英语动词时态语态课件.pptx

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1、他每天都来。他昨天来了.他已经来了.他明天来.汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.He comes every day.第1页/共55页 语态语态时态时态主动主动一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时.过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v./v-s/esV-edwill+vwould+v.had+don

2、ehave/has+donehave/has been+V-ingam/is/are+V-ingwas/were+V-ing第2页/共55页 语态语态时态时态主动主动将来进行时将来进行时willbedoing将来完成时将来完成时willhavedone第3页/共55页导入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?(using 3 sentences or more,使用实意动词 和系动词,注意动词形式变化)第4页/共55页2.用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often,usually,always,everyday/yea

3、r,sometimes,onSunday等。2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates,but sometimes I miss my families.一、一般现在时(The Simple Present tense)1.结构:do/does第5页/共55页3 3）汽车、飞机、会议等按）汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表时刻表将要发生的事。将要发生的事。Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.Th

4、emeetingstartsat2:00p.m.4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时,即即主将从现主将从现。Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,we_(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe_(come)thisafternoon，we_(have)ameeting.iswill gocomeswill have第6页/共55页Example:I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_(play)footballan

5、dbasketballtogetherandwe_(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_(be)happyatthattime.spentplayed didntwere导入之二：导入之二：How did you spend your childhood?第7页/共55页二、一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.结构:谓动用动词过去式(V-ed)2.用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如yesterday,last week,an hour ago,in 1982等。第8页/共55页examples:He

6、 was in Beijing some years ago.She traveled in Europe last year.When I was at collage,I wrote home once a week.He wet to town,bought some books and visited his daughter last Sunday.He said he would go for a holiday when hefinished his work.第9页/共55页犹如picture导入之三：Howwillyouspendyourwinterholiday?Iwill

7、Imgoingto第10页/共55页三.一般将来时一般将来时.表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式 will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形 be going to do be going to do be about to do be about to do be to do be to do 第11页/共55页begoingto有很强的有很强的计划性计划性，打算干什么，而，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和临时性和偶然性偶然性。-Thetelephoneisringing.-I_answerit.A.willB

8、.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didbegoingto可用来表达可用来表达某种迹象要发生某种迹象要发生的事。的事。而而will不能表示不能表示Lookattheclouds!It_rain.is going to第12页/共55页3.beto表示因约定、计划，职责、义表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作务要求即将发生的动作,或或客观客观安排或安排或受人指示而做某事。受人指示而做某事。b

9、egoingto表示主观的打算或计表示主观的打算或计划。划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.第13页/共55页4 4beabouttodo表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，1)1)表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的不与表示将来的时间状语连用时间状语连用。2)2)常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在就在这时，是并列连词这时，是并列连词.构成句型：构成句型：be about to do when.Eg:I was a

10、bout to leave when it rained.第14页/共55页四四.过去将来时过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)1.用法用法:过去将来时表示过去将来时表示立足于过去立足于过去某一某一时间时间看将要发生的动作看将要发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,常用常用于宾语从句中于宾语从句中.2.结构结构:1)should/would+动词原形动词原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.第15页/共55页导入之五：Whataretheydoi

11、ngnow?Theyareplayingbasketball.第16页/共55页五五.现在进行时现在进行时 1表示表示说话时正在进行说话时正在进行而而尚未完成尚未完成的动作或状态的动作或状态Idontreallyworkhere.Imhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchangebe(am,are,is)+doing第17

12、页/共55页2.与always，constantly(不断地；时常地)等连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：他总是帮助别人。He is always helping others.第18页/共55页六.过去进行时(ThePastContinuousTense)1.结构：was/were+doing2.用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while,atthattimeI first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop a

13、t the time.A.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had worked第19页/共55页3.与always，forever，constantly连用，表示赞成或厌恶的感情色彩。如：他总是考虑别人，从未考虑自己。He was always thinking of others，never thinking of himself.My brother was always losing his key.第20页/共55页七.现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense)1.结构:have(has)+done2.用法:1

14、).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词.常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime 等I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.第21页/共55页Hehaslivedheresincelastsummer.时间线时间线现在现在过去过去lived延续到现在延续到现在:has lived last summer since第22页/共55页1.-WhendidhegotoAmerica?-Oh,he_theresincehalfayearago.A.we

15、ntB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was2.Shelly_CaliforniaforTexasand_thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked第23页/共55页比较一般过去时与现在完成时1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。MyfamilylivedinZhuhai1

16、0yearsago.（现在不在珠海了)MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years.(目前还在珠海)第24页/共55页2).过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I _(study)in Zhongshan university in 2000.I _(study)in Zhongshan university since 2000.I _ just _(buy)an apartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语）studiedhave studiedhavebought第25页/共55页八

17、.过去完成时(ThepastperfectTense)1.结构:had+done2.概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去的过去过去现在将来 导入之八：Yougraduated(毕业)fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly2013.Youhadstayedtherefor3yearswhenyougraduated.第26页/共55页Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去the end of last termhad learnt时间线时间线用法用法(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句

18、中常用by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语。如：第27页/共55页2.表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算(“本想”;“本来打算”)。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.第28页/共55页1).Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_(runaway).2).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents_(begin)reading.Hewalke

19、dinasifhe_(buy)theschool.had run awayhad run awayhad run awayhad begunhad bought 第29页/共55页3.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped4.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcom

20、ecc第30页/共55页导入之九：-Howlonghaveyoubeenstudyinginthisschool?-Almost three months.第31页/共55页九、现在完成进行九、现在完成进行时时主语+has/have+been+doing.表示过去某一时间发生表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在一直持续到现在还会还会继续继续下去的动作（动作未完成），动词下去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用必须用延延续性续性动词动词。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseunivers

21、itieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.第32页/共55页-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatwhyI_toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone第33页/共55页现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时:表到现在为止已经完成，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；现在完成进行时:往往强调仍将继续下去的动作。Ihavewrittenaletter.（已完成）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（未完

22、成）（未完成）过去过去现在现在时间线时间线have writtenhave been writing第34页/共55页10将来进行时（willbedoing）表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的动作。Iwillbesleepingatthistimetomorrow.第35页/共55页11将来完成时（willhavedone）表将来某一时间已经做完某事Wewillhavelearnt1000wordsbytheendofthisterm.第36页/共55页最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在时时现在进行现在进行时时现在完成现在完成时时现在完成现在完成

23、进行时进行时often,always,usually,sometimes,on Sunday,every,at weekends,once in a while,three times a day(right)now,at this moment,at present,for the time being,this year,always,for,since,so far,in/over/during the past/last few years,lately,recently,just,up to now,up till now,already,yet,ever,never,twice,t

24、hree times,before,all the time,all this morning,for,since,in the past few years,第37页/共55页最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般过去一般过去时时过去进行过去进行时时过去完成过去完成时时过去将来过去将来时时yesterday,last,the day before yesterday,ago,in 2000,in the past,the other day,just now,once upon a time,at 10 last night,then,this morning,

25、at that time/moment,this time yesterday,last year,always,by+过去时间，过去时间，by then,by the end of+过去时间，过去时间，by the time you did sth,.第38页/共55页最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成时tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in 2020,in a few years,in future,in the future,soon,next,another day,a

26、t 10 tomorrow,then,this time tomorrow,next year,by+将来时间将来时间,by then,by the end of+将来时间将来时间,by the time you do sth,第39页/共55页Exercises1.Iusually_upat6:00,butyesterdayI_upat7:00andtomorrowI_upat6:30.(get)2.Listen!Someone_(knock)atthedoor.3.I_(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.4.Howoften_Andy_(surf)theinternet?5.

27、Hefellasleepwhilehe_(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknockinghavebeendoessurfwasreading第40页/共55页6.I_never_(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9._thestory_(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What_hismother_(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwould

28、putDidhappenwasdoing第41页/共55页11.Ifit_(notrain)tomorrow,they_(go)fishing.12._yourmother_thepianoeverySunday?13.They_(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher_(start)teaching.doesntrainwillgoDoeshasworkedwontwalkedhadstartedplay第

29、42页/共55页JennyJenny_(be)aforeigngirl.She_(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_(move)toChina.Jenny_(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_(have)manyChinesefriendsand_(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextm

30、onth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidnthavefelthasstudieswillvisit第43页/共55页One good turn deserves another I _(have)dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.Tony _(work)in a lawyers office years ago,but he _(work)at a bank now.He _(get)a good salary,but he always _(borrow)money from his friends and ne

31、ver _(pay)it back.Tony _(see)me and _(come)and _(sit)at the same table.He _ never _(borrow)money from me.While he _(eat),I _(ask)him to lend me twenty pounds.To my surprise,he _(give)me the money immediately.I have never borrowed any money from you,Tony said,so now you can pay for my dinner!washavin

32、gworkedisworkingaskedsawcamehassatgavewaseatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed第44页/共55页动词的语态动词的语态 (voices)(voices)动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：be+v.pp第45页/共55页动词时态语态一览表(以do为例）时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/aredoing现在完成时现在完成时have/hasdone一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/wer

33、edoing过去完成时过去完成时haddone一般将来时一般将来时willdo将来完成时将来完成时willhavedoneam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone第46页/共55页类别类别构成形式构成形式例句例句时时态态一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+doneEnglish is widely used in the world.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneWe were asked

34、to help them.一般将来时一般将来时will/shall+be doneA class meeting will be held next Monday.过去将来时过去将来时 should/would+be doneShe said those flowers should be watered.现在进行时现在进行时is/am/are+being doneThe blackboard is being painted now.过去进行时过去进行时was/were+being doneThose flowers were being watered when I left.现在完成时现

35、在完成时have/has+been doneAll these flowers have been watered.过去完成时过去完成时had+been doneThe building had been completed before I arrived.第47页/共55页主动形式表被动意义Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Theyogurtinthefridge_(已经变质）.hasgonebad1.连系动词连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,sta

36、y,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.构成系表结构构成系表结构,主动表被动。主动表被动。第48页/共55页2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等主动表被动。Workbeganat7oclockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3.need/want/requiredoing,beworthdoing,betoblame主动表被动。Theequipmentinthecorner_(需要修理).requiresrepair

37、ing第49页/共55页AIfeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameWho do you think _ for the failure of their marriage?A.to blame B.to be blame C.is to blame D.is to be blamed C第50页/共55页Nyloncleanseasily.Thismaterialhaswornthin.Yourpenwritessmoothly.Therec

38、orderwontplay.(这种布耐洗。)(他的书没有销路。)The cloth washes well.His book does not sell.4.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。常有一个修饰语。第51页/共55页Murtiplechoice1.Thiscoastalarea_anationalwildlifer

39、eservelastyear.A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.namesA2.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedD第52页/共55页3.Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedB说明说明：bytheendof短语一般都与完成时连用。短语一般都与完成时

40、连用。4.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencutC第53页/共55页1、对於这个问题，关注很少。Littleattentionwaspaidtothisproblem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。Groupdiscussionshouldbeencouragedinclass.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。Itisreportedthatanewroadwillbebuilthere.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。Measuresshouldbetakentostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.第54页/共55页感谢您的观看！第55页/共55页