生理学的概念及生命活动的特征 (46).ppt

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1、4Regulation of Cardiovascular Activity4.1 Nervous Regulation4.2 Humoral Regulation4.Regulation of Cardiovascular ActivityCardiovascular RegulationInnervation CardiovascularcenterCardiovascularreflexExtensiveregulationLocalregulationNeuroregulationHumoral regulationHeart pumpingLocal blood flowAutore

2、gulationThe purpose of cardiovascular activity regulation is to adapt cardiovascular activity to changes in the internal and external environment4.1.Neuroregulation4.1.1.Innervation of the heartNorepinephrine+1 receptorG-protein-AC-cAMP-PKAActivate cardiac muscle cells Ca2+channelsActivate Ca2+chann

3、els in slow response cellsActivate SA P-cell Ca2+channelsActivate phospholambanPositive chronotropic actionIncrease Ca2+influxIncrease cardiac muscle contractilityPositive inotropic actionIncrease Ca2+influxAccelerate myocardial diastoleAccelerate Ca2+uptake by LSR Increase autorhythmicitySpeed depo

4、larization in phase 4Positive dromotropic actionAccelerate atrioventricular conductionThe effect of cardiac sympathetic nerve4.1.Neuroregulation4.1.1.Innervation of the heartAcetylcholine+M receptorG protein-AC-cAMP-PKADecrease Ca2+influxNegative chronotropic actionDecrease autorhythmicityDecrease C

5、a2+and Na+influx in phase 4Shorten plateau Decrease Ca2+influxAccelerate K+efflux in repolarizationWeaken contractilityDecrease Ca2+influxSlower atrioventricular conductionNegative dromotropic actionInhibit cardiac muscle cells Ca2+channelsActivate cardiac muscle cells IK-AchInhibit Ca2+channels in

6、slow response cellsNegative inotropic actionInhibit SA P-cell Ca2+channelsThe effect of cardiac vagus nerve4.1.Neuroregulation4.1.3.Cardiovascular ReflexWhen the bodys physiological state,internal or external environment changes,the nervous system regulates cardiovascular activity through various ca

7、rdiovascular reflexes,which cause cardiovascular activity to change accordingly in response to the bodys state or environment at the time.4.1.Neuroregulation4.1.3.Cardiovascular ReflexCarotid Sinus-Aortic Arch BaroreceptorCarotid Sinus Aortic Arch Baroreceptor 4.1.Neuroregulation4.1.3.Cardiovascular

8、 ReflexCarotid Sinus-Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Reflexes Reflex effects4.2.Humoral regulationHumoral regulation of cardiovascular activity refers to the modulation of myocardial and vascular smooth muscle activity by certain chemicals in the blood and tissue fluidsRenin-angiotensin system,RASEpinephri

9、ne,E and Norepinephrine,NEVasopressin,VPEndothelium-derived constriction factor and Endothelium-derived relaxation factorKallikreinCardiovascular active peptides 4.2.Humoral Regulation4.2.1.Renin-Angiotensin System,RASThe physiological effects of Angiotensin Vasoconstrictive effects:Promote the rele

10、ase of transmitters from sympathetic nerve endings:Effects on central nervous system:Promotes the synthesis and release of aldosterone:4.2.Humoral regulation4.2.2.Epinephrine,E and Norepinephrine,NEEpinephrine:Binding with and (including 1 and 2)receptorsu receptor:skin,kidney,gastrointestinal vasoc

11、onstrictionu1 receptors:cardio positive effectsu2 receptors:vasodilation in skeletal muscle and liveruRaise blood pressure without significantly increasing peripheral resistance4.2.Humoral regulation4.2.2.Epinephrine and NorepinephrineNorepinephrine:binding primarily with to and 1 receptorsu receptor:extensive peripheral vascular contractionu1 receptors:heart positive effectsuElevated blood pressure and,meanwhile reflexive slowed heart rateBlood pressure changes by E and NE intravenously in rabbitsThank you