跨文化交际复习unit 4.ppt

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1、2012-2013Intercultural CommunicationsContents vUnit 1 Communication Across Cultures-An Introduction vUnit 2 Culture and Communication vUnit 3 Daily Verbal Communication vUnit 4 Verbal CommunicationvUnit 5 Language and CulturevUnit 6 Nonverbal Communication vUnit 7 Cultural Differences vUnit 8 Interc

2、ultural AdaptationUnit 4 Verbal CWarm-up Exercisesv1)Proverbs and sayingsv2)Questions for discussionv3)Case study Proverbs and SayingsvWords have frightening power.-Colin CherryvThe notion that thought can be perfectly or even adequately expressed in verbal symbols is idiotic.-English Proverb v“care

3、ful with fire,”is a good advice,we know;“careful with words,”is ten times doubly so.-Will Carleton,the First Settlers StoryQuestionsv1.How do you find talking with people of other cultures?v2.After years of learning English,do you still have any difficulty talking with English-speaking people?If you

4、 do,whats the difficulty?vCase 1-A fish in unfamiliar waters vCase 2-Why should they do like this?vCase 3:Saying“yes”and saying“no”Warm-up：Case study2.When,what and how to say in cross-cultural communication?The cultural relativity of communication:When to say,what to say and how to say differ from

5、culture to culture.Discussion v1)-When to sayv2)-What to sayv3)-Pacing and pausingv4)-Listenership(eye contact/gaze)v5)-Directness V.Indirectness-When to sayvPeople experience silence when they think there could or should be pause.If two people are sitting together,one may think theres a silence whe

6、n the other does not.vAthabaskan Indians consider it inappropriate to talk to strangers.Cross-cultural stereotyping:They have negative stereotypes of non-Athabaskans as ridiculously garrulous(talkative in an unfavorable sense)and also hypocritical because they act as if theyre your friends when they

7、 are not.vAmericans would consider it awkward to have a long period of silence when having a conversation.They conclude that Indians are sullen,uncooperative,even stupid.-What to say E.G.A conversation between Susan and Mrs.Zhang,her mother in law,at the airport when leaving China.The husband is int

8、erpreting for them.-Pacing and pausingHow fast do you speak?How long do you wait following another speakers utterance,before concluding the other has no more to say?vI had a British friend who I thought never had anything to say(which was becoming rather annoying)until I learned that she was waiting

9、 for a pause to take her turn a pause of a length that never occurred around me,because before it did,I perceived an uncomfortable silence which I kindly headed off by talking.-Listenership(eye contact/gaze)Whites:maintain eye gaze when listening and frequently break their gaze when speakingBlacks:m

10、aintain steady eye gaze when speaking and frequently break their gaze when listening White listeners think blacks are overbearing.White speakers think the blacks are not paying attention.-Indirectness Meaning:Only a part of meaning resides in the words spoken;the largest part if communicated by hint

11、s,assumptions,and listeners filling-in from context and prior experience.vAmericans as a group tend to ignore indirectness.They believe that words should say what they mean and people should be accountable only for what they say in words.Non-Americans,and American women,more often realize that much

12、of what is meant cannot be said outright.Eg.a.A Greek wife(or daughter):Can I go to the marketplace?Husband or father:(never say no)If you want,you can go.-meaning he doesnt want her to.Yes,of course,go.meaning Yes.3.How is Chinese discourse style different from that of English speaking cultures?Dis

13、course:Verbal expression in speech or writing.va.Directness in American Englishvb.Indirectness in Chinesev1)Case study v2)Different communication stylesv3)Japanese ways to avoid saying“no”v4)Further reading:Different Conversational Ballgames4.Doing business between Americans and Japanese1)Case study

14、vAn American businessman reviewing an important contract with his Japanese counterpart.v“Weve got to work together”.v“,”the Japanese smiles.v“were going to try for a 50-50 partnership.”v“.”v“well use American know-how and a Japanese work force.”v“.”2)Different communication styles vAmericans:start t

15、alking immediately want quick decisions do not want to wait easy to say“no”vJapanese:arrive at decisions gradually difficult to say“no”directly(impolite,selfish and unfriendly)developed many ways to avoid saying“no”3)Japanese ways to avoid saying“no”v1.Be vague.-Do you think Mr.will sign contact?-Oh

16、,I do really hope so.v2.Be silent.v3.Ask a question.-Do you think Mr.will sign contact?-Why dont you ask Mr.about that?v4.Change the topic.-Do you want me to bring the contract tomorrow?-You really should do some sightseeing while you are here in Japan.v5.Leave.-Will you able to sign the contract to

17、day?-Excuse me,I just have to make an urgent phone call.v6.Tell a white lie.-Will you sign the contract today?-Im afraid our presidency will have to be consulted.It is company policy.v7.Refuse to answer the question.-Will your company be willing to invest in the project?-Im sorry.I cant answer the q

18、uestion.v8.Say“Yes,but”-Will you show this contract to Mr.?-Yes,but Mr.is very busy and is out of Tokyo a great deal.v9.Delay answering.-Will you able to invest in the project?-I will need to think more about it and tell you about some other time.v10.Apologize.-Will your company agree to pay a depos

19、it of$250,000?-Im sorry.I dont make decisions about matters like that.5.The impact of Confucianism on CommunicationAbout Confucianism:Its primary concern is building and maintaining proper human relationships.This strongly influences communication patterns in East Asia.East Asia Orientation vProcess

20、 orientationvDifferentiated linguistic codesvIndirect communication emphasisvReceiver centered North America Orientation vOutcome orientationvLess differentiated linguistic codesvDirect communication emphasisvSender centered 6.ExercisesvvA.Comprehension CheckA.Comprehension Check vDecide whether the

21、 following statements are true or false.va.Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others,while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure.vb.In feminine culture,communication is a way-probably the primary way-to express and expand closeness.vc.

22、Germans prefer clear,firm,and assertive expressions while the Japanese encourage covert,fragmented expressions.vvB.Cultural Puzzles B.Cultural Puzzles vChoose the appropriate answers.Please indicate the reasons of your choice.vWhat would you do if a stranger pronounced your name incorrectly?First,th

23、ink about what you would do in your own language and culture,and then what you would do if you were talking in English with an American.va)You wouldnt say anything.vb)You would say,“Excuse me,but my name is”vc)You would not say,“Excuse me.”You would just say,“Its”vvC.Question for further discussion

24、v Discuss the cultural variations in selecting negotiators in America and Japan.7.Assignmentv1)Find a piece of writing or speech written down in Chinese that illustrates:process orientation,indirect communication and receiver centeredness.v2)Find examples of problematic translations and try to explain why the mistranslation occurred.