初中英语语法课件专题八非谓语动词.pptx

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1、专题八非谓语动词一、动词不定式一、动词不定式动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。功能功能例句例句说明说明主语主语To swim here is dangerous.在这儿游泳是危险的。在这儿游泳是危险的。动词不定式作主语时常可转动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用化为用it作形式主语作形式主语表语表语My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。我的工作是照看我妹妹。多数情况下

2、多数情况下,动词不定式作表动词不定式作表语语,可转换为作主语可转换为作主语宾语宾语I want to be an actor.我想成为一名演员。我想成为一名演员。只能作某些动词的宾语只能作某些动词的宾语,一般一般不作介词的宾语不作介词的宾语此外此外,不定式可以与疑问词连用不定式可以与疑问词连用,用作主语、宾语、表语等。用作主语、宾语、表语等。When to start hasnt been discussed.什么时候开始还没有被讨论。什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语作主语)功能功能例句例句说明说明宾语宾语补足补足语语She asked me to speak English.她要求我说英语

3、。她要求我说英语。在在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后等使役动词后,不不定式省略定式省略to定语定语Do you have anything to say?你有要说的吗你有要说的吗?不定式作定语不定式作定语,要放在所要放在所修饰词的后面修饰词的后面状语状语I come here to see you.我来这里是为了见你。我来这里是为了见你。不定式作状语不定式作状语,其逻辑主其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致语要和句子的主语一致【巧学妙记巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词只能跟不定式作宾语的动词决心学会有希望决心学会有希望(decide,determine,learn,wis

4、h,hope),同意计划莫假装同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒绝会失败胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail),准备设法来帮忙准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供请求负担起提供请求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),答应安排理应当答应安排理应当(promise,arrange,be supposed),以上后跟不定式以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。劝君牢记永不忘。【即学活用即学活用】1.What happens when you hear a strange noise at night,or fi

5、nd a big spider in the corner of your bedroom?It often makes us_(jump).2.When you leave,please turn off the lights_(save)energy.3.The joke was so funny that it made him_(laugh)again and again.4.I still like those good old songs I often listened to_(enjoy)myself in my spare time.5.Tony,remember_(not,

6、talk)with your mouth full of food.答案答案:1.jump2.to save3.laugh4.to enjoy 5.not to talk二、动名词的语法功能二、动名词的语法功能功能功能例句例句说明说明主语主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害处。吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数宾语宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。我非常喜欢打篮球。表示习惯性的动作表示习惯性的动作Stamps are used for sending

7、letters.邮票是用来寄信的。邮票是用来寄信的。表语表语His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下可转换为多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语动名词作主语定语定语Bill is in the reading room.比尔在阅览室里。比尔在阅览室里。只表明它所修饰的词只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙记巧学妙记】喜欢喜欢(enjoy)不断不断(keep)提建议提建议(suggest)盼望盼望(look forward to)习惯习惯(be used to)却完毕却完毕(finish)想要想要(feel li

8、ke)花费花费(spend)去练习去练习(practice)忍俊不禁忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意还介意(mind)后接动词后接动词-ing【即学活用即学活用】1.Sarah,youd better drink more water after_(run)for such a long time.2.When we practice_(speak)English,we often end up_(speak)in Chinese.3.Do you think it will stop_(rain)by noon?Well,it is really hard to say.4.A grou

9、p of middle school students spent two weeks_(trek)through the jungle.5.Tina is so shy that she is afraid of_(speak)in front of a group.答案答案:1.running2.speaking;speaking3.raining4.trekking5.speaking三、分词三、分词功能功能说明说明例句例句定语定语现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是所其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词修饰的词;过去分过去分词作定语词作定语,其逻辑其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的宾语是它所修饰的词词

10、Do you know the boy playing football?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗?Please hand in your written exercise.请交上你的书面练习。请交上你的书面练习。状语状语分词的逻辑主语是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语句子的主语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看从小山上看,我们的我们

11、的学校显得更美丽了。学校显得更美丽了。功能功能说明说明例句例句表语表语现在分词表示主语的性现在分词表示主语的性质、特征质、特征;过去分词表过去分词表示某种状态示某种状态The news is exciting.这个消息令人兴奋。这个消息令人兴奋。Im interested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。我对这本书感兴趣。补补足足语语现在分词作补足语现在分词作补足语,被被修饰的宾语或主语是它修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语的逻辑主语(即主动关即主动关系系);过去分词作补足语过去分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语是它的逻辑宾语(即被即被动关系动关系)Dont

12、 keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等很长时间。别让我等很长时间。I had my hair cut last night.昨天晚上我理发了。昨天晚上我理发了。【即学活用即学活用】1.There must be somebody_(come)into the house.2.Grandpa Li is old and he has trouble_(hear)what others say to him.3.Im sorry to have kept you_(wait)for such a long time.It doesnt matter.4.Look!There are some birds_(fly)in the sky.They are very beautiful.5.Is the woman_(talk)with our teacher your mother?She is my aunt.答案答案:ing2.hearing3.waiting4.flying5.talking