各型bppv的诊断手法及复位技巧.ppt
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1、各型BPPV 的诊断手法及复位技巧 Dr Xiaofeng MeiFushan hospital of traditional chinese medicine,Department of Fushan hospital of traditional chinese medicine,Department of otorhinolaryngologyotorhinolaryngologyhead and neck surgeryhead and neck surgeryOverviewn n发病率约1/10000,占外周性眩晕的50%n n属周围性旋晕n n多为自限性,能自行缓解,故称为良性n
2、 n三个月不愈或丧失劳动力者为顽固性n n男:女=1:23Backgroundn nBarany(1921)Barany(1921)11:首次描述首次描述benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV):benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV):The attacks only The attacks only appeared when she lay on her right side.When she did this,there appeared a strong rotatory appeared whe
3、n she lay on her right side.When she did this,there appeared a strong rotatory nystagmus to the right.The attack lasted about thirty seconds and was accompanied by violent nystagmus to the right.The attack lasted about thirty seconds and was accompanied by violent vertigo and nausea.If,immediately a
4、fter the cessation of these symptoms,the head was again vertigo and nausea.If,immediately after the cessation of these symptoms,the head was again turned to the right,no attack occurred,and in order to evoke a new attack in this way,the patient turned to the right,no attack occurred,and in order to
5、evoke a new attack in this way,the patient had to lie for some time on her back or on her left side.had to lie for some time on her back or on her left side.n nDix M.R.&Hallpike C.S.(1952)Dix M.R.&Hallpike C.S.(1952)22:介绍了介绍了BPPVBPPV特点和特点和DixDixHallpike TestHallpike Testn nSchuknecht H.F.(1969)Schuk
6、necht H.F.(1969)33:病人颞骨病理见后半规管壶腹嵴致密颗粒病人颞骨病理见后半规管壶腹嵴致密颗粒 cupulolithiasiscupulolithiasisn nHall SFHall SF,Ruby RRFRuby RRF,McClure JA.(1979)McClure JA.(1979)44:根据重复刺激疲劳性提出半规管结石症根据重复刺激疲劳性提出半规管结石症canalithiasiscanalithiasisn nBrandt TBrandt T,Daroff RB(1980)Daroff RB(1980)55:首推体位治疗首推体位治疗n nSemont ASemont
7、 A,Freyss GFreyss G,Vitte E(1988)Vitte E(1988)66 :耳石解脱法:耳石解脱法 liberatory maneuverliberatory maneuvern nEpley JM(1992)Epley JM(1992)77:耳石复位法耳石复位法canal reposition procedures(CRP)canal reposition procedures(CRP)n nParnes LSParnes LS,McClure JA.(1990)McClure JA.(1990)88:描述后半规管阻塞术治疗难治性描述后半规管阻塞术治疗难治性BPPVB
8、PPVn nParnes LSParnes LS,McClure JA.(1992)McClure JA.(1992)99:难治性难治性BPPVBPPV手术中发现后半规管中嗜碱性颗粒手术中发现后半规管中嗜碱性颗粒n nGacek RR(1995):singular neurectomy Gacek RR(1995):singular neurectomy*n nMoriarty BMoriarty B,Rutka JRutka J,Hawke M.(1992)Hawke M.(1992)1010:大量颞骨病理发现其他半规管也见嗜碱性颗粒大量颞骨病理发现其他半规管也见嗜碱性颗粒BPPV 假说假说
9、n nSchuknecht H.F.(1969)3:壶腹嵴帽结石症学说,后半规管壶腹嵴cupulolithiasis.n nHall SF.(1979)4:半规管结石症学说,后半规管canalithiasis.BPPV can be caused by either canalithiasis or cupulolithiasis and can theoretically affect each of the 3 semicircular canals,although superior canal involvement is exceedingly rare.The cupulolith
10、iasis and The canalithiasisBPPV 病理生理病理生理n n正常耳石代谢:耳石膜含许多碳酸钙结晶,耳石含大量钙离子,酷似骨组织,是一动态结构,维持迷路内离子动态平衡,正常情况下耳石也会少量脱落,为吞噬细胞所消灭,这种情况多发生在囊斑、胶状壶腹嵴11 12和内淋巴囊13。n nBPPV 病理生理:耳石脱落过多或吸收障碍时,异位进入半规管,当达到或超出临界状态时“critical mass”图1 图2?BPPV后半规管开窗所见耳石团块后半规管开窗所见耳石团块The vestibular systemThe otoconiaBPPV 分类分类n n原发性:占3468.继发性
11、:以头部外伤为多见,约17%,其他可见发生于梅尼挨病、迷路炎、偏头痛、中耳术后、头颅外伤等.n n按解剖部位分类:PCBPPV,HCBPPV,SCBPPV,NCBPPV.n nSchuknecht分类:自限性、复发性和顽固性.PC-BPPV test Dix M.R.&Hallpike C.S.(1952)2:取坐位,观察有无自发性眼震,头转向一侧45 迅速仰卧,与水平面呈30角观察有无眩晕及眼震至少40秒钟。图3 图4.有上跳性、扭转性眼震(快相向下位耳),左侧顺时针方向,右侧反时针方向。“Reversal nystagmus”occurs when the patient returns
12、to the upright position.DixHallpike Test 2 取坐位取坐位,观察有无自发性眼震观察有无自发性眼震,头转向一侧头转向一侧45,45,迅速仰卧迅速仰卧,与水平与水平面呈面呈3030 角,观察有无眩晕及眼震角,观察有无眩晕及眼震.PC-BPPV 诊断标准诊断标准n n患耳向下突发强烈旋转性眩晕及眼震患耳向下突发强烈旋转性眩晕及眼震,改变头位后改变头位后眩晕可减轻或消失眩晕可减轻或消失.n n有有3 33030秒潜伏期秒潜伏期.n n眼震通常持续数秒眼震通常持续数秒,一般在一般在3030秒内秒内.眩晕持续时间眩晕持续时间可稍长,多在可稍长,多在1 1分钟内停止分
13、钟内停止.n n具疲劳性具疲劳性.n nDixDixHallpike testHallpike test阳性阳性.n n有上跳性、扭转性眼震(快相向下位耳),左侧有上跳性、扭转性眼震(快相向下位耳),左侧顺时针方向,右侧反时针方向。顺时针方向,右侧反时针方向。n n“Reversal nystagmusReversal nystagmus”occurs when the patient occurs when the patient returns to the upright positionreturns to the upright positionHC-BPPV test n nMcC
14、lure JA(1985)14 图5:Roll test:The patient lying supine and the head moved to both sides.n nRahko T(2001)15 图6:WRW test:the patient walks forward and rotates briskly on the rotation direction foot and returns back.Roll testRahkon WRW testHC-BPPV 诊断标准诊断标准n n在床上向左右翻身时发作,当头转向患侧时眩晕在床上向左右翻身时发作,当头转向患侧时眩晕或眼震
15、变剧烈,做头部的垂直运动如抬头或弯腰或眼震变剧烈,做头部的垂直运动如抬头或弯腰矢状面运动则不引起眩晕矢状面运动则不引起眩晕.n n潜伏期稍短,约潜伏期稍短,约2 23 3秒秒.n n持续时间略长持续时间略长,可达可达1 1分钟分钟.n n疲劳性不明显疲劳性不明显.n nRoll testRoll test阳性阳性,两侧均出现向地性两侧均出现向地性水平性眼震水平性眼震,以患以患侧更强烈侧更强烈(canalithiasis)(canalithiasis)或背地性或背地性水平性眼震水平性眼震,但以健但以健侧更强烈侧更强烈(cupulolithiasiscupulolithiasis).).n n眼震
16、方向与头转动方向一致,眼震方向与头转动方向一致,称为向地性水平性称为向地性水平性眼震眼震,否则为否则为背地性背地性水平性眼震水平性眼震SC-BPPV testn nRAHKO T manoeuvre 16 图7:When the posterior and horizontal canals were free of otoconia,the patients were instructed to bow forward 60 and straighten back with closed eyes quickly.The observer recorded the possible move
17、ment of the patient sideways during straightening.n nDixHallpike test 2.RAHKO T manoeuvreSC-BPPV 诊断标准诊断标准n n典型病史及症状:特殊体位出现旋晕、恶心、呕吐n n排除PC-BPPV 和HC-BPPV.n nSC-BPPV test阳性 or a DixHallpike test.n n有下跳性、扭转性眼震管石复位原理示意图PC-BPPV 手法复位手法复位n nEpley Epley 耳石复位法耳石复位法CRP CRP 77 图图8 8 图图9 9 图图1010 :平仰卧,头:平仰卧,头微伸展
18、,振动器固定在患侧乳突微伸展,振动器固定在患侧乳突 头转向患侧呈头转向患侧呈45 45 保持保持1515秒秒30秒或至眼震消失,头转向健或至眼震消失,头转向健侧呈侧呈45 45 保持保持1515秒秒30秒,身体位慢慢向健侧体位慢慢向健侧转呈转呈9090保持保持1 12分钟,坐位微向下视,坐位微向下视 保持保持头位垂直两天。头位垂直两天。n nBrandt Brandt 体位治疗体位治疗55 :向患侧侧卧:向患侧侧卧3030秒,坐起向对秒,坐起向对侧卧,交替至症状消失。侧卧,交替至症状消失。n nSemontSemont手法复位手法复位66 :头转健侧头转健侧4545快速向患侧卧快速向患侧卧 至
19、眼震消失,约至眼震消失,约4 4分钟后快速坐起向健侧卧分钟后快速坐起向健侧卧 5 5分钟后慢慢坐起分钟后慢慢坐起 保持头位垂直两天。保持头位垂直两天。PC-BPPV 手法复位示意图手法复位示意图After the maneuver is performed (for 2 nights)Brandt-Daroff Exercises HC-BPPV 手法复位手法复位n nLempert manoeuvre(1996)Lempert manoeuvre(1996)1717 or Barbecue manoeuvre or Barbecue manoeuvre:The patient is lyin
20、g supine.He rotates the head to the:The patient is lying supine.He rotates the head to the healthy side by 90,then turns to the prone position,healthy side by 90,then turns to the prone position,the head is turned nose-down and again the head is the head is turned nose-down and again the head is tur
21、ned with the affected ear down,each phase 30 s.turned with the affected ear down,each phase 30 s.Finally,the patient sits up.Finally,the patient sits up.n nGufoniGufoni s liberatorys liberatory manoeuvremanoeuvre(1998)1998)1818:(:(A A)The)The patient is seated.(patient is seated.(B B)The patient is
22、quickly brought to)The patient is quickly brought to the side-lying position on the affected side.(the side-lying position on the affected side.(C C)The)The head of the patient is quickly turned 45 degrees upward.head of the patient is quickly turned 45 degrees upward.(D D)The patient returns to the
23、 sitting position.Positions)The patient returns to the sitting position.Positions B B and and C C are maintained for 2 minutes.are maintained for 2 minutes.Lempert manoeuvreGufoni 疗法SC-BPPV 手法复位手法复位n n Honrubia manoeuvre(1999)19:The treatment was a reverse Epley manoeuvre or a reverse Semont manoeuv
24、re.n nRahko T manoeuvre 16:the patient lies on the healthy side,the head is tilted downwards 45,then horizontally,upwards 45 for 30 s each,and finally the patient sits up and stays there well supported for at least 3 min.Rahko T manoeuvreBPPV 疗效判定疗效判定n n症状消失n nDixHallpike test、HC-BPPV test 或SC-BPPV
25、test阴性416例例BPPV 临床资料临床资料n n自1997至2007年间,共收集416例BPPV病人,其中男136例,女280例,平均年龄 56岁,PC-BPPV382人,HC-BPPV12人,SC-BPPV3人,NC-BPPV28人,单耳发病390人,双耳发病26人,281人单次复位有效,103人2次或2次以上复位有效,22人属顽固性BPPV,12人接受手术治疗,10例失访。416例BPPV年龄分布图416例BPPV病人病因分布图416不同类型BPPV病例发病情况406不同病因BPPV病例手法复位效果药物在BPPV治疗中的作用n n复位前复位前复位前复位前药物治疗可减轻病人在检查药物治
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