手动于电动工具安全使用.ppt

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1、OSHA Office of Training and Education1Hand and Power Tool SafetyOSHA Office of Training and Education2Class ObjectivesDescribe general guidelines for hand and power tool safety.Describe important hand and power tool basics.Describe correct steps for proper tool maintenance and handling.Identify pers

2、onal protective equipment for using hand and power tools.Describe safety procedures for point of operation safety.Describe general guidelines for proper hand tool safety.Describe general guidelines for proper electric tool safety.Describe general guidelines for proper abrasive wheel tool safety.Desc

3、ribe general guidelines for proper pneumatic tool safety.Describe general guidelines for proper fuel and hydraulic tool safety.Describe ergonomics in relation to tool use.OSHA Office of Training and Education3Just the FactsThe Occupational Safety and Health Administration states that most injuries o

4、n construction sites involve excavation cave-ins,power tool accidents,falls,electrical hazards,and exposure to potentially dangerous materials Working with power tools,you can get an electric shock,lose a finger,lose an eye,or go deaf.Its especially dangerous to use a tool thats defective,thats been

5、 modified,or thats not designed for the job.Of course,you can also get injured if you use any tool carelessly.OSHA Office of Training and Education4Regulations and Guidelines for Hand and Power Tools For General Industry1910 Subpart P,Hand and Portable Power Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment.1910.

6、241,Definitions.1910.242,Hand and portable powered tools and equipment,general.1910.243,Guarding of portable powered tools.1910.244,Other portable tools and equipment.OSHA Office of Training and Education5OSHA Publication 3080Hand and Power Tools(2002 revised)_http:/Great reference that can be saved

7、 or printed for your useOSHA Office of Training and Education6What the Regulations say about Hand Tools Each employer shall be responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by employees This includes tools and equipment which may be furnished by employeesOSHA Office of Training and

8、Education7What the Regulations say about Hand ToolsEmployers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand toolsWrenches,including adjustable,pipe,end,and socket wrenches shall not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occursImpact tools,such as drift pins,wedges,and chisels,sha

9、ll be kept free of mushroomed headsThe wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the toolOSHA Office of Training and Education8HazardsWorkers using hand and power tools maybe exposed to thesehazards:工人在使用工人在使用手动或电动工具时可手动或电动工具时可能有如下的危险：能有如下的危险：Object

10、s that fall,fly,are abrasive,or splash包括：跌落、飞来物、研磨屑或飞溅包括：跌落、飞来物、研磨屑或飞溅 Harmful dusts,fumes,mists,vapors,and gases有害的粉尘、烟气、雾气、蒸汽和气体有害的粉尘、烟气、雾气、蒸汽和气体 Frayed or damaged electrical cords,hazardous connections and improper grounding破旧的或损坏的电线、危险的（错误的）电气连接和未接地破旧的或损坏的电线、危险的（错误的）电气连接和未接地 Vibration and impact

11、振动和冲击振动和冲击OSHA Office of Training and Education9What do you think are the mostcommon injuries from working with hand and power tools?你认为哪些是手动和电动工具使用中最你认为哪些是手动和电动工具使用中最常见的伤害？常见的伤害？Electric shock 触电 Flash burns弧光灼伤 Falling坠落 Hand and Eye injuries手和眼睛伤害 Hearing loss 听力损伤 Crushing,cuts orlosing a body p

12、art切割伤害或失去身体的部位 Ergonomic injuries人体功能伤害OSHA Office of Training and Education10Basic Tool Safety Rules基本工具安全规则基本工具安全规则 Maintain regularly定期保养定期保养 Inspect before use使用前检查使用前检查 Use the right tool for the job工作中选择使用正确的工具工作中选择使用正确的工具 Operate according to manufacturers instructions 按照工具操作说明使用按照工具操作说明使用 U

13、se the right Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)使用正确的个人防护用品使用正确的个人防护用品 Use guarding作业监护作业监护OSHA Office of Training and Education11Hand Tool HazardsHazards are usually caused by misuse and improper maintenanceDo not use:wrenches when jaws are sprung impact tools(chisels and wedges)when heads have mush

14、roomed tools with loose,cracked or splintered handles a screwdriver as a chisel tools with taped handles they may be hiding cracksCrackOSHA Office of Training and Education12Cutting and Slicing Tools(Knives,Box Cutters,Scissors,Razor Blades,etc)Safety Gloves Protection against accidental cuts and vi

15、brationA Sharp Blade Is Safer When dull,a blade can slip from the object being cut and cause a serious injury.Cut Downward Always away from your hand.Put It Back Never leave a cutting tool lying on a table,chair,sink or desk.There are only three places that a cutting tool should ever be 1)in use,2)s

16、tored safely in a drawer,tool box,in a knife rack,or,3)in the dishwasher(blade down,handle up)Never put knives in a sink full of soapy or dirty water.Someone could reach into the water and severely cut their hand.OSHA Office of Training and Education13Cutting and Slicing ToolsLet It Go!Never attempt

17、 to catch a dropped knife or other cutting tool let it fall.Wipe Away From The Sharp Edge if you need to wipe or clean material off the blade,always wipe awayfrom the sharp edge.Never Touch The Sharp Edge Always use a piece of paper to test the sharpness of a knife NEVER use your fingers!Never use a

18、 knife as a substitute for other tools suchas a screwdriver or bottle opener.OSHA Office of Training and Education14OSHA Office of Training and Education15Hand Tools-ProtectionKeep floor surface where working free from debris and tripping or slipping hazardsKeep cutting tools sharpUse tools as they

19、were intended to be usedUse Personal Protective Equipment(PPE),such as safety glasses and glovesPPE determined by Job Hazard Analysis(JHA)OSHA Office of Training and Education16OSHA Office of Training and Education17 Does PPE Help?A trash bag that held a turpentine container ruptured.Without warning

20、,the can exploded and the mixture of paint thinner and paint sprayed all over Phils face,head,and upper body.The force of the explosion knocked him to the ground.While applying siding with an air powered staple gun,the son fired a staple,hitting ametal plate behind the siding.It ricocheted back towa

21、rds his face and one leg of the staple penetrated the safety glasses lens.The staple hit with such force that the frames were cracked and the son received bruising on the eyebrow and cheekbone.OSHA Office of Training and Education18PPE StandardsVarious OSHA standards list specific requirementsfor va

22、rious types/levels of PPELogging StandardsElectrical StandardsHazardous Noise StandardsRespiratory Protection StandardsChemical-Specific Standards OSHA Office of Training and Education19Personal Protective EquipmentOSHA Office of Training and Education20Power ToolsMust be fitted with guards and safe

23、ty switchesExtremely hazardous whenused improperlyDifferent types,determinedby their power source:Electric Pneumatic Liquid fuel Hydraulic Powder-actuatedOSHA Office of Training and Education21General Safety Guidelines for Power Tools Be aware of all power lines and electrical circuits,water pipes,a

24、nd other mechanical hazards in your work area,particularly those below the work surface,hidden from the operators view,that may be contacted.Wear proper apparel.Do not wear loose clothing,dangling objects or jewelry.Long hair must be restrained.Gloves should not be worn when operating certain power

25、tools.Check appropriate tool manuals.OSHA Office of Training and Education22Spark Resistant Tools Around flammable substances,sparks produced by iron and steel hand tools can be a dangerous ignition source.Where this hazard exists,spark-resistant tools made from brass,plastic,aluminum,or wood will p

26、rovide for safety.OSHA Office of Training and Education23Non-sparking,spark-resistant or spark-proof“tools are names given to tools made of metals suchas brass,bronze,Monel metal(copper-nickel alloy),copper-aluminum alloys(aluminum bronze),copper-beryllium alloys(beryllium bronze),andtitanium.Prefer

27、red non-sparking metals have less tensilestrength than steels usually used to make tools.A lower tensile strength means the metal has lessstrength or resistance to tearing apart whenstretched under test conditions.It also means that these tools are softer,wear downmore quickly than ordinary steel to

28、ols,and have to be dressed more frequently.OSHA Office of Training and Education24Most Dangerous Powered Hand Tool?HINTS2.Parts can move up to 68 miles an hour1.Operating temperature can reach 900 degrees F.3.At full speed,600 teeth pass at a given point per second4.One in 5 injuries are from“kickba

29、ck”.OSHA Office of Training and Education25SwitchesHand-held power tools must be equipped with one of the following:Constant pressure switch shuts off power upon release Examples:circular saw,chain saw,grinder,hand-held power drillOn-Off SwitchExamples:routers,planers,laminate trimmers,shears,jig sa

30、ws,nibblers,scroll sawsOSHA Office of Training and Education26Power Tools-Precautions Disconnect tools when not in use,before servicing and cleaning,and when changing accessories Keep people not involved with the work away from the work Secure work with clamps or a vise,freeing both hands to operate

31、 the tool Dont hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool Keep tools sharp and clean Remove damaged electric tools&tag them:“Do Not Use”OSHA Office of Training and Education27Power Tools PrecautionsElectric CordsDont carry portable tools by the cordDont use electric cords to hoist or lo

32、wer tools Dont yank cord or hose to disconnect itKeep cords and hoses away from heat,oil,and sharp edgesReplace damaged cords immediately!OSHA Office of Training and Education28Would you use this extension cord?OSHA Office of Training and Education29To protect a worker from shock,these tools must:ha

33、ve a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle be double insulated,or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformerElectric Power ToolsDouble insulated markingsPlug with a grounding pinOSHA Office of Training and Education30Electric Tools Good Practices Operate within design limits Use glov

34、es and safety shoes Store in a dry place Dont use in wet locations unless approved for that(use GFCI)Keep work areas well lit Ensure cords dont present a tripping hazardOSHA Office of Training and Education31Good Practice?OSHA Office of Training and Education32Cordless Tools Need Love TooOSHA Office

35、 of Training and Education33Abrasive Wheels and ToolsMay throw off flying fragmentsEquip with guards that:Cover the spindle end,nut,&flange projections Maintain proper alignment with the wheel Dont exceed the strength of the fasteningsGuard so that a minimal amount of the wheel is exposedOSHA Office

36、 of Training and Education34Inspecting Abrasive Wheels Before mounting:inspect closely for damage perform sound-or ring-test to ensure free from cracks and defectsTo test:tap wheel gently with a light,non-metallic instrument if wheel sounds cracked or dead,do not use it because it could fly apartOSH

37、A Office of Training and Education35Abrasive Wheel UseTo prevent cracking:Fit the wheel freely on the spindle Tighten the spindle nut enough to hold the wheel in place without distorting the flange Let the tool come up to speed prior to grinding or cutting Dont stand in front of the wheel as it come

38、s up to full speed Use eye and/or face protectionEnsure the spindle speed doesnt exceed the maximum speed marked on the wheelOSHA Office of Training and Education36Abrasive Wheel Work RestsKeep work rests not more than 1/8th inch from wheel surface This prevents jamming the work between the wheel an

39、d the rest,which may cause the wheel to breakDont adjust wheel while its rotatingOSHA Office of Training and Education37GuardingGuard exposed moving parts of power tools Guard belts,gears,shafts,pulleys,sprockets,spindles,flywheels,chains,or other moving parts Never remove a guard when a tool is in

40、useOSHA Office of Training and Education38The point of operation is where the work is actually performed on the materials it must be guardedGuarding-Point of OperationThis shows a radial arm saw equipped with proper point of operation guardsOSHA Office of Training and Education39Guarding ProtectionM

41、achine guards must protect the operator and others from:Point of operation In-running nip points Rotating parts Flying chips and sparksNip PointOSHA Office of Training and Education40Guard to prevent the operator from coming in contact the the rotating bladeRadial Saw GuardingRadial arm saw equipped

42、 with an upper and lower blade guardOSHA Office of Training and Education41Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe.The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.Guarding Portable Circular SawsOSHA Office of Training and Education42Use a hood for guardingAvoid This.Hood

43、 guardTable Saw GuardingOSHA Office of Training and Education43Pneumatic ToolsPowered by compressed air Includes nailers,staplers,chippers,drills&sandersMain hazard-getting hit by a tool attachment or by a fastener the worker is using with the toolTake the same precautions with an air hose that you

44、take with electric cordsNail Gun-Cut-Away ViewOSHA Office of Training and Education44Pneumatic Tools-FasteningEnsure tool is fastened securely to the air hose to prevent a disconnection Use a short wire or positive locking device attaching the air hose to the toolWire used to secure hoseOSHA Office

45、of Training and Education45Pneumatic Tool Connections Unacceptable AcceptableHose Hose clampclampOSHA Office of Training and Education46Pneumatic Tool SafetyPlace a safety device on the muzzle to prevent the tool from ejecting fasteners,unless the muzzle is in contact with work surfaceInstall a safe

46、ty clip or retainer to prevent attachments,such as chisels on a chipping hammer,from being ejectedWear eye protection.Wear hearing protection with jackhammers.Muzzle in contact with work surfaceOSHA Office of Training and Education47Compressed Air CleaningDont use compressed air for cleaning Excepti

47、on-where reduced to less than 30.with effective chip guarding and PPEOSHA Office of Training and Education48Outdoor“Yard”ToolsRead and Heed owners manualGuards in placeTurn off to perform maintenance or free jams/debrisWear PPEProper plug in or fueling proceduresOSHA Office of Training and Education

48、49Liquid Fuel ToolsUsually gas poweredMain hazard fuel vaporsCarbon Monoxide HazardsUse only approved flammable liquid containersBefore refilling a fuel-powered tool tank,shut down the engineand allow it to coolRefuel at least 10 feet from combustible materialsOSHA Office of Training and Education50

49、Powder-Actuated ToolsUser must be trained and licensed to operateTest tool each day before loading to ensure the safety devices are working properlyWear suitable ear,eye,and face protectionSelect a powder level that will do the work without excessive forceOSHA Office of Training and Education51Fatal

50、 FactEmployee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool.Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wallOSHA Office of Training and Education52Easily Penetrated MaterialAvoid driving into materials easily penetrated unless