高中英语语法(虚拟语气).ppt

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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气1什么是虚拟语气语气分陈述语气、祁使语气、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！2一在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。表示对现在情况的虚拟：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+动词过去式或动词过去式或 were表示对过去情况的虚拟：表示对过去情

2、况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+had+过去分词或过去分词或would,could,might+现在完成时现在完成时表示对将来情况的虚拟：表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+would+动词原形。动词原形。31.对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：wish+主语主语+动词过去式或动词过去式或 were()Iwish(that可省略,下同)Iknewtheanswertothequestion.()Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.()IwishIwereabird.()NowthatheisinChina,hewishesheun

3、derstoodChinese.()Whenwebeginthetrip,theywillwishtheywerewithus.42.对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：wish+主语主语+had done 或或would/could/might+have done(1)Iwish(that可省略)Ihadntwastedsomuchtime.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)(2)Hewisheshehadntlostthechance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)(3)Wewishedhehadspokentous.(事实上他并没同我们讲)(4)Iwishyouhadc

4、alledearlier.(事实上已迟了)例题分析：I wish I _ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept 选APeter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in collegeA.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study 答案为C。表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过

5、去完成时.53.对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：wish+主语主语+would+动词原形动词原形(1)Iwishitwouldstopraining.我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)(2)Iwishyouwouldbequiet.我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)(3)Youwishedshewouldarrivethenextday.你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)(4)Iwishshewouldchangehermind.我希望她会改变主意。(女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)6二在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含

6、说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide,order表示“主张”的：maintain,urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent,insist7 其结构：其结构：order,suggest,

7、propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+.(should)do 1.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.2.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.3.Wesuggestthatstudents(should)spendtwoorthreeyearsinanEnglish-speakingcountry.(我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)5.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnext

8、week.8三、条件句的虚拟语气条件句分真实条件句和非真实条件句(与事实相反或很难实现)IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,IwillgotoJapan.Oilfloatsifyoupouritonwater.非真实条件句都用虚拟语气9从句从句主句主句与现在与现在事实相事实相反反If sb.+动词过去式动词过去式 （be过去式用过去式用were）should/would/could/might+do与过去与过去事实相事实相反反If sb.+had doneshould/would/could/might+have done与将来与将来事实相事实相反反If sb.+动词过去式动

9、词过去式 （be过去式用过去式用were）should/would/could/might+do101.IfIknewFrench,Iwouldreadthebook.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.2.IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shewouldhavecomeifshehadntbeensobusy.3.Youmightbelateifyouwentonfoot.Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?11例题：Ifabettermaterial_,the

10、strengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.beingusedD.using（正确答案为A。）Hadtheweatherbeengood,thechildren_outforawalk.A.hadgoneB.couldhavegoneC.wouldgoD.went（答案B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were,had,should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。）12条件从句中如果有条件从句中如果有were,had,should,could，有时可把，有时可把if省略并将这些词放主句省略并将

11、这些词放主句前面前面（1)原句：Ifshewereyounger,shewoulddoit.去If：Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.(把动词were移到主语she的前面)（2)原句：Ifhehadtriedit,hecouldhavedoneit.去If：Hadhetriedit,hecouldhavedoneit.(把had移到主语he的前面)（3)Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.（4)Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.（5)WereIinyourpla

12、ce,Iwouldntdothat.（6)HadIseenthefilm,Iwouldhavediscusseditwiththemlastnight.假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。（7)WereIabird,Icouldflyfreely.假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。（8)Shoulditrainnextweekthefarmerswouldhaveagoodharvest.要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained 答案B。真实条件句真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。13