高考英语一轮复习名词性从句.ppt

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1、目录目录专题一 正反解读冠词专题二 正反解读名词专题三 正反解读代词专题四 正反解读形容词、副词专题五 正反解读介词专题六 正反解读动词和动词短语专题七 正反解读非谓语动词专题八 正反解读情态动词和虚拟语气专题九 正反解读动词的时态、语态专题十 正反解读定语从句专题十一 正反解读名词性从句专题十二 正反解读状语从句专题十三 正反解读特殊句式专题十四 正反解读主谓一致与数词【人教课标版人教课标版】高考英语一轮复习精品课件高考英语一轮复习精品课件 语法专题语法专题语语法法专专题题专题十一专题十一 正反解读名词性从句正反解读名词性从句专题十一专题十一 考点荟萃考点荟萃考点荟萃 名名词性性从从句句一一

2、直直备受受高高考考命命题者者的的关关注注，近近几几年年来来的的高高考考题主主要要考考查在在具具体体语境境中中连接接词的的选择，尤尤其其是是连接接词what和和that的的辨辨析析，以以及及whether 与与if表表示示“是是否否”时的的区区别。因因此此，正正确确区区分分名名词性性从从句句的的类型型，根根据据在在从从句句中中的的作作用用和和所所表表达达的的意意义，确确定定恰恰当当的的连接接词是是一一轮复复习的的重重点点。此此外外，名名词性性从从句句和和定定语从从句句的的辨辨析析，也是高考考也是高考考查的重点。的重点。一、认识各种名词性从句一、认识各种名词性从句 名名词词性性从从句句相相当当于于

3、名名词词，可可分分别别作作句句子子的的主主语语、表表语语、宾宾语语和和同同位位语语。因因此此，名名词词性性从从句句具具体体分分为为主主语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句、宾宾语语从从句句和和同同位位语语从从句句。名名词词性性从从句句中中的的连连接接词词有有连连词词that that/whether whether/ifif，连连接接代代词词what what/who(m)/who(m)/which which/whose whose/whatever whatever/whoever whoever/whomever whomever/whicheverwhichever，连连接接副副词词wher

4、e where/when when/why why/how how。专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读正面解读 从从名名词性性从从句句在在句句中中所所起起的的作作用用来来说，名名词性性从从句句是是句句子子不不可可缺缺少少的的一一部部分分，和和句句子子的的其其他他成成分分之之间也也不不会会用用逗逗号号隔隔开开。而而定定语从从句句和和状状语从从句句是是句句子子中中的的修修饰成成分分，去去掉掉之之后后不不会会影影响响句句子子主主体体结构构的的完完整整性性。这是是判判断断是是否否是名是名词性从句最主要的特征。如：性从句最主要的特征。如：I wonder how much these shoes cos

5、t.(宾语从句，不可省去从句，不可省去)He is the very man I look after.(定定语从句，修从句，修饰the man)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.(状状语从句从句)专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读1 主主语从句从句Who will go is not important.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.(形式主形式主语it代替后面的真正的主代替后面的真正的主语从句从句)注意：注意：that引引导主主语从句放于句首

6、从句放于句首时，不能省略。，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.2 表表语从句从句The question was who could go there.My idea is that we can get more people to help in the work.That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.It looked as if it was going to rain.专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读3.宾语从句从句I hope(that)eve

7、rything is all right.注注意意：(1)that在在引引导宾语从从句句时，常常可可省省略略，但但如如果果有有两两个个以以上上的的宾语从从句句时，最最后后一一个个从从句句的的that不不能能省省略略。如：如：I know(that)he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job.(2)如如果果动词宾语后后又又有有补语，那那么么要要使使用用it作作形形式式宾语，然后把然后把宾语从句放在从句放在补语之后。如：之后。如：I make it known that well be invited to

8、 the ball.专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读(3)如如果果主主句句的的谓语动词的的时态是是一一般般过去去时，那那么么从从句句的的时态要要采采用用相相应的的与与过去去有有关关的的时态，但但如如果果从从句句描描述述的是客的是客观事事实，从句，从句时态不可不可调整整“呼呼应”。如：。如：She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate.Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.4 同位同位语从句从句同同位位语从从句句在在句句中中作作某某一一名名词的的

9、同同位位语，一一般般位位于于该名名词(如如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等等)之之后后，说明明该名名词的具体内容。如：的具体内容。如：I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读注意：注意：在在动词：一一坚持持(insist)、二二命命令令(order，command)、三三 建建 议(suggest，advise，recommend)、四四 要要 求求(demand，requi

10、re，request，ask)后后的的宾语从从句句和和这些些动词的的过去去分分词后后的的主主语从从句句，以以及及这些些动词的的名名词引引出出 的的 表表 语 从从 句句 和和 同同 位位 语 从从 句句 中中，谓 语 部部 分分 常常 用用(should)do形式。如：形式。如：He insisted that he(should)try once again.His advice is that everyone(should)do his best to help the poor girl.It is required that students(should)attend at lea

11、st 90%of the lectures.专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读二、名词性从句的连接词二、名词性从句的连接词 名名词性性从从句句的的连接接词是是名名词性性从从句句中中最最核核心心的的问题，也也是是高高考考的的常常考考点点。连接接词的的选择要要考考虑它它在在从从句句中中的的作用和所表达的意作用和所表达的意义。专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读连接词连接词词义词义在句中所在句中所例句例句作成分作成分从从属属连连词词that/The problem is that we dont haveenough money.if/whether是否是否/The

12、question is whether they have so much money.专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读连接词连接词词义词义在句中所在句中所例句例句作成分作成分连连接接代代词词who/whom/which/whose/what原疑问代词的意义；原疑问代词的意义；what更常表示：更常表示：the thing that /the that 所所的东的东西西/主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、定语Pay attention to what the teacher said.Who kept the door open all night was unknown.whoeve

13、r/whomever/whichever/whatever 无论谁无论谁/无论哪个无论哪个(些些)/无论什么无论什么主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、定语Whoever breaks the law will be punished.You can take whichever book you like.专题十一专题十一 正面解读正面解读连接词连接词词义词义在句中在句中所作成所作成分分例句例句连连接接副副词词when/where/why/how 原疑问副词的意义或原疑问副词的意义或“的时间的时间(the time when)；的地点的地点(the place where)；的原的原因因

14、(the reason why)”；的方式的方式(the way that)状语状语When he will go is unknown.I wonder why he tried to avoid me.This room is where I was born.This is how we work.1 what与与that(1)【误误】All what he did was for you.【正正】What he did was for you.【正正】All that he did was for you.(2)【误误】I was thinking that I could do fo

15、r you.【正正】I was thinking what I could do for you.【解解析析】what引引导名名词性性从从句句，what相相当当于于the thing that/the that/all that等等，具具体体的的意意义要要根根据据上上下下文文确确定定。在在名名词性性从从句句中中，what既既有有意意义，又又在在从从句句中中作作一一定的成分，而定的成分，而that无意无意义，且在从句中不作成分。，且在从句中不作成分。专题十一专题十一 反面解读反面解读反面解读2 who与与 whoever【误误】Who is the first to come will get

16、a gift.【正正】Whoever is the first to come will get a gift.【正正】Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift.【解解析析】whoever引引导名名词性性从从句句，意意为“无无论谁”，相相当于当于anyone who；而；而who意意为“谁”。3 whether与与if(1)【误误】They dont know if to go there.【正正】They dont know whether to go there.(2)【误误】It depends on if we have enoug

17、h time.【正正】It depends on whether we have enough time.【解析解析】在以下情况只能用在以下情况只能用whether不能用不能用if：专题十一专题十一 反面解读反面解读 作介作介词宾语时，连接接词一般用一般用whether。It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟后面直接跟or not 时，用，用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主主语从句、表从句、表语从句和同位从句和同位语从句中，只能用从句中，只能

18、用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much time.whether可与可与动词不定式不定式连用，但用，但if不能。不能。I have not decided whether to go or not.whether可可引引导一一个个让步步状状语从从句句，表表示示“不不管管，无无论”，而而if不能。不能。Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time.专

19、题十一专题十一 反面解读反面解读4 whoever 与与whomever【误误】Please give the book to whomever needs it most.【正正】Please give the book to whoever needs it most.【解解析析】此此处，whoever在在从从句句中中作作主主语，因因此此不不能能用用whomever。名名词性性从从句句引引导词的的选择要要注注意意其其意意义及及它它在从句中所作的成分。在从句中所作的成分。5【误误】He will win the match is certain.【正正】That he will win th

20、e match is certain.【正正】It is certain that he will win the match.【解析解析】that位于句首引位于句首引导主主语从句从句时，不能省略。，不能省略。专题十一专题十一 反面解读反面解读6【误误】What we bought was some bananas.【正正】What we bought were some bananas.【解解析析】what 引引导的的从从句句作作主主语时，若若表表示示复复数数概概念念，谓语动词则用复数。用复数。7 名名词性从句的性从句的语序序【误误】So now you know what should y

21、ou do.【正正】So now you know what you should do.【解析解析】名名词性从句性从句应用用陈述述语序。序。专题十一专题十一 反面解读反面解读8【误误】Theres a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.【正正】Its a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.【解解析析】It is a fact that句句型型中中，It为形形式式主主语，真真正正的主的主语为后面的后面的that从句。从句

22、。it不能不能换成成there。9【误误】He is late.Thats why he got up late this morning.【正正】He is late.Thats because he got up late this morning.【解解析析】Thats why的的原原因因；Thats because 那那是是因因为此此处起起床床晚晚是是迟到到的的原原因因，故故用用Thats because专题十一专题十一 反面解读反面解读10【误误】Well discuss the problem that the sports meeting will be held in Beij

23、ing Stadium.【正正】Well discuss the problem when/whether the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium.【解解析析】如如果果用用that引引导同同位位语从从句句意意义不不完完整整，这时可根据情况可根据情况选用用whether,when等。等。专题十一专题十一 反面解读反面解读12010全全国国卷卷 We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhere【解析解析】

24、D where引引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状从句，在从句中作地点状语。22009北北京京卷卷 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any better.Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dif【解析解析】D考考查宾语从句的引从句的引导词的的选择。句句意意为：最最初初他他不不喜喜欢这份份新新工工作作，但但是是他他决决定定给自自己己几几个个月月的的时间来来看看一一下下这份份工工作作是是否否会会变得得更更好好。所所以以用用if引引导宾语从句。从句。专题十一专题十一

25、实战演练实战演练实战演练3 2010全国卷全国卷 Have you finished the book?No.Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere【解解析析】D考考查宾语从从句句连接接词。答答句句句句意意为：我我已已经读到到孩孩子子们发现神神秘秘洞洞穴穴的的部部分分。where引引导的的从从句句充充当当up to的的宾语，强调地点概念。地点概念。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练4 2010福福建建卷卷 We should respect food and think a

26、bout the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether【解解析析】C考考查引引导词。句句意意为：我我们应该尊尊重重食食物物，考考虑那那些些没没有有我我们拥有有的的东西西并并很很好好地地对待待食食物物的的人人们。who引引导的的定定语从从句句修修饰the people，定定语从从句句中中又又含含有有一一个个宾语从从句句，这个个宾语从从句句中中we have 缺缺少少宾语，所所以用以用what引引导宾语从句。从句。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练5_ the fl

27、ight to New York will be delayed is _Im especially worried about.AIf;what BWhether;thatCWhen;that DWhether;what【解解析析】D句句意意为：到到纽约的的航航班班是是否否会会被被耽耽搁是是我我特特别担担心心的的事事情情。放放在在句句首首的的主主语从从句句表表“是是否否”要要用用whether引引导，而而不不能能用用if，what引引导表表语从从句句。表表示示所所担心的事情。担心的事情。选D。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练6 2010重重庆卷卷 To improve the qualit

28、y of our products，we asked for suggestions _ had used the products.Awhoever BwhoCwhichever Dwhich【解解析析】A考考查宾语从从句句引引导词。句句意意为：为了了提提高高产品品的的质量量，我我们向向任任何何使使用用过我我们产品品的的人人征征求求意意见。这里里可可以以表表示示“任任何何人人”的的只只有有whoever，引引导宾语从从句句，在在从从句句中中作作主主语。正正常常语序序应为asked whoever had used the products for suggestions。专题十一专题十一 实

29、战演练实战演练7 2010北北 京京 卷卷 _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.AWhether BWhat CThat DHow【解解析析】B本本题考考查主主语从从句句的的引引导词。在在主主语从从句句_some people regard as a drawback中中，regard缺缺少少宾语，选B。8.2010北北京京卷卷 I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside.Awho Bwhere Cwhat Dhow【解解析析】C本本题考考查名名词性

30、性从从句句的的引引导词。for后后跟跟宾语从从句句，从从句句中中am后后缺缺少少表表语，故故用用what，相相当当于于一一个个名名词加加that。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练92010北北京京卷卷 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dwhether【解解析析】B本本题考考查表表语从从句句的的引引导词。当当the reason作主作主语，后面接

31、表，后面接表语从句从句时，习惯上用上用that来来连接。接。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练10 Mum is coming.What present_ for your birthday?Ayou expect she has gotByou expect has she gotCdo you expect she has gotDdo you expect has she got【解解析析】C 考考查双双重重疑疑问句句，疑疑问词do you think/believe/expect句句子子的的其其他他成成分分(句句子子用用陈述述句句语序序)。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练11Peop

32、le believe that there is no doubt _a cure for H1N1 has been found.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether【解解析析】B考考查同同位位语从从句句。There is no doubt that为固定句型，固定句型，that在从句中不充当成分。在从句中不充当成分。122010江江苏卷卷 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats _ I dont agree.You should have a more acti

33、ve life.Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhat【解解析析】A本本题考考查名名词性性从从句句。where引引导表表语从从句句，在从句中作地点状在从句中作地点状语。注意。注意agree是不及物是不及物动词。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练13 Father made a promise _I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.Athat Bif Cwhether Dthat if【解解析析】Dthat引引导同同位位语从从句句。在在同同位位语从从句句中中又又含有一个由含有一个由if引引导的条件状的条件状语

34、从句。从句。14_ children should learn from around us is a question of great importance.AWhere BWhom CWhen DHow【解解析析】B考考查对句句式式和和引引导词的的判判断断能能力力。分分析析句句子子结构构可可排排除除A、C、D，也也可可根根据据句句意意“孩孩子子们该向向谁学学习”得知答案。得知答案。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练15Alice looks blue today.Yes,I asked her,but she wouldnt say _ troubled her.Awhy was it

35、that Bthat was why Cit was what Dwhat it was that【解解析析】D考考查宾语从从句句的的语序序和和强调句句型型。句句意意为：“爱丽丝今今天天显得得沮沮丧。”“是是的的，我我问她她为何何，她她没没说究究竟是什么竟是什么让她她伤心。心。”专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练162010浙浙江江卷卷 How about camping this weekend，just for a change?OK，_you want.Awhichever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever【解解析析】C句句意意：“这个个周周末末野野营怎怎么么样，来来

36、点点新新鲜的的？”“好好啊啊，按按你你的的意意思思吧吧！”答答语中中谓语动词want缺缺少少宾语，排排除除B、D项；whichever需需要要在在语境境中中给出出具具体体范范围，所以排除，所以排除A项。whatever等于等于anything that。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练172010陕西西卷卷 It never occurred to me _you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif【解解析析】C本本题考考查名名词性性从从句句中中的的主主语从从句句。It 为形形式式

37、主主语，真真正正的的主主语从从句句中中不不缺缺任任何何成成分分，根根据据句句子子意思，只需要用意思，只需要用that 连接。接。182010四四川川卷卷 How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives.Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy【解解析析】B考考查连词词义辨辨析析。宾语从从句句中中with缺缺少少宾语，whether his friends or relatives暗暗示示缺缺少少的的是是指指人人的的宾语。专题十一专题十

38、一 实战演练实战演练19 You know,Im poor in Chinese;you are not good at English,and Thats _ we should help each other.Awhen Bwhere Chow Dthat【解析解析】B考考查名名词性从句。性从句。where引引导的从句作表的从句作表语，where意意为“的地方的地方”。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练20The free tickets will go to _ comes first to the concert.Awhoever BwhomeverCwhichever Dno matter who【解析解析】A本本题考考查名名词性从句。性从句。题干干句句子子空空白白处用用whoever连接接宾语从从句句同同时在在宾语从从句句中中作作主主语，指指人人。句句意意为：免免费票票将将送送给第第一一个个来来听听音音乐会会的的听听众众，不不管管他他是是谁。注注意意no matter who只能引只能引导状状语从句，不能从句，不能连接名接名词性从句。性从句。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练