语法填空解题技巧1.pptx

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1、Learning aim：1.To learn how to finish Grammar Cloze.2.To learn the techniques to finish Grammar Cloze.3.To learn to apply the techniques into the future study.learningmethods：Task-basedmethod;Discussion;Cooperativelearning.第1页/共48页语法填空解读：语法填空解读：这个题型是克隆广东高考题和众多高考题有一拼。大部分学生感觉这个题型是克隆广东高考题和众多高考题有一拼。大部分学

2、生感觉难度不大，因为它动用的语法项目和知识并不复杂。我们也从中找出了难度不大，因为它动用的语法项目和知识并不复杂。我们也从中找出了规律，让学生在做题中做到事半功倍。规律，让学生在做题中做到事半功倍。这个题型本来不难，但从全国的考生得分率来看却比较低。究其原这个题型本来不难，但从全国的考生得分率来看却比较低。究其原因还是语法概念不清。要理清几个潜规则：所填实词给出词源，虚词不因还是语法概念不清。要理清几个潜规则：所填实词给出词源，虚词不给提示。基本要求是一对一去填，时态语态除外。语法类型基本不重叠。给提示。基本要求是一对一去填，时态语态除外。语法类型基本不重叠。用全国高考历年的单选题练习语法填空

3、是个不错的选择。用全国高考历年的单选题练习语法填空是个不错的选择。第2页/共48页Step1高考大纲要求：高考大纲要求：1717年延续了年延续了1515、1616年高考大纲要求，年高考大纲要求，1515年考纲最重要的变化就是年考纲最重要的变化就是对题型进行了调整，取消原来的对题型进行了调整，取消原来的1515道单选题，新增道单选题，新增1010道语法填空题，道语法填空题，分值不变仍为分值不变仍为1515分。其目的是考察学生语法知识，语言阅读能力。分。其目的是考察学生语法知识，语言阅读能力。试题模式：试题模式：语法填空题是给出语法填空题是给出200200字左右的一段短文或对话，段字左右的一段短文

4、或对话，段落中给出落中给出1010个填空，其中个填空，其中4-74-7个填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确个填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余3-63-6个填空是结合上下文直接填词。个填空是结合上下文直接填词。考察重点：考察重点：主、被动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用。主、被动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用。考察特点：考察特点：要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1 1个单个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。词）或所提供单词的正确形式。Learningprocedures：第3页/共48页阅读阅

5、读/理解语篇的能力理解语篇的能力分析句子结构的能力分析句子结构的能力熟练运用语法的能力熟练运用语法的能力单词单词拼写与语言应用能力拼写与语言应用能力语法填空题语法填空题能力要求能力要求第4页/共48页Step2Self-explorationandcooperationFinishthefollowingtasks:Finishthefollowingtasks:1.Finishthefollowing1.FinishthefollowingGrammarCloze2.Discussingroupsandcheckyouranswer.3.Sharethewayyoufillineachbla

6、nk.第5页/共48页请在解题的过程中思考：请在解题的过程中思考：主要考点：没有题示词的纯空格题主要填了哪主要考点：没有题示词的纯空格题主要填了哪几类词？有提示词的题主要考查了哪几类语法几类词？有提示词的题主要考查了哪几类语法知识？知识？第6页/共48页2016高考全国新课标I Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top 61 _(attract).So it was a great h

7、onor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research,I 62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.From tomorrow,I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63_(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.But my conne

8、ction with pandas goes back 64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65_ I was the first Western TV reporter 66_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial dutiesattractionwasallowedofficiallytowhenpermitted第7页/共48页will include 67_(introduce

9、)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit,I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 _(it)mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69_(day)with his sister so that while one is being

10、 bottle-fed,70_ other is with mum-she never suspects.introducingitsdaysthe第8页/共48页 语法填空题语法填空题空格设计空格设计(分析句子结构、上下文语境）冠词冠词70），固定短语），固定短语64），从句引导词），从句引导词65），），谓语动词谓语动词 62），非谓语动词），非谓语动词66;67），词性转），词性转换换61;63;69），代词），代词68）除了这些，还可能会考：除了这些，还可能会考：连词；代词连词；代词；介词；情态动词；强介词；情态动词；强调动词；疑问词调动词；疑问词/助词；特殊句式助词；特殊句式除了这些

11、，还可能会考：除了这些，还可能会考：比较等级（最高级）比较等级（最高级）纯空格纯空格有提示词有提示词第9页/共48页Step4DetailedexplorationHowtofinishthispart?Howtofillineachblank?第10页/共48页无提示词无提示词的纯空格的的纯空格的解题技巧分析句子结构、上下文语境分析句子结构、上下文语境介词，连词，代词，冠词，介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，从句引导词，情态动词，强调动词，特殊句式等强调动词，特殊句式等纯空格纯空格第11页/共48页例1【2014广东】Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMia

12、miforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid_wasawonderfulholidaydestination.it此处缺主语，填代词,指代前面的 Miami第12页/共48页例2【2015广东】Nowitoccurredto_thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.him此处缺宾语，通过后面的his farm可以得知Skill1.人称代词当句子缺主语或宾语时，填人称代词第13页/共48页数数 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代

13、词人称人称主格主格宾格宾格所有格，形容所有格，形容性物主代词性物主代词名词性名词性物主代词物主代词单单数数第一人称第一人称我我Imemyminemyself第二人称第二人称你你youyouyouryours yourself第三人称第三人称他他hehimhishis himself她她sheherherhers herself它它itititsits itself复复数数第一人称第一人称我们我们weusourours ourselves第二人称第二人称你们你们youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称第三人称他们他们 她们她们它们它们theythemtheirtheirsthe

14、mselves第14页/共48页例3【2015广东】Heowned_farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.a冠词例4【2016四川】Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded_motherforfood.its形容词性物主代词第15页/共48页例5【2017市一轮】MoreandmoreyoungChinesepeoplemeetincelebrationofthisdayinaverysimilarwayas_inwesterncountries.that指示代词小结：限定词通常考查冠词、形容词性物主代词，或是指代前面可数或不可数名词的指示代

15、词或不定代词等。Skill2.限定词在名词或“形容词+名词”前,或是指代前面某个名词，填限定词第16页/共48页例6【2016广东一模】ForafewmomentsIjuststoodthere,wonderingwhattobuy,andwhotobuyit_.例7【2016课标II】ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat_theirhands.介词with小结：要根据搭配的需要或句意的需要，如动词与介词的搭配，介词与后面名词的搭配等来确定填具体哪个介词。Skill3

16、.介词当空格后的名词或动名词不作主语、表语也不是作动词的宾语时，应为介词的宾语，故填介词for第17页/共48页例8【2016四川】Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,_itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.and并列递进连词Skill4.关联词当空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词时或没有分号或句号，填关联词例9【2016课标】SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,_livedfromroughly551to479B.C.who定语从句的引导词注意

17、：具体填哪个关联词，由两句之间的逻辑关系来决定。关联词包括连词和从句引导词。第18页/共48页(Brainstorming)Compound&Addition(并列或递进）and,also,further,moreover,whatsmore,whatsmore,or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,firstly,secondly,thirdlyCause&effect（因果关系）so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresultTransition&concession(转折与让步）bu

18、t,however,nevertheless,though,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary,otherwise,while,ratherthan,evenif,despite第19页/共48页(Brainstorming)定语从句中：定语从句中：1.关系代词：关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,that.2.关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why 名词性从句和状语从句中：名词性从句和状语从句中：从属连词：从属连词：(1)引导时间状语从句的引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,si

19、nce,as soon as等。等。(2)引导引导条件条件状语从句的状语从句的if,unless等。等。(3)引导引导原因原因状语从句的状语从句的because,as,since等。等。(4)引导引导目的目的状语从句的状语从句的so that。(5)引导引导让步让步状语从句的状语从句的though,although,even though等。等。(6)引导引导结果结果状语从句的状语从句的so that,sothat,suchthat等。等。(7)引导引导比较比较状语从句的状语从句的than,asas 等。等。(8)引导引导名词名词从句的从句的what,that,if,whether等。等。第2

20、0页/共48页 Skill5：由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词It (2)_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.例例10(1)_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG(味精味精).Only第21页/共48页有提示词的解题技巧分析句子结构上下文语境分析句子结构上下文语境谓语动词（时态谓语动词（时态/语态语态/主谓致）主谓致）非谓语动（非谓语动（doing/done/todo）词性转换（名词，形容词，副词，词性转换（名词，形容词，副

21、词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级）形容词或副词的比较级或最高级）有提示词有提示词第22页/共48页例1【2013广东模拟】ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.例2【2014模拟】Thecountrylifehewasusedto_（change）greatlysincetheopeningpolicy.closed haschanged第23页/共48页例3【2017市一轮】EvenQixi_(refer)toasthe“ChineseV

22、alentinesDay”nowadays.例4【2017十二诊】Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes_(produce)thedesiredeffect.is referredproduces/willproduce第24页/共48页句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在的谓语中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。要瞻前顾后考虑时态和语态,主谓一致，以及是否要用虚拟语气。Skill 1：谓语动词当句子缺少谓语动词时，或者要做并列谓语时第25页/共48页例5【2016课标】Peopleprobablycookedth

23、eirfoodinlargepots,_(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.usingPeople与 use是主动关系，用现在分词注意注意：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。第26页/共48页注意注意 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。词之间的关系确定形式。例例6【2015课标课标II】The adobe dwellings(土土坯房坯房)_(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the Ameri

24、can Southwest are admired bybuilt 第27页/共48页例7【2016四川】For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething_(eat).to eat 【2015广东广东】Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting down trees _(sell)the wood.tosell注意注意：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。形式。动词不定式作后置定语动词不定式作后置定语动词不定式作目的状语

25、动词不定式作目的状语第28页/共48页 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，形式，done形形式，还是式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑考虑它与其逻辑主语之间它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。的关系。Skill 2:非谓语动词当句中已有谓语动词但没有并列连词且不做并列谓语时第29页/共48页例8【2015模拟】Itmighthavemadeitalittle_(hard)foreverybodyharder

26、因因made it后作宾补，要用形容词；而后作宾补，要用形容词；而hard作作“困困难的难的”解本身就是形容词，所以应考虑用其比较级解本身就是形容词，所以应考虑用其比较级【2016课标II】Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseof_(great)andlessimportance.greater第30页/共48页要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than的隐性比较级。比较等级当括号中所给词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)Skill3

27、:第31页/共48页(Brainstorming)修饰形容词，副词比较级的常用修饰词：much,even,still,no,alittle,abit,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal,any,rather.第32页/共48页例10【2015模拟】ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.例9【2017市一轮】Ifitrains_(heavy)ontheSeventhNightFestival,someelderlyChinesewillsayitisbecause

28、.heavily修饰谓语动词修饰谓语动词rains，用副词，用副词 choice在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词第33页/共48页例11【2014课标II】Thechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe_(patience).patient形容词作表语形容词作表语注意：词类转换题要先确定该词在句中的成分。第34页/共48页我们可根据以下4点顺利解题：(1)作主语或宾语用_(2)作定语、表语或补足语用_(3)修饰动词、形

29、容词或另一副词，介词短语或整个句子用_(4)根据句意和语境，考查_（加un/im/less等)Skill4:词类转化当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化名词形式名词形式形容词形式形容词形式副词形式副词形式反义词反义词第35页/共48页点点石石成成金金:语法填空的需要注意的地方是语法填空的需要注意的地方是：(1)(1)纯空格题：通常考纯空格题：通常考_ 等四类词。一个空格只能填等四类词。一个空格只能填 _个单词个单词。(2)(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考用括号中所给词填空：通常考 _、_、_等。等。空格填空格填_。冠词、介词、代词和连词冠词、介词、代词和连词一一动词动词,

30、非谓语动词非谓语动词形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级词类转换词类转换提供单词的正确形式提供单词的正确形式Step 4第36页/共48页动词形，名词数，动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副，还要注意形和副，非谓语，细辨别，非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟，代词格，细领悟，介词短语需关注，介词短语需关注，冠词连词常光顾。冠词连词常光顾。Practicemakes perfect语言知识运用口诀第37页/共48页根据语义根据语义,确定词形确定词形分析句子分析句子,确定词性确定词性解题四步走提示：寻找依据 每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据。通读

31、全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意检查搭配检查搭配,前后连贯前后连贯总结提升总结提升第38页/共48页学习建议多听、多说、多听、多说、多读、多写，多读、多写，增强语感增强语感掌握单词、掌握单词、词组词组懂得分析句懂得分析句子结构子结构第39页/共48页IremembermyfirstChristmasadventurewithGrandma.Iremembertearingacrosstown(1)_mybiketovisitheronthedaymybigsisterdroppedthebomb:“ThereisnoSantaClaus.”shelaughed.“Evendummies(傻瓜)k

32、nowthat!”I(2)_(flee)toGrandma(3)_Iknewshewouldbestraightwithme.Shealwaystoldthetruth.“NoSantaClaus?”shesaid.“Ridiculous!Dontbelieve(4)_.Putonyourcoat,andletsgo.”“Gowhere,Grandma?”Iasked.onfledStep5:巩固提高巩固提高/当堂达标当堂达标【20162016广东一模广东一模】because/asit/that第40页/共48页Aswewalkedthroughthedoorsofthegeneralstor

33、eGrandmahandedmetendollarsandsaid,“Buysomethingforsomeone(5)_needsit.Illwaitforyouinthecar.”Iwasonlyeightyearsold.NeverhadIshoppedforanythingallbymyself.ForafewmomentsIjuststoodthere,(6)_(wonder)whattobuy,andwhotobuyit(7)_.IthoughtofeverybodyIknew.ThenIthoughtaboutBobbieDecker.whowonderingfor第41页/共4

34、8页Hewasmyclassmatewithbadbreathand(8)_(mess)hair,andhesatrightbehindme.Hedidnthaveacoat.Iknewthatbecauseheneverwentouttoplaygamesduringthewinter.Iheld(9)_billwithgrowing(10)_(excite).IwouldbuyBobbieacoat.messytheexcitement第42页/共48页1.on（介词+名词）2.fled（动词时态）3.Because/as（原因状语从句引导词）4.it/that（代词）5.who（定语从句

35、引导词）6.wondering（非谓语）7.for（介词）8.messy（词性转换）9.the（冠词）10.excitement（词性转换）第43页/共48页Step6Homework:根据本节课所学技巧，尝试根据本节课所学技巧，尝试对下面短文进行语法填空命题。对下面短文进行语法填空命题。The Internet is an amazing information resource.Students,teachers,and researchers use it as an investigative tool.Journalists use it to find information fo

36、r stories.Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the latest medical development.Ordinary people use it for shopping,banking,bill-paying,and communicating with family and friends.People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from other countries and cultures.However

37、,while there are many positive developments associated with the Internet,there are also certain fears and concerns.One concern relates to a lack of control over what appears on the Internet.With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of program

38、s,and with television there are restrictions what kinds of programs can be broadcast and at what times of the day.With the Internet,parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable for their children to see.第44页/共48页 The Internet is an amazing information resource.Students,teache

39、rs,and researchers use it as 1 investigative tool.Journalists use it to find information for stories.Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 2(late)medical development.Ordinary people use it for shopping,banking，billpaying,and communicating with family and friends.People all o

40、ver the world use it to connect with individuals from 3 countries and cultures.However，4 there are many positive developments 5(associate)with the Internet,there are also certain fears and concerns.6 concern relates to a lack of control over 7 appears on the Internet.With television and radio there

41、are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs,and with television there are 8(restrict)on what kinds of programs can 9 (broadcast)and at what times of the day.With the Internet,parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable 10 their children to see.第45页/共48页参参 考考 答答 案案1.an2.Latest3.other/different4.while5.associated6.One7.what8.restrictions9.be broadcast(ed)10.for第46页/共48页第47页/共48页感谢您的观看！第48页/共48页