英语专四作文写作.pptx

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1、You are to write in three parts.In the first part,state clearly what your view is.In the second part,support your view with appropriate reasons.In the last part,bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriateness

2、.Failure to follow the instruction may result in a loss of marks.第1页/共41页专四作文要求专四作文要求专专四四作作文文要要求求：根根据据所所给给作作文文题题目目、提提纲纲、数数据据等等，在在35分分钟钟内内写写200单单词词的的左左右右的的作作文文，分分值值15分分，要要求求：切切题题、完完整整、条条理理清清楚楚、结结构构严严谨谨、语语法法正正确确、语语言言通通顺顺、表表达达得得体体。体体裁裁为为议议论论文文、说说明明文文（记记叙叙文、描写文没有考过但不能排除）。文、描写文没有考过但不能排除）。第2页/共41页一、分析往届真题

3、，判断作文命题方式 年份 主题或题目 题材 体裁 题型1995大学生打工利与弊 学生业余生活 议论文 利弊比较1996大学生活与中学生活的不同 学生生活 说明文 对比说明1997专业学习压力利或弊 学生学习 议论文 观点议论1998一种解决城市空气污染的办法 环境 说明文 提出建议1999电视广告的利或弊 社会现象 议论文 利弊讨论2000课外活动的重要性 学生生活 说明文 观点说明2001旅游开阔视野 大众生活 说明文 观点说明2002保持健康的最好办法 大众生活 说明文 提出建议2003保持好心情的重要性 大众生活 说明文 观点说明2004电话是否会代替写信？社会现象 议论文 观点议论第3

4、页/共41页2005为艺术节提建议 校园文化生活 说明文 提出建议2006攒钱/还是花明天的钱 大众生活 议论文 观点议论2007网上交友理智吗 学生业余生活 议论文 观点议论2008做志愿者的好处 学生业余生活 说明文 观点议论2009旅游伤害环境吗 社会现象 议论文 观点议论2010大学生聘用清洁工吗 学生业余生活 议论文 观点议论2011 私有车能交污染税吗？大众生活 议论文 观点议论2012 端午节 大众生活 说明文 说明介绍2013 节约花钱 大众生活 议论文 说明观点2014 英语专业学生学数学 大学生学业 议论文 观点议论 第4页/共41页二、专业四级命题的特点*题材常常涉及到学

5、生生活，如学习、文化、课外活动、文化艺术节等，大众生活如身体健康的方法、心情愉快的重要性和旅游的作用等，一些社会热点问题和现象，如网络、环境、科技的负面影响和私家车等话题。*体裁以说明文和议论文为主，有时会有二者的配合使用。如“保持好心情的重要性”，首先要阐述出几个重要性，属于说明文；然后在分析为什么要那样做，属于议论文。因此有的作文以说明文为主，有的以议论文为主。第5页/共41页 *题型1）比较选择类作文1995，1996，1999，2）意义、重要性、危害性说明类作文2000，2001，2003，2006，2008,3）观点论证类作文1997，2002，2004，2007，2009，2010

6、，2011 4）提出建议、解决问题类作文1998，2005。第6页/共41页三、写作步骤1.审清指令 理解指令是写作考试至关重要的环节,因为指令包括了对作文主题、发展方式等方面的要求。例 The Best Way to Stay Healthy审题关键：the BEST way -doing exercises?-keeping a balanced diet?-having enough sleep?第7页/共41页2.列出写作提纲 将主题思想具体化、条理化。理清思路，使文章有章可循，有理可依。保证不跑题,有利于整体布局。短语句子均可，自己看得懂即可。例 The Best Way to St

7、ay Healthythe BEST way -doing exercisesREASONS:1.physically strong(lung,heart,blood circulation)2.Help to improve appetite 3.Help to release pressure-relaxation4.Help to build confidence(by race,competition)-mentally strong conclusion第8页/共41页3.确定主题句：主题句是确保不跑题的前提。写主题句最保险的方法就是将考试提示中的关键句，甚至标题加以灵活应用，考生可

8、以直接把它扩充为主题句topic sentence。4.安排结构 指令对文章的结构有规定：第一段明确观点（简单导入和主题思想句）；第二段提供理由和事例（主题句和有说服力的细节和事件-一定是具体的例子和事件，不要空虚的套话）；第三段归纳总结（使用表示总结的词汇或词组，不要引出新观点）。第9页/共41页5.草稿写作 按照拟订的提纲进行充实，补充必要的细节。在打草稿的过程中可以不局限于提纲，任意发挥。以提纲为指导，对主题思想整体布局，通盘考虑。可以对提纲进行调整和修改。6.适当修改 主题思想明确，文章不偏题；细节与主题密切相关；句子和段落间的衔接；文章无标点、拼写、大小写和语法方面的错误。第10页/

9、共41页四.段落的写法句子分布：按照专业四级作文的要求，在35分钟写一篇200左右的短文，因此全文只能有13-14个句子，其中引言段3，4，3句，正文段8，7，7句，结语段3，3，4句即可。第11页/共41页四.开头的写法开头利用指令改写 In this fast-paced society,people are confronted with stress in a variety of directions like education,career or family.Therefore,to keep a good mood is of great significance to fi

10、ght against pressure from all aspects of life.第12页/共41页开头开门见山The importance of keeping a good mood can never be overstated.I have the following reasons to support this statement.第13页/共41页 开头名言、数据等+观点 避免写作的主观性，可以在作文中出现别人的声音：1.如数据（According to a recent poll,61percent of American high school students h

11、ave admitted cheating on exams at least once.）、2.别人的话（My teacher often said that you cant tell a book by its cover.）、3.名人的至理名言（“Love makes all hard hearts gentle”by George Herbert）、4.谚语（A friend in need is a friend indeed.）名言都有固定的句式，不确信最好不用。Hobbies are the best teacher.第14页/共41页开头提问：注意人称的变换-we,you,i

12、t?Are you in a good mood today?Do you take a good mood as an important part of your life?Definitely,the importance of a good mood can never be overstressed.The following reasons can account for why a good mood is so important.Firstly,a good can help us.第15页/共41页五、中间段/主体段的写法中间段要有主题句（topic sentence)主旨

13、句是针对全篇文章，是全文内容的总结，并依靠全文的段落支持。因此应出现在开头段里。主题句是对整个段落而言，它是段落思想的概括，并靠整个段落中的例子、细节等来支持、开展。第16页/共41页Requirements of a Good Topic Sentence1）Topic sentence should be a complete sentence with a complete meaning.Manyitemstobereadyforasafe,enjoyablehike.Ineedmanyitemstobereadyforasafe,enjoyablehike.第17页/共41页nTop

14、ic sentence should not be too general and should be clear in meaning.Television is very important.Television plays an educational role in daily life.第18页/共41页3)Topic sentence should have practical content.(主题句内容必须具体。)To improve reading ability,one needs to acquire some reading skills.To improve Engl

15、ish proficiency,one need to acquire some skills.第19页/共41页4)Topic sentence should not be a specific description.(描写细节的句子不能作主题句。)1.He sent his wife a diamond ring on her thirtieth birthday.2.They moved to a new apartment last month.3.He encountered an old friend yesterday.第20页/共41页5)Topic sentence:top

16、ic+controlling ideaBefore writing any essay or even a paragraph,it is important to think:-the topic -what you want to say about the topic(controlling idea).第21页/共41页People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions.Topic:avoid burglaries Controlling idea:by taking certain precautionsThere ar

17、e several advantages to growing up in a small town.Topic:growing up in a small town Controlling idea:several advantagesMost US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons.Topic:Most US score Controlling idea:for a number of reasons第22页/共41页 requirements:1.Topic sentence shou

18、ld be complete sentences.2.Topic sentence should not be too general and should be clear in meaning.3.Topic sentence should have practical content.4.Topic sentence should not be a specific description.5.Topic sentence includes:topic+controlling idea.第23页/共41页Practice:write at least two topic sentence

19、s for the following topicsFirecrackers should be banned.Reduce waste on campus.How I finance my college education.Tourism brings harm to the environment.I prefer living in rural areas to living in urban areas.第24页/共41页Firecrackers should be banned.Firecrackers form a potential cause for fire acciden

20、ts.Firecrackers may cause injuries to both the people who set them off and the innocent bystanders.Firecrackers pollute air.Firecrackers are a waste of money and resources.第25页/共41页Reduce waste on campus.Try to avoid using disposable/throwaway tableware.If we are the last one to leave the dorm or cl

21、assroom,remember to turn off the lights.第26页/共41页How I finance my college education.I can ask my parents for help if they have nice careers.With the help of my teacher,I can apply for a loan especially provided for college students by the state.I can also do a part-time job to make some money.第27页/共

22、41页Tourism brings harm to the environment.In the process of exploiting a scenic spot,the construction of artificial facilities will have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.Some tourists dont have the awareness to protect the environment,and destroy the environment.第28页/共41页I prefer livin

23、g in rural areas to living in urban areas.Living in a rural area keeps me away from all kinds of pollution.Living in a rural area,I will have less working pressure.Living in a rural area,I enjoy more harmonious interpersonal relationships.第29页/共41页细节的展开表示不同关系的连接词汇，如:1）时间（to begin with,moreover,final

24、ly;first of all,next,then,eventually;first,second,third）2）因果(owing to,due to,in this way,as a result,for this reason,consequently,accordingly)3）比较、对比(unlike,in contrast,on the contrary,similarly,in the same way,in like manner,just as,whereas,in spite of)第30页/共41页细节的展开4）附加(besides,not only but also,a

25、part from,furthermore)5）递进(furthermore,moreover,equally important,last but not least,additionally,likewise,as well as,besides)6）举例a case in point,to illustrate,take for example,as follows,as an illustration,just as)第31页/共41页7）让步(in spite of,regardless of,even though,whereas)8）转折(on the other side,on

26、 the contrary,nevertheless)9）解释、同位(roughly means,in other words,assuggests,as regards,as for,in terms of,that is to say,with regard to)10）选择(or rather,rather than,not but,whetheror,alternately,neithernor,either.Or)第32页/共41页11）总结(all in all,in short,as has been mentioned,to conclude,in conclusion,in

27、summary,on the whole)We can draw the conclusion from what we have talked aboutPersonally,I For these reasonsAccording to the above analysis,we can arrive at the conclusion that等连词，如能恰当的运用在作文中，会增加连贯性，使句子地道流畅。第33页/共41页七 范文赏析怎样利用范文背范文：不同类型各背一遍，背熟（背不熟与不背是一样的）熟到可以默写下来（10-15分钟）对照原文找错误，即弱点（拼写、语法、标点，时态等）背后要

28、有意识用，即仿写，背诵的表达用得越多越好坚持此种方法练笔，必会有所收获第34页/共41页Should College Students Hire Cleaners?According to a recent report,six university students hired cleaners to clean their dorm and do their laundry every week.Although we have no right to tell them what to do with their money,as a university student myself,

29、I find this practice absurd.(第一段必须提出观点)For a start,away from our parents,it is in university that we learn to be independent adults.Cleaning the room and doing ones laundry are the most basic living skills.If we always depend on others to take care of us,how can we survive when there is no one to he

30、lp us?How can we take on any responsibility when we step into society?第35页/共41页For another,the practice reflects their flippant attitude towards money.The money they paid for the cleaners probably comes from their parents,who must be very depressed once they know the truth.It also sets a very bad pr

31、ecedent on campus.Other students may follow suit to show the wealth of their families;or worse,they tend to think money can buy them anything in this world,which obviously is wrong.All in all,I think we must do away with this practice.Otherwise,we may never appreciate the good value of money and an

32、independent way of life.The better and sooner we can take care of ourselves,the more proud our parents will be.第36页/共41页(2)The Benefits of VolunteeringDirections:December 5th is International Volunteers Day.Since 1985,when the United Nations announced the dpecial day,tens of millions of people aroun

33、d the world have volunteered to help those in need.China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work.What can you gain from volunteering?(注意审题，who are YOU here?)第37页/共41页Volunteering means being willing to help people in need and make con

34、tributions to society for no financial rewards.Needless to say,volunteering is of tremendous benefits to both those in need and the society.Yet,despite the fact that volunteers are not paid for what they have done,serving as a volunteer,I believe,is also beneficial to the volunteers themselves.第38页/

35、共41页First,volunteering helps volunteers improve their interpersonal skills.They can understand people better and have better skills to motivate others and to deal with difficult situations in collaboration with people of different personalities in their volunteering work.Besides,volunteering serves

36、as a good opportunity for volunteers to apply their knowledge to practical problems.This is especially useful for sudden volunteers.For instance,students volunteering to assist foreign guests on big occasions like Canton Fair can not only practice their oral English,but also have first hand experien

37、ce on the latest development of their field.Finally,volunteering satisfies ones psychological need for respect and self-fulfillment,and it gives the volunteers a sense of achievement.第39页/共41页In a word,volunteering helps to improve ones interpersonal skills,apply ones knowledge to practice,and give the volunteers a sense of self-fulfillment.It is of great benefits to the society,but it benefits the volunteers even greater.第40页/共41页感谢您的观看！第41页/共41页