grammar主谓一致(教育精品).ppt

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1、Subject-VerbAgreement主语和谓语在人称和数上主语和谓语在人称和数上 保持一致叫做主谓一保持一致叫做主谓一致。致。什么是主谓一致？什么是主谓一致？三个基本原则三个基本原则就近原则就近原则 语法一致（形式语法一致（形式一致）一致）意义一致意义一致 就近原则就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定决定eg:(1)You or he is wrong.(2)There is one teacher and 60 students in the classroom.四种结构用就近原则：1、多个主语用多个主语用or连接。连接。2、therebe

2、句型。句型。3、多个主语用多个主语用neithernor或或eitheror连接。连接。4、多个主语用多个主语用notonlybutalso,notbut连接。连接。填填空空 knowknow1.Neither(Either)she nor(or)her parentswhat is going on.2.Neither(Either)her parents nor(or)shewhat is going on.3.Not(Not only)she but(but also)her parents_what is going on.4.Not(Not only)her parents but(

3、but also)she_what is going on.knowknowsknowknows5.NotonlywebutalsoJane_thesecret.5.NotonlywebutalsoJane_thesecret.A.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownA.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown6.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhaving6.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.oneexamin

4、ationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.haveA.isB.areC.amD.have7.Eithertheheadmasteroryou_theprizestothese7.Eithertheheadmasteroryou_theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.giftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandedoutB.arehandedoutA.ishandedoutB.arehandedoutC.aretohandoutD.istohandoutC.aretohandoutD.istohan

5、doutBCB8.There_nolifeonthemoon.8.There_nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveA.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobeC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe9.a.There_amagazine,afewlettersandsome9.a.There_amagazine,afewlettersandsomenewspapersonthetable.newspapersonthetable.b.There_afewletters

6、,amagazineandsomeb.There_afewletters,amagazineandsomenewspaperonthetable.newspaperonthetable.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasA.isB.areC.haveD.hasCABIt is not you but Jane who _(be)to blame_(be)either you or your brother interested in swimming?isAre 语法一致（形式一致）语法一致（形式一致）主语为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数，主语为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数，谓语动

7、词用复数谓语动词用复数eg (1)I am a boy.(2)The desks are green.(3)You like swimming,but she likes dancing.A、主语主语+介词短语介词短语如如with,togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,alongwith,including,like等等。谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。1.Jackie with his parents intends to set out for Europe next week.

8、2.The son rather than his parents _responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)ispracticeHeaswellasI_(want)togoboatingTheteachertogetherwiththestudents_(be)visitingthefactorywantsisB、thenumberof+n 单数。The number of books 60.而a number of+复数动词.is1.1.Allbutone_herejustnow.Allbutone_herejustnow.A

9、.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.wereA.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were2.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butaThenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.numberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasA.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;wereC.was;wereD.were;were3.Thenumberofstudentsin

10、thisschool_by5%3.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_by5%everyyear.everyyear.A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raisesA.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises4.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothe4.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.nationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedA.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffer

11、edC.areofferedD.haveofferedDCCAC、表达数量的分数，百分数,以及most of,some of,the rest of 等谓语应根据后面的名词后面的名词来定.单数或不可数名词，谓语用单数；复数名词，则用复数。One fifth of the students have gone abroad.19%of us are boys.注意 Only one of students in class 10 has the ability to finish it in half an hour.5.5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animport

12、antpartinE-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.dailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayedD.playA.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayedD.play6._6._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.treesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;a

13、reA.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are7.-7.-Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorEachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_herlessons,_togotouniversity.togotouniversity.-SodoI.-SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hopedA.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hopedACB 意义一

14、致意义一致根据主语根据主语表达的意义表达的意义而而不是形式不是形式来决定来决定谓语动词的单复数：谓语动词的单复数：eg:(1)His family are waiting for him.(2)My family is a large one.谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式1、主语为一个从句、动名词、主语为一个从句、动名词、不定式时。不定式时。What he said does not hurt me.Seeing is believingTo see is to believeWhether he will go with us depends on the weatherHow an

15、d when to start the job_（be）still a question.is注意主语从句主语从句一般用一般用单数单数。但若有。但若有两个及以上两个及以上的主语从的主语从句用句用and,bothand等连接时，谓语用复数。等连接时，谓语用复数。由由what引导的主语从句，要看引导的主语从句，要看what具体指代的意具体指代的意义来定。义来定。Whatshegivestomearejustsomebooks.Whathetoldmeandwhathedid_(make)meforgivehim.Whatshegivestome_abook.makeis2、当两个、当两个单数名词单

16、数名词连接，但指连接，但指同一个同一个概念，概念，即同一个人或事物时即同一个人或事物时,用用单数单数。eg:Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.The singer and poet _to attend the evening partyThe last and tenth paragraph _ very importantisisPractice:The singer and the poet _ to attend the evening party.A、isB、areB3、主语为表示度量、时间、主语为表示度量

17、、时间、金钱的复数时，主语看作为金钱的复数时，主语看作为一个整体。一个整体。eg:Two years is a short moment in history.20，000 dollars is a large sum of money 4、学科名称如、学科名称如physics,maths,politics等作主语，等作主语，谓语用单数谓语用单数 Eg:a.Politics is very hard.b.Physics is a very useful subject.5、以下情况用单数、以下情况用单数(1)every+n.and every+n.(2)each+n.and each+n.(3

18、)no.+n.(单数）单数）and (no)+n.(单数）单数）(4)Many a+n.and many a+neg:(1)Every girl and every boy likes sports.(2)No dancer and no singer appears at the party.6manya或或morethanone所修所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词用饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。单数形式。Manyastudent_thefilmbynowA.hasseenB.hadseenC.haveseenD.sawA谓语动词用复数形式谓语动词用复数形式.当主语为当主语为peple

19、,cattle,police等本身只表示复数的等本身只表示复数的名词时或当主语为名词时或当主语为 the+形形容词容词/姓氏复数时。姓氏复数时。(1)The Smiths are moving to Canada next month.(2)The sick are taken good care of in the hospital.其他情况其他情况1.一些本身由不可分离的两部分一些本身由不可分离的两部分构成的名词作主语时，如构成的名词作主语时，如trousers,glasses,scissors，shoes等，谓语用等，谓语用复数复数。但若。但若其前加上其前加上a pair of,则用单数

20、。则用单数。A pair of shoes _ under the bed.The shoes _ under the bed.isare2.family,team,audience,class,club,enemy,group,public等集体名词做等集体名词做主语时，如强调主语时，如强调整体整体，谓语，谓语动词用动词用单数单数形式，如果强调形式，如果强调集体中的集体中的成员成员，谓语动词用，谓语动词用复数复数形式。形式。eg:(1)Our family were having supper at that time.(2)Our family is a big one.3.单复数同形名词

21、如单复数同形名词如sheep,deer，means,works,species等，据上下文等，据上下文判断其单复数。判断其单复数。a.Thesheepthathehasraised_whiteones.a.Thesheepthathehasraised_whiteones.b.b.Thesheepheisgoingtogivetohisson_Thesheepheisgoingtogivetohisson_ayoungone.ayoungone.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasA.isB.areC.haveD.hasBA4当主语为当主语为all时，如指时，如指人人则则谓语动词用谓语动词

22、用复数复数形式；如形式；如指指物物则谓语动词用则谓语动词用单数单数形形式；式；What引导的主语从引导的主语从句看具体情况而定。句看具体情况而定。eg:(1)Lets start the meeting since all _ here.(2)All he said _ wrong.(3)What he needs _ more water.(4)What her father gave her _ only some books.areisisare注意点a.He is the only one of the students that _ got full marks.b.He is on

23、e of the students that _ got full marks A.is B.are C.has D.haveCD注意点：倒装句中Betweenthetwowindows_(be)apicture.kindof结构谓语根据of之前的名词定，Thiskindofbook/abookofthiskind用单数但booksofthiskind用复数Thepopulation用单数，但如果前面加上一些分数,百分数等的话谓语动词用复数Eg.Thepopulationinthecountryislargeand80%ofthepopulationarefarmers.ishomeworkKeeptherulesinmindFinshthepaper