欧洲联盟50年-欧盟的形成与发展.pptx

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1、The European UnionTHE EUROPEAN UNION50 Years of Peace,Prosperity and Partnership欧洲联盟50年The European UnionCelebrating the European Union:A Half Century of Change and ProgressSince the creation of the EU half a century ago,Europe has enjoyed the longest period of peace in its history.European politica

2、l integration is unprecedented in history.EU enlargement has helped overcome the division of Europe contributing to peace,prosperity,and stability across the continent.A single market and a common currency conditions for companies and consumers.EU has united the citizens of Europe while preserving E

3、uropes diversity.European UnionUnited in diversityThe European UnionWhat is the European Union?Shared values:liberty,democracy,respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,and the rule of law.Largest economic body in the world.Worlds most successful model for advancing peace and democracy.A uni

4、que institution Member States voluntarily cede national sovereignty in many areas to carry out common policies and governance.Not a super-state to replace existing states,nor just an organization for international cooperation.Worlds most open market for goods and commodities from developing countrie

5、s.27730490millionMember StatesCombined population ofEU Member StatesPercent of worldspopulationPercent of global GDP55Percent of combinedworldwide OfficialDevelopment AssistanceThe European UnionEU InstitutionsEuropean Commission27 Commissioners,representing the European perspective,each responsible

6、 for a specific policy area.EUs executive branch proposes legislation,manages Unions day-to-day business and budget,and enforces rules.Negotiates trade agreements and manages Europes multilateral development cooperation.Council of the European UnionEUs main decision-making body,comprised of minister

7、s of 27 Member States,representing Member States point of view.Decides on foreign policy issues.Council presidency rotates among Member States every six months.European Commission President Jos Manuel BarrosoThe European UnionEU InstitutionsEuropean ParliamentVoice of European citizens members elect

8、ed for five-year terms.With the Council,passes EU laws and adopts EU budgets.Approves EU Commissioners.European Court of JusticeHighest EU judicial authority.Ensures all EU laws are interpreted and applied correctly and uniformly.Can act as an independent policy maker but unlike the U.S.Supreme Cour

9、t,the ECJ can only deal with matters covered by the Treaties.European Parliament in sessionThe European UnionEuropean Central BankThe European Central Bank(ECB)is the central bank for Europes single currency,the euro.The ECBs main task is to maintain the euros purchasing power and thus price stabili

10、ty in the euro area.The euro area comprises the 15 European Union countries that have introduced the euro since 1999.The ECB operates independently from Member State governments.The euro was introduced in 1999The European UnionUnited in Diversity-The uroThe European UnionThe uroIn 1999,the euro area

11、 was established as a currency in eleven of the then fifteen EU Member States.Of the 27 EU Member States today,fifteen have adopted the euro.One of the striking benefits of a single European currency are low interest rates due to a high degree of price stability.The euro is as stable and credible as

12、 the best-performing currencies previously used in the euro area countries.The European Union1951:In the aftermath of World War II,the aim was to secure peace among Europes victorious and vanquished nations and bring them together as equals,cooperating within shared institutions.Based on a plan by F

13、rench Foreign Minister Robert Schuman.Six founding countries Belgium,the Federal Republic of Germany,France,Italy,Luxembourg and the Netherlands signed a treaty to run heavy industries(coal and steel)under common management.European Coal and Steel CommunityJean Monnet and other leaders with the firs

14、t“European”ingot of steelThe European UnionTreaty of RomeThe six founding countries expanded cooperation to other economic sectors,creating the European Economic Community(EEC)or“common market.”As a result,people,goods,services,and capital today move freely across the Union.1957:Signing of the Treat

15、y of RomeThe European Union1951Founding Members BelgiumFranceGermanyItalyLuxembourgNetherlandsThe European Union1973 DenmarkIrelandUnited KingdomThe European Union1981 GreeceThe European Union1986 PortugalSpainThe European UnionNovember 1989Fall of theBerlin Wallsets thestage forunifyingEurope andEU

16、 enlargementThe European Union1995 AustriaFinlandSwedenThe European Union2004 CyprusCzech RepublicEstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMaltaPolandSlovakiaSloveniaThe European Union2007 BulgariaRomaniaThe European UnionCandidate Countries CroatiaFormer Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaTurkeyPotential Candidate

17、CountriesAlbaniaBosnia&HerzegovinaMontenegroSerbia including Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution 1244The European Union50 Years of EU IntegrationEnlargement has:Inspired reforms and consolidated common principles of liberty,democracy,respect for human rights,fundamental freedoms,the rule of

18、law,and market economy.Enhanced the EUs weight in the world and made it a stronger and more attractive international partner.“Enlargement has been a success story for the European Union and Europe as a whole.It has helped to overcome the division of Europe and contributed to peace and stability thro

19、ughout the continent.”European Council Declaration Dec.15,200619572007Member States627Population174 million493 millionLanguages423The European UnionThe EU is a global player.Its soft power promotes stability,prosperity,democracy and human rights,delivers concrete results in the fight to eradicate po

20、verty,and in achieving sustainable development.UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon,High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy Javier Solana,and EU Commissioner Benita Ferrero-WaldnerThe EU in the World The European UnionAddressing Global ChallengesPeace&SecurityWorks for global peac

21、e and security alongside the United States and multilateral organizations including NATO and the United Nations.Undertakes humanitarian and peacekeeping missions and has provided military forces for crisis management around the globe.Counterterrorism&Homeland SecurityTaken steps to improve intellige

22、nce sharing,enhance law enforcement and judicial cooperation,curtail terrorist financing.Boosts trade and transport security to support the struggle against terrorism.The European UnionDemocracy&Human RightsWorks globally for free elections and open democratic processes.Fights racism and intolerance

23、 at home and abroad.Campaigns globally against capital punishment.Development Assistance&Humanitarian ReliefThe EU and its Member States are the worlds largest aid donor,providing 55%of total official development assistance.Provides billions of dollars in humanitarian aid to more than 100 countries

24、in response to crises and natural disasters.Addressing Global ChallengesThe European UnionTradeEuropean Commission represents all 27 EU Member States before the World Trade Organization.Supports free trade and open markets,within the rules-based structure of the WTO,to promote growth and jobs in bot

25、h industrialized and developing countries.The worlds most open market for products and commodities from developing countries 40%of all EU imports are from developing countries.Addressing Global ChallengesThe European UnionEnvironmental ProtectionA leader in global efforts to protect the environment,

26、maintaining rigorous and comprehensive systems at home.Plays a key role in developing and implementing international agreements,such as the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change.Executing a“cap and trade”system to reduce greenhouse gas emissionsTakes the lead in the fight against global warming with the

27、adoption of binding energy targets(cutting 20%of the EUs greenhouse gas emissions by 2020).Addressing Global ChallengesSource:German Information Center USAThe European UnionThe European Union and the United States“Our strong friendship is essential to peace and prosperity around the globe.No tempora

28、ry debate,to passing disagreement among nations,no power on earth,will ever divide us.”President George W.Bush“The relationship between the United States and Europe is the worlds strongest,most comprehensive,and strategically important partnership.The United States,and a united Europe this is really

29、 the indispensable partnership.”President of theEuropean Commission Jos Manuel BarrosoThe European UnionPartners in Global LeadershipEU and U.S.work together to develop international standards:Fighting terrorism and transnational crimeAdvancing global trade liberalizationCombating piracy and intelle

30、ctual property violationsSpreading benefits of globalizationEU and its Member States are helping restore peace and stability in Afghanistan.EU and U.S.work together in the Middle East Quartet to advance the peace process.When the EU and U.S.agree,others tend to follow.EU Commissioner Benita Ferrero-

31、Waldner&U.S.Secretary of State Condoleezza RiceThe European UnionShared Values and ResponsibilitiesFreedom&DemocracySupport free elections,good governance,human rights,and the rule of law around the world.SecurityCooperate to fight terrorism,limit the spread of nuclear weapons,and work for global pe

32、ace.DevelopmentTogether,EU and U.S.provide 80%of global development assistance and an even larger share of global humanitarian aid in times of disaster and conflict.The European UnionA Dynamic Transatlantic EconomyEU and U.S.together account for 40%of total global trade(more than$1.5 billion in tran

33、satlantic trade every day).The$3 trillion EU-U.S.transatlantic economy employs 14 million workers on both sides of the Atlantic.In 2005,Europe accounted for roughly two-thirds of total global investment flows into the U.S.by far the most significant source of foreign investment in the U.S.economy.Th

34、e European UnionEuropean companies are the leading foreign investors in the U.S.The UK,Germany,France,and the Netherlands top four sources of jobs created by foreign investment in the United States.American companies invest far more in EU countries than in Asia.U.S.businesses make 5 times the profit

35、 in the Netherlands-alone-as they make in China.In 2005,EU investments in Texas alone surpassed all U.S.investments in China and Japan,combined.BMWs assembly plant is South Carolinaslargest private sector employer.The European UnionFuture of Transatlantic RelationsEU and U.S.face common challenges t

36、hat are global in origin and impact.With global challenges,come global responsibilities.EU and U.S.,with our shared values and common interests,are natural partners to give a lead in four key areas:Promote peace,human rights and democracy worldwide.Confront global challenges,including security and n

37、on-proliferation.Foster prosperity and opportunity.Advance strategic cooperation on energy security,climate change and sustainable development.The European Union“Since no single nation can efficiently and effectively deal with global challenges such as climate change,counterterrorism,non-proliferati

38、on,pandemics and natural disasters on its own,we commit ourselves to strengthening our cooperation to address these challenges.”EU-U.S.Summit DeclarationVienna,July 2006The European UnionEducation&ResearchEU and U.S.cooperate on science and technology education through:Exchange programsMore than 700 institutional partnershipsVocational trainingScholarship programsR&D cooperativesEU and U.S.provide joint or dual higher educational degree programs.EU funds Centers of Excellence at leading U.S.universities.EU supports R&D to increase Europes growth and global competitiveness.The European Union