高考第一轮复习专题——定语从句.ppt

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1、高考第一轮复习专题高考第一轮复习专题定语从句定语从句Attributive clauseMrNiuiskind.Everyonelikeshim.MrNiu(who)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语宾语)Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.定语从句及相关术语定语从句及相关术语1.定定语语从从句句：修修饰饰一一个个名名词词或或代代词词的的从从句句称称为为定定语语从从句句，(一一般般紧紧跟跟在在它它所所修修饰饰的的先先行行词词后

2、后面。面。)2.关系词关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词引导定语从句的关联词为关系词 关系词有关系词有关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词。关系代词关系代词有有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；等；关系副词关系副词有有where,when,why等。等。引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代人whowho，whomwhom，thatthat指代事物指代事物 whichwhichthatthat所属关系所属关系 whosewhoseof whichof which指地点指地点wherewhere指时间指时间whenwhen指原因指原因whywhy定语从句分

3、类定语从句分类定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句一一.限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.I visited the school where I studied.The day came at last when I went to college.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词1.从句的从句的位置位置:2.从句

4、的从句的翻译翻译:3.从句的从句的构成构成：先行词之后先行词之后“.的的”关系词关系词注意注意事项事项一）一）.关系代词和先行词的关系关系代词和先行词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose

5、实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系代词的用法关系代词的用法练习练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whi

6、chitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.定语从句高考考点分析定语从句高考考点分析（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，谓谓语的单复数由先行词决定语的单复数由先行词决定eg.1.The man who_(live)downstairs speaks English fluently.2.The students who _(be)in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3.He is one of the students who_ (have)finished the homework.4.He

7、is the only one of the students Who_ (have)finished the homework.livesare havehas 1.当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰修饰时时,如如:all,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等等（二）只能用（二）只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the same,little,few,no,any等修饰时等修饰时 3.当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行

8、词时 4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Icareabout.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihavewo

9、rkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中（三）只用（三）只用which 不用不用that的的情况情况 在介词后面在介词后面先行词是整个分句先行词是整个分句e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Azooisapark

10、in_manykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itthat,which,whose,whomorwho?1.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_ madeothersupset.2.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_ sataboy.3.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.4.Theboy_ motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.whichwhich whomwhose二）、关系副词和先行词

11、的关系二）、关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=why关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句n1.when指时间，在从句中做时间状语指时间，在从句中做时间状语n I still remember the day when/on whichn I

12、 first came to the school.2.where指地点，在从句中做地点状语指地点，在从句中做地点状语n Shanghai is the city where/in which I was born.n3.why指原因，在从句中做原因状语指原因，在从句中做原因状语n Please tell me the reason why/for which you missed the plane.关系副词关系副词=“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city t

13、hat/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?注意介词注意介词的位置变的位置变化！化！介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?注意介词注意介词的位置变的位置变化！化！介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a sc

14、ientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见：可见：可见：可见：whowho、that that 不能不能不能不能用于介词之用于介词之用于介词之用于介词之后！后！后！后！介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?在固定短在固定短语中语中介词介词不

15、能提前！不能提前！注意：如何判断介词注意：如何判断介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配3、根据介词与先行词搭配、根据介词与先行词搭配eg.Hegavemesomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.He

16、builtatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhich介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习二二.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句3、The town where I live is beautiful.4、ChongQing,where I l

17、ive,is beautiful.1、Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.2、Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 关系词关系词限制性定限制性定语从句语从句修饰限定修饰限定 不能不能可用可用THAT非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分 补充解释补充解释 能能不可用不可用THATas 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known t

18、o all,the earth is roundwhich/as Asas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 和和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子一样可以代表前面的整个句子as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本

19、书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentenc

20、es and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)四四.难点分析难点分析一）一）区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句1 1定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句补充说明先行词的具体内容句补充说明先行词的具体内容.n2定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词在在句句中中充充当当成成分分，有有时时可可省省；同同位位语语从从句句主主要要由由that引引导导，在在句句中中不不做做成成分分；也也可可由由

21、when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分等词引导，充当成分3.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可用同位语从句和先行词一般可用bebe动词发动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews(that)hetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(4)Theproblemhowwecancollect

22、somuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.定语同位语同位语定语定语同位语同位语高考英语定语从句试题精选1Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,made the other unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 2.-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right,just the one_you know I used to work for years.A.that B.which C.where

23、 D.what3.The journey around the world took the old sailornine months,_the sailing time was 226 days.A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which高考英语定语从句试题精选4._ is often the case,we have worked outthe production plan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As5.He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been6.York,_last year,is a nice old city.A.that I visited B.which I visited C.where I visited D.in which I visitedDDB