高中英语专题复习cha.ppt

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1、 Chapter 1 Chapter 1：SB1(Units 12)名词写作导考17语法突破04返回目录语法突破语法突破名 词 1.可数与不可数 （1）名词概述 【精讲】不可数名词可数名词物质名词water;milk;tea个体名词professor;engineer;president抽象名词pleasure;information;surprise集体名词crew;company;cattle;family专有名词China;OPEC;UN返回目录语法突语法突破破 （2）可数名词变复数规则变化示 例一般名词在词尾加sprovinces;Germans以s,x,ch,sh,z结尾的加esgl

2、asses;watches;boxes;quizzes以辅音字母加o结尾的在其后加es；元音字母加o结尾的加sheroes;tomatoes;potatoes;zeroes;studios;bamboos;zoos;例外：photos;kilos;pianos;tobaccos以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为vesleafleaves;wolfwolves;knifeknives;lifelives;shelfshelves例外：proofproofs;roofroofs辅音字母加y结尾的把y改为i加es；元音字母加y结尾的直接在其后加sbabybabies;familyfamilies；v

3、ictoryvictories;playplays;keykeys返回目录语法突语法突破破不规则变化示 例只能作复数的名词：A.由两个部分构成的名词；B.ing结尾的名词gloves；goods；clothes;trousers;glasses;savings;earnings;belongings单复数同形的名词fish;spacecraft;means;Chinese部分有规则的名词foot(feet);tooth(teeth);goose(geese)Frenchman(Frenchmen);例外：boot(boots);German(Germans)合成词的复数：含有名词的合成词在名词

4、后加slooker(s)-on;father(s)-in-law;sister(s)-in-law单数和复数意思不同sight(视力)sights(名胜)；water(水)waters(水域)；custom(习惯)customs(海关)；spirit(精神)spirits(情绪)返回目录语法突语法突破破 【精练】（1）A group of and are eating and at the foot of the hill.（）A.sheep;deer;grass;leaves B.sheeps;deer;grasses;leaves C.sheep;deers;grass;leaf D.sh

5、eeps;deers;grass;leafs （2）Though our home was right in the center of the Tornado,there was fortunately.（）A.few damages B.few of damages C.little damage D.little of damage 解析 sheep,deer为单复数同形的名词，其数取决于其前的定语；leaf 的复数形式要改f为v再加上es。解析 damage作“损坏”解时是不可数名词，damages是“赔偿金”的意思。返回目录语法突语法突破破 （3）I need cloth,for I

6、m going to make clothes.（）A.a lot of;many B.much;much C.many;many D.many;a lot （4）She is the only one among the writers who stories for children.（）A.woman;writes B.women;write C.women;writes D.woman;write 解析 cloth作“布料”解时是不可数名词，表示“穿的衣服”时，clothes是可数名词。解析 “女作家们”是women writers,who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only on

7、e，是单数，所以用writes。返回目录语法突语法突破破 （5）food and equipment were kept in that care during the war time.（）A.Quite a few B.Large quantities C.A great deal of D.A large number of 2.名词的所有格 【精讲】解析 a great deal of后加不可数名词，food and equipment都是不可数名词。quite a few和a large number of后均接可数名词复数。有生命的名词非s结尾的名词（单数或复数）加“s”a man

8、s clothes以s结尾的加“”；如果是专有名词则加“s”a girls schoolMr.Joness house返回目录语法突语法突破破合成名词在最后加“s”anyone elses opinions多者共有在最后加“s”；各自拥有分别加“s”Tom and Mikes roomToms and Mikes rooms无生命的名词表时间、距离、量度、价格、国家、城市、天体的名词后加“s”todays paperHong Kongs future表示工业、工厂、机器、大学的名词后加“s”the machines design其他一般用ofthe top of tower；the legs

9、of the table介词to表示所有格the key to the lock；the solution to the problem返回目录语法突语法突破破 【精练】（1）Miss Smith is a friend of .（）A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother C.Mothers of Mary D.Mary mothers （2）Who did you spend last weekend with?.（）A.Palmers B.The Palmers C.The Palmers D.The Palmers 解析“玛丽的妈妈的一个朋友”a friend of

10、 Marys mothers。再如，“我的一个朋友”a friend of mine。解析 定冠词the加姓的复数表两夫妻或一家人。返回目录语法突语法突破破 （3）He dropped the and broke it.（）A.cup of coffee B.coffees cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup （4）It is walk from my home to school.（）A.one and a half hours B.one and a half hours C.one hour and a half D.one and a half hour

11、s （5）is developing these years.（）A.Chinese economy B.Chinas economy C.The economy of Chinese D.Chinas economic 解析 名词作定语的几种情况见语法讲解。解析 名词所有格形式，表示时间的名词的所有格应用s形式。此处指“一个半小时的路程”。解析 名词所有格作定语，表示所有关系。选项A则为形容词，表示特性，即具有中国特性的。返回目录语法突语法突破破 3.名词作定语 【精讲】表示地点、时间、材料、用途、类别等的名词用来作定语London airport;summer holiday;mother

12、 crocodile名词作定语用复数goods train;savings bank含有名词的合成词作定语名词用单数a five-pound noteman(woman)作定语修饰名词单数用单数，修饰复数用复数a man doctor;two women nurses名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别a woman servant(类别)；a womans servant(不同类)名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别gold chain 金表链；golden sunshine 金色的阳光返回目录语法突语法突破破 【精练】（1）is one of the largest airports in the

13、 world.（）A.Londons Airport B.London Airport C.The Airport of Londons D.The Londons Airport （2）Mike and Johns .（）A.father is a teacher B.fathers are teachers C.father are teachers D.fathers are teacher 解析 London Airport是专有名词，再如Beijing University。解析 这里表示Mike与John两个人共同的父亲，所以应该选A答案。返回目录语法突语法突破破 （3）A ban

14、k is a bank where people can have their money in store conveniently.（）A.saving B.saved C.savings D.savings （4）Another bridge is to be built over the river.（）A.2000-meters-long B.2000-meter-long C.2000 meter long D.2000 meters long 解析 savings bank 意为“储蓄银行”，其他搭配均错误。解析 用来作定语的合成词，其中的名词要用单数。返回目录语法突语法突破破

15、（5）Yesterday we called at .（）A.my uncle B.a friend of my uncles C.aunt D.Marys sisters 解析 call at后接地点，Marys sisters是“玛丽的姐姐家”之意，再如：the doctors医务室。返回目录写作导考写作导考口头通知 1.写作指导 通知的目的是使被通知对象知道发生的事情或将要发生的事情。通知有口头通知和书面通知两种。口头通知和平时讲话一样，但要有开场白，如：Ladies and gentlemen,may I have your attention,please?Boys and girl

16、s.Attention,please.I have a piece of news to tell you.Be quiet,please.I have something important to tell you.结束时还可以有一些客套语，如：Thats all,thank you.So much for this,thank you.Any questions?返回目录写作导考写作导考 2.写作模板 3.范文背诵 写一则口头通知：假如你是某外国语学校的广播员，请根据以下提示用英语写一则口头通知，词数80左右。通知包括以下内容：（1）根据早上收音机的天气预报，今晚有大雨，要求学生们离开教室

17、时关好门窗。Ladies and Gentlemen:May I have you attention,please?I have something important to tell you.There is going to be_（通知内容）.Thats all,thank you.返回目录写作导考写作导考 （2）原计划明天举行的运动会推迟，天气转晴时另行通知，明天照常上星期三的课。（3）明天较冷，同学们要及时加衣服，骑车上学的同学不要打伞骑车（open an umbrella）。One possible version：Boys and girls,Attention,please!

18、Weve received the weather forecast over the radio this morning that there will be a heavy rain tonight.Be sure to shut the windows and the doors when you leave your classroom.The sports meet which we planned to hold tomorrow will be put off.After it becomes fine,well fix the time of the meet.We will have classes of返回目录写作导考写作导考Wednesday as usual.Since it is colder tomorrow,please put on more clothes in time.Those who come to school by bike dont keep your umbrella open while you are riding.Thats all.Thank you!