定语从句 (2)(教育精.ppt

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1、高职考复习第一轮高职考复习第一轮 定语从句定语从句考纲要求：考纲要求：掌握：限制性定语从句的基本用法掌握：限制性定语从句的基本用法了解：非限制性定语从句了解：非限制性定语从句定语从句概念：1、复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词/代词的从句称为定语从句。2、所饰名词称为先行词先行词。3、引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词关系词。关系词 作用：引导引导定语从句；代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当充当一定的句子成份句子成份。先行词用法先行词用法:先行词为人时，关系代词用who/that表主格:The girl who/that is drawing is Jims sister.用whom

2、/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略:The boy(whom/that)we talked about will come.用whose表所有格:The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that表主格:A plane is a machine which/that can fly.关系代词用which/that表宾格,可省略:The car(which/that)he bought was a second-hand one.也用whose表所有:The river whose ba

3、nks are covered with trees is very long.PracticeDo you know the girl?The girl is in red.-Do you know the girl who is in red?(作主语）Can you remember the girl?We met the girl yesterday.-Can you remember the girl(whom)we met yesterday?（作宾语）The boy is shaking with cold.The boys coat is blue.-The boy whose

4、 coat is blue is shaking with cold.（作定语，表示所有格，指某人的）Please pass me the coat.The coats color is blue.-Please pass me the coat whose color is blue.（作定语，表示所有格，指某物的）注意：注意：A.先行词是先行词是不定代词不定代词nothing,something,anything,everything,all,little,much,no,some,any,little,few,one等时，关系代词等时，关系代词只能只能用用that.1.There is

5、something.Im afraid of something.-There is something that Im afraid of.2.All has been done.All can be done.-All that can be done has been done.B.先行词被先行词被最高级最高级所修饰时，关系代词用所修饰时，关系代词用 that（指物）（指物）This is the best building.Ive ever seen in Paris.-This is the best building that Ive ever seen in Paris.He i

6、s the funniest person.Ive ever met the funniest person.-He is the funniest person that Ive ever met.whom C.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或者或者the last,the only(唯一的）唯一的）,the very（正是那个）正是那个）所修所修饰时，关系代词只用饰时，关系代词只用that.This is the first place.I want to visit it.-This is the first place that I want to visit.Its the very

7、book that I want to borrow.He is the only person.He knew how to open it.-He is the only person that/who knew how to open it.That was the last experiment.We did the last experiment.-That was the last experiment that we did.D.先行词包含了人和物两方面时，关系代词只用 that。The snowman and the boys were lost.He loved the bo

8、ys and the snowman.-The boys and the snowman that he loved were lost.E.以疑问词以疑问词(who,which,what)开头的疑问句开头的疑问句,为避免重复为避免重复,用用 that.Who is the man?The man has white hair.-Who is the man that has white hair.Which is the book?You borrowed it from the library.-Which is the book that you borrowed from the li

9、brary?Conclusion and practice She heard a terrible noise.The noise surprised her.She heard a terrible noise which surprised her.She heard a terrible noise,which surprised her.Conclusion and practice 注：非限定定语从句即定语从句对整个主句加以补充说明，即使省去，也不影响主句的意思，它和先行词或主句常用逗号分开。e.g.The baby was ill,which made the mother ve

10、ry worried.改错：The mountain which you want to climb up it is in Europe.定语从句中应避免成分的重复。如本句中要去掉重复的宾语 it。Is that umbrella which Jack bought you?正：Is that the umbrella which Jack bought you?正：Is that umbrella the one(that)Jack bought you?定语从句中还应避免成分的遗漏。疑问句可转换成陈述句，更易观察。That is the umbrella which Jack bough

11、t you.That umbrella is the one that Jack bought you.Summary （总结）作主语 which,that,who不能省不能省 作宾语 which,that,whom可省可省 关系代词的特殊用法：为不定代词 被最高级，序数词修饰 被the last/only/one等词修饰 既有人又有物 以疑问词开头的句子 关系代词关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被）先行词被such和和the same修饰，或句型修饰，或句型as many（much）中，）中，从句都用从句都用as 引导。引导。Such boo

12、ks as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.注意：区别注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句（指同一物）引导定语从句（指同一物）the same as（同一种类）。（同一种类）。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（同一工具）（同一工具）I w

13、ant to use the same tool as you used just now.(同一类，不同物）同一类，不同物）（2）无先行词的定语从句用）无先行词的定语从句用as和和which引导，引导，As正如，正如，which这这He didnt pass the exam,as/which we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow,which can keep the cold out.As is known,the earth is round,not flat.关系副词的用法关系副词的用法when 指时间指时间=in/at/

14、on/during whichwhere指地点指地点=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因指原因=for which当先行词为当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用时，可用that作作关系副词。（非正式场合）关系副词。（非正式场合）This is the village where/in which I was born/I grew up.Oct.10 is the day when/on which New China was foundedDo you know the reason why he was late again?I dont like the w

15、ay that/in which/he talks.当当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.区别：区别：Lucy was born in the place _ Well visit tomorrow.Lucy was born in the place _ Mr.Wang grew up.区别：区别：Lucy will never forget the day _ she spent with you.Lucy will never forget

16、the day _ his father died.区别：区别：Is the reason _ he was late reasonable?Is the reason _ he gave the teacher reasonable?that/which/不填不填wherethat/which/不填不填whenwhythat/which/不填不填比较：比较：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中（句中one为先行词）为先行词）He is one of the student

17、s who have got good marks in the match.（句中（句中students为先行词）为先行词）比较：比较：Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that/which)we visited yesterday?2005 You may take any book_.A.that is interested inB.you are interesting inC.you are interested in D.which interest you历年考题历年考题2006 T

18、his is the most beautiful lake _I have ever visited.A.that B.when C.which D.where2007 The artist handed everything he had collected to the museum at last Aafter Bwhen Cwhat DthatCAD2008 Taobaocom is a popular website people can sell and buy goods conveniently Awhere B.which Cwhat Dthat2009 She is the only one among us knows French Athat Bwhich Cwhom Dwho 2010 The man _ stole my purse was in a red coat.A.who B.whose C.whichD.when2011 Crusoes dog,_ was very old now,became ill died.A.which B.whom C.whoseD.thatADAA