(完整版)初一英语语法学习知识点详细总结.pdf

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1、初一英语语法学习知识点总结一、初一英语语法 词法1、名词A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加 s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如：baby-babies,2 ）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如： day-da

2、ys, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四） 以 o结尾加 s （外来词） 。 如： radios, photos, 但如是辅音加 o的加 es： 如: tomatoes西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es(s) 。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般

3、只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变， 既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察, class班，同学 , family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

4、 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish 鱼 fishes鱼的种类 , paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work 工作 works 作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light 光线 lights 灯, people人 peoples民族, time 时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如： IDs, VCDs, SARs 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - -

5、 - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 十二） 特殊形式的有： child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加 s。如： brother s, Mike s, teachers二）复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加 ，如果不是

6、以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节 , classmates; Childrens Day六一节 , Womens Day 三八节三）由 and并列的名词所有时， 如果是共同所有同一人或物时， 只加最后一个 s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间）， Mikes and Ben s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目人称代词 物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第

7、二人称单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dance

8、s, trains 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

9、 四）以 o 结尾加 es。如： does, goes 五）特殊的有： are-is, have-has B） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加 ing。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音 e的结尾的去掉 e再加 ing。如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,

10、practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing。如： tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。

11、构成如下：一）一般在词后加 er 或 est(如果是以 e 结尾则直接加 r 或 st)。 如： greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 (字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est 。如： big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三） 以辅音字母 y 结尾的变

12、y 为 i 加 er/est。如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况： (两好多坏，一少老远 ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - good/well -

13、 better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th；y 结尾，变为 i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; t

14、wenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法 句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词 ) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词 ) d) I can bring some things to school. ( 情态动词 ) e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定陈述句a) These aren t their books. b) The

15、y dont look nice.c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - -

16、 - - - - - - - - 否定祈使句 a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答 : a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant

17、. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句Is the table big or small? 回答 It s big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it?

18、 L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 What s the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下

19、载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - 问地方 Where s my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Who s that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are L

20、isa and Tim talking to? 问东西 What s this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11 问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My fa

21、mily names Smith.12 问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349. 16 问谓语 (动作) What s he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业 (身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.精品资料 -

22、 - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法 时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词： Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态动词： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the pian

23、o.行为动词： They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playi

24、ng baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music. 四、初一英语语法 介词用法 ：1) 具体时间前介词用at。. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。She goes to bed a

25、t eleven oclock. 她十一点睡觉。2) 表示“ 在早上，在下午，在晚上 ” 的短语中用介词 in，且定冠词 the 不能省略；表示“ 在中午，在夜里 ” 的短语中介词用 at，不加冠词。in the morning 在早上， in the afternoon 在下午， in the evening 在晚上at noon在中午， at night 在夜里3) 表示“ 在某天 ” 、“ 在某天的上午、下午等 ” 的短语用介词 on。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8

26、页 - - - - - - - - - - What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么？Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看 DVD 。Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。4)在 this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么？He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -