雅思流程图和地图.pptx

《雅思流程图和地图.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《雅思流程图和地图.pptx（94页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、流程图写作要点分清有几个图-分段:总分总先写总起句,找到每个步骤和起点-箭头数字按时间或步骤顺序-使用适当连接词具体描述每个步骤名词不懂看图，抄到文中作主语动词不懂加ed，用被动语态时态多为一般现在时第1页/共95页Introduction-首段转述题目句型1.The diagram/flowchart/map(given)shows/illustrates/indicates/denotes2.From the information supplied/given in the diagram/flowchart/map,it is clear/evident/apparent that第2

2、页/共95页stages-连接词按时间顺序/步骤to begin with/at first/initially/in the first stageThe first stage involvesthen/next/later/after this/subsequentlysecondly/in the following stage/stepThe next/following stage includesFinally/eventually/at the last stageThe last stage contains具体描述某个步骤at this point/stage/phasea

3、t the same time/momentmeanwhile/while第3页/共95页WRITING TASK 1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustry.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the mainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150word

4、s.第4页/共95页第5页/共95页Theprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrycanbeoutlinedinsevenconsecutivesteps.Firsttherawmaterial,clay,which was just below the surfaceof soil in certainclay-rich areas hastobedugupbyadigger.第6页/共95页Thenthelumpsofclayareplacedonametalgridinordertobreakupthebigchu

5、nksofclayintomuchsmallerareas,whichfallthrough themetal grid onto a roller,whose motion further segregates the bits ofclay.Sandandwaterareaddedtomakeahomogenousmixture,whichis then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces bymeansofawirecutter.第7页/共95页Thosefreshbricksarethenkeptinadryi

6、ngovenforatleast24andamaximum of 48 hours,several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at atime.Thedriedbricksarethentransferredtoaso-calledkiln,anothertype of high temperature oven.First they are kept at a moderatetemperature of 200-1300 .This process is followed by coolingdown the finished bricks for

7、48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.第8页/共95页Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard,they getpackagedanddeliveredtotheirfinaldestination.第9页/共95页巧克力制作流程图特点：史上图片最多的流程图分段分组描述，不能每张图片写一段除了文字信息之外的细节描写：果实颜色变化：几个颜色，几次变化？温度数字第10页/共95页WRITING TASK 1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Theillus

8、trationsshowhowchocolateisproduced.Summariestheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.Writeatleast150words.第11页/共95页第12页/共95页巧克力制作流程图The diagrams explain the different stages in the process of makingchocolate.【所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时。流程图必备三个词：process：整个过程,stage：阶段/step：步骤】Chocolate comes from

9、the cacao tree,which is growing in parts ofSouth America,Africa and Indonesia.The tree produces large redpodswhichcontainwhitecocoabeans.第13页/共95页Firstly,when the pods are ripe,they are harvested,the beans areremovedandtheyarefermentedforseveraldaysinlargewoodenboxes.Duringthefermentingprocess,thebe

10、ansturnbrown.（概括前三幅图）要适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的的一些细节内容，否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度，千万不要加上自己的主观观点，否则会扣分第14页/共95页Next,thebrownbeansarespreadinthesuntodry.（四）Theyarethenputinlargesacksandtransportedbytrainorlorry.（五，六）Afterthis,thebeansaretakentoachocolatefactorywheretheyareroastedinanovenattemperaturesofbet

11、ween250and350degreeCelsius.（七，八）After being roasted,the beans are crushed and the outer shell isremoved.The outer part is not needed for making chocolate.（九）Finally,the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate isproduced.第15页/共95页流程图附加练习第16页/共95页The diagram showshowfreshfruitiscanned.F

12、irstthefruitispickedfromtreesbyhand.Itis thentransportedtothe canneryby large trucks.At the cannerythe fruit is washed andquality checked,and any poor quality fruit is rejected.The goodqualityfruitisputintocoldstorage.When it is ready for canning the fruit is weighed and graded.Thegradingensuresthat

13、fruitofsimilarsizeiskepttogether.第17页/共95页After this the fruit is peeled and the cores are removed.It is thenslicedintotherequiredsizesandputintocans.Juiceorsyrupisalsoaddedtothecans.Once the cans have been filledtheyaresealedandcookedoverheattoensurethatthecansaresterilized.When the cans are cool,a

14、labelisattachedandtheyareplacedintostorage.The canned fruit is now ready to be dispatched to supermarkets andsold.第18页/共95页You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process,and how cement is used to produce concrete for

15、building purposes.第19页/共95页第20页/共95页The first diagram indicates the stagesandequipmentintheprocessofmaking cement,and the second oneillustrateshowcementandothermaterialsaremixedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.The first step is to put limestone andclay on two different conveyors.Then,thesetwotyp

16、esofmaterialsarepressed into the crusher which breaksthem into powder.After that,thepowder is poured into a mixer,andthen mixtures are transmitted into arotating heater which works with heat.Then a band carrier leads the heatedpowdertoagrinderwherethecementcomes out.Finally,cement is packedintobags,

17、andtheprocessisfinished.第21页/共95页Concrete production is much more simple.Four different kinds ofmaterials are needed indifferent proportion.Gravel accountsforthelargest part,at 50%,followed by sand,which is 25%.Cement andwater contributes 15%and 10%respectively.The four materials arethen mixed and p

18、oured into a concrete mixer and after a period ofwhirling,concreteisproduced.第22页/共95页You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagram below shows the method of obtaining water outdoors.You should write at least 150 words.第23页/共95页第24页/共95页The chart describes how water isobtainedoutdoors.A

19、ccordingtothechart,thefirststepof obtaining water outdoors is tofindahole/dent/pitonthegroundwith green plants growing on thebottompartofit.Next,removethegreenplantsinthemiddle(视觉化能力)andputacontainerthere.Then,cover the hole with a plastic sheetandplacetwostonesonbothendsof it to secure its position

20、.A thirdstone is laid in the middle of theplasticsheetsothatthemiddlepartismadethelowestpart.第25页/共95页When the sun shines on the green plants in the hole,waterevaporates from these plants.The vapor rises up and then coolsdowntoformwaterdropsontheplasticsheet.Whenthereismoreand more water,it flows al

21、ong the sheet to accumulate on thelowest part.Finally,water falls down into the container directlyunder the middle stone.Thus,water is collected successfullythroughevaporationfromgreenplants.第26页/共95页You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagram below shows the process of glass recyclin

22、g.You should write at least 150 words.第27页/共95页第28页/共95页Thisdiagramillustratestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.Thewhole process is a cycle which can be divided into three mainstages.In the first stage,used bottles are collected at a recycling pointready to be transported by a truck.The second stage

23、 starts in acleaning plant,where these recycled bottles are sorted by colorinto green,brown and clear ones and washed by high-pressurewater.第29页/共95页When the cleaning is done,the bottles are conveyed to a glassfactorywheretheyarecutintoglasspieceswhicharethenpouredinto a furnace.After being heated i

24、n the furnace,the brokenglassesaremeltedintoliquid,whichflowsintoaglassmold.Herenew liquid glass from other sources is added and the moldingprocesstakesplace.第30页/共95页In the finalstage,new,empty bottles are filled,then packed anddespatched tothesupermarket ready tobepicked byconsumers.At this point,

25、a cycle has been completed and a new cycle willbegin.第31页/共95页运作描写第32页/共95页This diagram provides an overview of a domestic central heatingsystem.It shows how the tank,boiler and pipes ensure a constantflowofhotwatertoboththeradiatorsandthetaps.Thecold waterentersthehouseandisstoredinawaterstoragetan

26、kin the roof.From there it flows down to the boiler,located on thegroundfloorofthehouse.第33页/共95页The boiler,which is fuelled by gas or oil,heats up the water as itpasses through it.The hot water is then pumped round the housethrough a system of pipes and flows into the radiators,located indifferent

27、rooms.The water circulates through the radiators,whichhave small tubes inside them to help distribute the heat,and thiswarmseachoftherooms.Someofthewaterisdirectedtothetapstoprovidehotwaterforthehouse.第34页/共95页Once the water has been through the pipes and radiators,it isreturnedtotheboilertobere-hea

28、tedandcirculatedroundthehouseagain.第35页/共95页You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagrams below show some principles of house design for cool and for warm climates.You should write at least 150 words.第36页/共95页第37页/共95页As is displayed in the flow chart,theprinciples of insulation in coo

29、l andwarm climate respectively differ to alargeextent.As to the situation of cool climate,weadopt the high-angled roof in order tobe nearly parallel with the direction ofthesunsothatthedirectexpositiontotheheatof sunislessenedasmuchaswecan.Bythis,thetemperature ofthematerialwontfluctuatewithinalarge

30、range.Meanwhile,thermal(保 温 的)building material could enhance theheatstorageinsulation,preventingoutflow,thusreductionofheat.第38页/共95页Adversely,inwarmclimate,reflectivebuildingmaterialisindispensable with overhands(自上而下)for shade.The direction ofthe roof is almost vertical to the direction of the su

31、n to lead toexternal insulation reflection.By this,ventilation would result in theremovalofheatstorageratherthanreduction.Throughthedifferentworkingprinciplesofventilation(通风),wearefascinatedbythemasterpiecesofmodernscienceandtechnology.第39页/共95页You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The dia

32、gram shows how organic waste is recycled to produce garden fertilizer.You should write at least 150 words.第40页/共95页第41页/共95页As is shown in the flow chart,the process of recycling organic waste toproducecompostisreallyacomplexone.The whole process can be categorized into five stages.First of all,prep

33、are a plastic container which has four holes for ventilating the air.Thereisarulewhenputtingwasteintothecontainer,foodatthebottomwithin15centimetershigh,grassatthemiddleandnewspaperatthetopwithin 15 centimeters high altogether,in order to make a optimumenvironmentfordifferentbacteriareproducing.第42页

34、/共95页Inthefollowingstage,wecanwitnessnitrogen(氮)andwaterbeingputintothecontainer.Whats worthmentioningisthatwaterisonlyadded in a hot weather.Next,heat the waste and let the bacteriareproduce fastly,with which the organic waste can be decomposedandbecomegardenfertiliserafter6months.Subsequently,weca

35、ncarrythecompost(堆肥)outandmoveittothegarden,andthusanewrecyclingcanbegin.第43页/共95页第44页/共95页考官范文 图一Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.（分段开场）Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothand it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva thatfeeds on mulberry leaves.T

36、his stage lasts for up to six weeks untilthe larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.After aperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.第45页/共95页考官范文 图二The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silkcloth.（总 括 句）Once s

37、elected,they are boiled in water and thethreads can be separated in the unwinding stage.Each thread isbetween 300 and 900 meters long,which means they can be twistedtogether,dyedand thenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.第46页/共95页考官范文 结论Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeuse

38、dtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.第47页/共95页高分范文 另一则paraphrasing and regrouping Asisdisplayedinthefirstdiagram,thelifecycle of the silkworm can be categorizedinto4mainstages.（开场句）First,thelifeofthesilkwormstartsfromeggspropagated by the moth,and it takes 10days for each egg to become a sil

39、kwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberry leaves.Silkwormlarvacontinuestogrowin4to6weeks,thenwrapsitselfwithsilkthreadtoconstruct a cocoon in the next 3 to 8weeks.A mothwill beproduced from thecocoon in 16 days.The life cycle beginsagainfromthenon.第48页/共95页Focusingontheseconddiagram,itillustratesthe5mainstepsof

40、theprocedurefor producing silk cloth.Well generatedcocoons will be selected firstly.Before thesilkthreadcanbeunwound,cocoonshavetobe boiled in hot water.One cocoon cangenerateapproximately300to900metresofsilkthread.Theunwoundthreadwillbedyedafterwardstobeweavedintosilkcloth.Overall,the two diagrams

41、reveal that thecocoon stage in the life cycle of thesilkworm can be used to make silk cloththrough5simplesteps.第49页/共95页较难的流程图You should spend at least 20 minutes onthistask.Write a report for a university lecturerdescribing the information in the geneticengineeringprocesschartbelow.Youshouldwriteat

42、least150words.第50页/共95页第51页/共95页开场段写作练习:This diagram displays the constituent elements of a cell and howthegeneticinformationwithinacell,whichisstoredintheformofchromosomes(染 色 体),can be transferred to a new cell to complete the process ofgeneticengineering.第52页/共95页To begin the genetic engineering

43、process,first of all，genesare identified along chromosome strands,which can be found in the nucleus of a cell.In the next stage/step,particular genesare isolated by geneticengineersandare thenbiochemically cut outof their chromosomalstrings.第53页/共95页Following this,in the next stage,the separated gen

44、eis then attached to a vector,which enables the gene to enter a new cell.This combination of genetic information from one cell kind toanotheris the essence of the genetic engineering process.第54页/共95页Finally,as the process in the diagram indicates,when the regenerated cells of a particular plant spe

45、cies are allowed to grow,the plants will show properties of the genetic feature,which has been borrowed from another species cells.第55页/共95页地图题地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。地理变迁题，它描述的是一个地方（多为一个城镇）在一段时间的发展变化。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化

46、，可用现完成时。地图题用被动语态较多。第56页/共95页地图题的特点空间方位：描写顺序：layout 布局NWSEClockwise/anticlockwise空间过渡：nextto,atthecorner,inthemiddle,oppositeto,besides,infrontof,bottom,top,left,right,above.Across,gobeyond,pass,turnleft,turnright第57页/共95页方位的描述以east为例。in(to，on，at)theeastof1要表示A在B的东部，即：A在B的范围之内时就用AisintheeastofB，如：Jap

47、anisintheeastofAsia.日本在亚洲东部。ItalyisinthesouthofEurope.意大利在欧洲南部。2in表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。第58页/共95页2如果A在B的东方，即：A在B的范围之外，且相隔有一定的距离，就用AliestotheeastofB.口语中有时可将tothe省去。如：Japanlies(tothe)eastofChina.日本位于中国东方。Francelies(tothe)eastofEngland.法国位于英国东方。第59页/共95

48、页3如果A在B的东边（侧），即：A与B相邻接。就用AisontheeastofB.如：GuangdongisonthesouthofHunan.广东在湖南南边。ShangdongisonthenorthofJiangsu.山东在江苏北边。第60页/共95页4如果把方位词当作一个整体看，或是看成一点，就用“AisattheeastofB”和in的区别在于at更强调整体如:TherewasabigbattleatthenorthoftheLiaodongPeninsula.在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。第61页/共95页要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用by 正东偏北：eastbynorth正南偏西：so

49、uthbywest正北偏东：northbyeast正南偏东：southbyeastWearesailinginthedirectionofeastbynorth.我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。Theislandliessouthbyeastfromhere.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。第62页/共95页MAP题范例（1）Themapsbelowgiveinformationaboutaschoolsitein2004andtheplanningofthesameschoolin2010.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainf

50、eatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.（2007年7月1日雅思考题）第63页/共95页和道路有关的词汇fork-typeofintersectionwherearoadsplits junction/intersection/roundabout/ring roadRanch road-connectruralareastomarkettownsinbound/outboundtraffic第64页/共95页和道路有关的词汇shorten/widen/narrow/entrance/exitpavement:apedestrian walkwayalo