I m staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 18. The child often _(watch) TV in

11、 the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 3、改错 (划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teach us English. _ 5. She dont do her homew

12、ork on Sundays. _ 三、现在进行时（一）现在进行时基本用法介绍1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词 ing. 如: I am watching TV . 3、现在进行时的否定句在be 后加 not。如: I am not watching TV . 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。如: Are you watching TV ? 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing? What are you doing? 但疑问词当

13、主语时其结构为：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 疑问词 + be + 动词 ing? 如: Who is singing there? （二）动词加ing 的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如： cook-cooking 2以不发音的e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如： make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：停止 stop-stop

14、ping 游泳 swim swimming 坐下 sit sitting 逐渐变成 get getting 跑 run running 放下 Put- putting （三）现在进行时专项练习：1、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make _go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance _ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get _ stop_ sit _ 2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. List

15、en .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.

16、Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、将来时一、概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, the day after tomo

17、rrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to + 动词原形；will + 动词原形 . 三、否定句：在be 动词（ am, is, are）后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 wont。如： I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句：be 或 will 提到句首， some 改为 any, and改为 or，第一二人称互换。如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend

18、. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 8 五、同义句： be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习： 1、填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my frie

19、nds. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet? 2

20、、改句子5. Nancy is going to go camping. （改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them. （改否定）I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. （改一般疑问句）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 9 _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomo

21、rrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school. （对划线部分提问） _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play tomorrow.( 同上 ) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ？五、一般过去时1

22、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。（yesterday, last year/week.）2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。 （was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。 （were not=werent）带有 was或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把was 或were 调到句首。3句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句： didnt +动词原形，如： Jim didnt go home ye

23、sterday. 一般疑问句： 在句首加 did， 句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如： Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 10 疑问词 +did+主语 +动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如： Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如

24、： pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如： taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如： stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y 为 i， 再加 -ed，如：study-studied 5. 不规则动词的变化： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sin

25、g-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳

26、 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 11 throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be 动词的过去时练习1、用 be 动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look,

27、there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 2、用动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to the zoo yesterday, we _ to the park,too. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a

28、kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _(find) a beautiful butterfly. 3、句型转换。1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -

29、- - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 12 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答： _ _ 2. They played football in the playground. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ _ 六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。人称代词： I 我 we 我们 you 你 you 你们 he他 she她 it 它 they 他们物主代词： my 我的 our 我们的 your 你的 your 你们的 his 他的 her她的 its 它的 their

30、他们的宾格： me 我 us 我们 you 你 you 你 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他们主格： I we you she he it they 宾格： me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 1、用所给词的适当形式填空1.That is not _ kite. (my) 2. Is this _ watch? (you) No, it s not _ . ( I ) 3. _ is my bro

31、ther. _ name is Jack. Look! ( he ) 4. _ is my aunt. Do you know _job? _ is a nurse. ( she ) 5. Where are _? I can t find _. Let s call _parents. ( they ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 13 七、形容词和副词的比较级形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较

32、级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如： tall-taller, strong-stronger, (2) 双写最后一个字母，再+er 如： big-bigger, fat- fatter, (3) 把 y 变 i，再 +er 如： heavy-heavier, early-earlier (4) 不规则变化：如： well-better, much/many-more, 1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ stron

33、g_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_ 2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 3. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 4. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or he

34、rs? Hers is. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 14 5. Ben jumps _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 6. Does Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 7.My eyes are _(big) than hers. 八、缩略形式I m = I am youre = you are shes = s

35、he is hes = he is dont=do not doesnt=does not it s = it is whos =who is cant =can not isn t=is not well=we will 九、情态动词can 引导的句型表示有能力做某事，can 后面的动词要用原形。如：1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can. 5 How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - -