语言优化学习.pptx

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1、词汇途径第1页/共47页 短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：第2页/共47页I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.I like it可以用短语表达:I am keen on it,I am

2、fond of it.I am crazy for itI do it可以用短语表达:I am working on it.I get the answer可以用短语表达:I figure it out,I come up with it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。第3页/共47页多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大而空的词。第4页/共47页比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nicenice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,sma

3、rt,gentle,warm-hearted,hospitable 之类的形象词。第5页/共47页再比如：走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 第6页/共47页举例说明:看的各种表达形式look,see,watch,observe,peer,glare,stare glance,glimpse,skew

4、,leer 笑的各种表达形式 smile,laugh,giggle,chuckle,grin 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！第7页/共47页练习：写出下列单词的替换词1individuals,characters,folks代替(people,persons)2:positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding代替good3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害的)代替bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impre

5、ssive代替eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games,enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation,as a result,they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,many

6、,if not most)代替many.注：用many,if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。Eg.Many individuals,if not most,harbor the idea that.同理 用most,if not all,代替most.5:a slice of,quiet a few,several 代替some 6:harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged th

7、at)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)7:affair,business,matter 代替thing8:shared 代 common第8页/共47页练习：写出下列单词的替换词9.reap huge fruits 代替get much benefit ）10:for my part,from my own perspective 代替 in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 代替more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.

8、Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything,或little or nothing代替hardly13.benefitial rewarding代替helpful;be beneficial of14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,代替customer15.exceedingly,extremely 代替very16.hardly unnecessary,hardly ine

9、vitable.代替 necessary,evitable17.sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替sb take interest in18.capture ones attention 代替attract ones attention.第9页/共47页练习：写出下列单词的替换词19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of,be suggestive of,be fearful of代 indicate,suggest,fear21.give ri

10、se to,lead to,result in,trigger 代替cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 代替.reasons for sth23.desire 代替want.24.pour attention into 代替pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 代替remember26.enjoy,possess 代替have(注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction代替communication28.frown on sth代替 be against,disagree with

11、sth29.to name only a few,as an example代替 for example30.next to/virtually impossible,代替nearly impossible第10页/共47页句式途径第11页/共47页长短句原则 写一个短小精辟的句子，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature,I eat;as a man,I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to sati

12、sfy the intellectual need of mind,they are in a way quite similar.第12页/共47页强烈建议强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先短后长；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。第13页/共47页句式多变原则 句子组织形式的多样化，即在120150词内，尽量使用不同的句子形式，使句子更为生动活泼。第14页/共47页句式变化的方法：1）加法（串联）都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长

13、句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子是先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjoy music,and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft,but it is also warm.第15页/共47页其它的短语可以用：besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover 第16页/共47页2）转折（拐弯抹角）批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让

14、人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个转折词就够了。The car was quite old,yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin,but it was warm.第17页/共47页更多的短语：despite that,still,however,nevertheless,in spite of,despite,第18页/共47页3）因果（so,so,so）昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，

15、先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！The snow began to fall,so we went home.第19页/共47页更多短语：then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,as a result,for this reason,so that 第20页/共47页4)假设假设1)If a person is honest to others,he will surely win a lot of friends.2)If we desire to have a good command of

16、 the English Language,we should first of all try to speak the language.第21页/共47页5）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。第22页/共47页举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.At presen

17、t,more and more people become aware that the protection of the global environment means the protection of human beings.第23页/共47页主语和主语从句 名词、代词、动名词、不定式以及名词性从句都可以作主语。后三种，学生在写作时用起来不是很熟练，但却很有价值，可以在很大程度上提高语言质量。下面我们看几组例句：动名词作主语 Listening to some light music will help you calm down.Talking to a person like

18、him is just like talking to a deaf.第24页/共47页不定式作主语 To see is to believe.To help others is to help yourself in a sense.To see things as they are,to go right to the right point,to disentangle a skein of thought,to detect what is sophistical,and to discard what is irrelevant is after all,what a univers

19、ity training should be aiming at.第25页/共47页主语从句主语从句一般由what,who,which,why,how,when,which,whetheror 等引导，这些名词性从句作主语时，我们称之为主语从句。Why he would reject such a good offer remained unknown all these years.Whether we can succeed or not depends upon our efforts.What you have done for us will be in our memory for

20、 ever.当句子的实际主语太长时，英语习惯用先行代词it作形式主语，然后再引出真正的主语It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.And with our current methods,it is hard to estimate the loss in environmental terms as many negative results may take decades to emerge.第26页/共47页其他常用先行代词it作形式主语的句型还有:It is self-evident that 很明显的是It go

21、es without saying that 不用说It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 据信 It is generally considered that 人们普遍认为 It is hoped that 人们希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测It is well-known that 众所周知 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It must be p

22、ointed out that 需指出的是 It was told that 据传 It will be said that 有人会说 It follows that 由此可见It is inappropriate that 是不合适的 主语从句第27页/共47页6）附加（同位语，插入语,定语从句）The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I dont enjoy that book you are reading.Mr.Liu,our oral English teacher,is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语-要解释的

23、东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之后。第28页/共47页7）排比（排山倒海句）文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！第29页/共47页Whether your tastes are modern or traditional,sophisticated or simple,there is plenty in London for y

24、ou.Nowadays,energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil,coal,natural gas,solar heat,the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard,to enlarge our scope of knowledge,to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏）第30页/共47页 Sports and games are good for our health.Undoubted

25、ly,regular participation in games and sports will enable one to build a strong body,to have a good appetite and to delay the process of aging.Moreover,by means of the training of sports and games,a person will be quicker in doing things and stronger in fighting against disease.第31页/共47页8)强调强调1)Only

26、by constant practice shall we write English composition well.2)Never will a person make any progress in his studies if he is afraid of mistakes,and this is especially true in language learning.第32页/共47页 (3)Obviously,a man with poor health cannot expect to enjoy a happy life.(4)Undoubtedly,students w

27、ho have a good mastery of English and computer science will have a better chance in job hunting.第33页/共47页(5)Admittedly,young people may have different attitude toward life.(6)Surely,no one can expect to achieve progress if he is afraid of competition.(7)Surprisingly,some students who work very hard

28、at English cant pass CET-4.第34页/共47页9）挑战极限 分词短语和独立主格结构既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非高不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现含分词短语或诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，分词要求主语一致；而独立主格则就是分词的一种特殊形式，可以不一致。比如：第35页/共47页1)分词结构分词结构(1)Considering your goal and interest,I suggest you choose Computer Science as your major.(2)A student playing

29、 computer games all day long will not be able to concentrate himself on his study.第36页/共47页2)独立主格结构The weather being fine,a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent,its size being about three times that of China.第37页/共47页句子翻译练习：句子翻译练习：作文常用句型作文常用句型

30、第38页/共47页1.众所周知众所周知，因特网在社会发展中，因特网在社会发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。发挥着日益重要的作用。It is generally acknowledged(believed/recognized)that the Internet is playing a more and more important role in the development of our society.2.现在，越来越多的人意识到现在，越来越多的人意识到保护环境保护环境就意味着保护人类自身。就意味着保护人类自身。At present,more and more people become a

31、ware that the protection of the global environment means the protection of human beings.第39页/共47页 3.随着随着移动电话和因特网移动电话和因特网的普及的普及，通讯，通讯变得极为快捷和便利。变得极为快捷和便利。With the popularity of mobile phone and the Internet,communication becomes very fast and convenient 4.说到说到健康更重要还是金钱更重要，健康更重要还是金钱更重要，不同年龄的人可能会有不同的看法。

32、不同年龄的人可能会有不同的看法。When it comes to the importance of wealth and health,people of different ages may have different opinions.第40页/共47页5.必必要要的的营营养养对对健健康康是是有有益益的的。但但营营养养过过度则会导致疾病。度则会导致疾病。It is true that necessary nutrition is good to our health.But it is also true that too much nutrition will result in i

33、llness.6.常常识识告告诉诉我我们们，没没有有持持之之以以恒恒的的练练习习，是不可能讲一口流利的英语的。是不可能讲一口流利的英语的。Common sense tells us that not matter how rich a person is,he can never enjoy his wealth if he is in poor health.第41页/共47页 7.我认为我认为，电视和电影对人们的影响，电视和电影对人们的影响 不可忽视的。不可忽视的。As I see it,the influence of television and movies over people

34、cannot be ignored.8.有迹象表明有迹象表明，不重视忽视身体锻炼的，不重视忽视身体锻炼的学生越来越少了。学生越来越少了。There are indications that the number of students who ignore the physical exercises is becoming smaller.第42页/共47页9.从这一意义而言从这一意义而言，教师要视教学为生命，教师要视教学为生命的一部分是很不容易的。的一部分是很不容易的。In this sense,it is not easy to be a teacher who regards teac

35、hing as part of his/her life.10.在所有的在所有的科目中，计算机和英语科目中，计算机和英语是是求求职中职中最重要的最重要的。Of all the courses,computer science and English are the most significant and realistic in job hunting.第43页/共47页11.毫无疑问毫无疑问，掌握一定的句型对英语写，掌握一定的句型对英语写作有很大的帮助。作有很大的帮助。Undoubtedly,the mastery of a certain number of sentence patte

36、rns will be helpful to English writing.12.一个要一个要求得一份理想的工作求得一份理想的工作的人的人，必必须首先须首先具有良好的自信心。具有良好的自信心。A student who desires to find an ideal job must know that confidence is of great importance in employment.第44页/共47页13.事事实实是是，不不重重视视健健康康的的人人，很很可可能能会会疾病缠身，甚至英年早世。疾病缠身，甚至英年早世。The truth is that some people w

37、ho do not take care of their health will suffer a great deal from their illness or even die young.14.如如果果我我们们说说家家庭庭给给人人提提供供了了成成长长的的环环境境，但但我我们们也也得得承承认认朋朋友友对对一一个个人人的的思想形成有重要的影响。思想形成有重要的影响。If we say that family offers the environment for ones living,we must point out that friends also play an important

38、 part in shaping our idea.第45页/共47页15.如如果果一一个个人人没没有有良良好好的的体体魄魄，他他绝绝不不可能可能在事业和生活上取得成功。在事业和生活上取得成功。No one will expect to achieve success in his work or life if he does not have a sound body.16.综综上上所所述述，我我们们可可以以得得出出如如下下结结论论：珍惜时间的人一定会得到最大的回报。珍惜时间的人一定会得到最大的回报。From what has been discussed above,we may draw the conclusion that a person who is wealthy will not necessarily be healthy.第46页/共47页感谢您的观看！第47页/共47页