雅思大作文写作.pptx

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1、Chapter 1 预备知识Work in pairs to decide whether these statements about IELTS are true or false.1.Grammaristhemostimportantassessmentcriteriainwriting.2.IELTSExaminerscantellwhensomeoneisgivingamemorizedanswer.3.IELTSandTOEFLbothuseexaminerstoassesswritingandspeaking.4.YourIELTSscoreinChinawillvarydepe

2、ndingonwhichcityyoutakethetest.5.IELTSscoresarecarefullymonitoredandmanyaredoublechecked.FTTFT第1页/共92页Chapter 1 预备知识学术类雅思写作考试内容类别官方建议时间字数题材学术类Task 1 20 min150字以上图表作文学术类Task 240 min250字以上议论文或报告第2页/共92页Task2 议论文两种形式Argumentation80%1.题目给出一方观点（反方观点隐含），问lDoyouagreeordisagree?lTowhatextentdoyouagreeordisa

3、gree?l例：Inordertolearnalanguagewell,weshouldlearnaboutthecountryaswellastheculturesandlifestylesofthepeoplewhospeakit.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?2.题目中给出双方观点，要求分析正反方观点后做出结论SomesayOthersarguethatWhatisyouropinion?Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.Expresssomereasonsforbothviewsandgiveyouropinion

4、.Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages?第3页/共92页Task2 中报告Report，出现概率为20%题目中没有观点，只给出一种现象，让考生分析该现象的causes,solutions,effects.通常题目的标志词为Whatare？例子：Today,therearemoreimagesofdisastersandviolenceinthemedia.Whatarethecausesandwhatareyoursolutions?第4页/共92页 雅思写作评分标准第5页/共92页TRTaskresponseTA-Taskachiev

5、ementCCCoherenceandCohesionLRLexicalresourceGRGrammaticalrangeandaccuracy 雅思写作评分标准第6页/共92页IELTS TASK 2 Writing band descriptorsBand Task Achievement Coherence and Cohesion Lexical Resource Grammatical Range and Accuracy765第7页/共92页Task Achievement第8页/共92页Coherence and Cohesion 第9页/共92页Lexical Resourc

6、e 第10页/共92页Grammatical Range and Accuracy第11页/共92页Comments on Sample Script 2(International Tourism)Band 7TA:Thecandidateaddressesbothaspectsofthetaskandpresentsaclearpositionthroughouttheresponse.Mainideasaregenerallyclearandrelevant,althoughsomesupportingideaslackfocus(asintheopeningofparagraph2).

7、CC:Ideasaregenerallywell-organised,andthereisaclearoverallprogressionwithonlyminorlapseswherepointsarenotwell-integratedintotheargument.Arangeofcohesivedevicesisusedeffectively,althoughthereissomeunder-useofconnectivesandsubstitution,andsomelapsesintheuseofreferencing.LR:Agoodrangeofvocabularyisused

8、withsomeflexibilityandprecision.Thecandidatehasagoodawarenessofstyleandcollocation,althoughoccasionalawkwardexpressionsorinappropriaciesinwordchoiceandwordformlimittherating.GRA:Likewise,agoodrangeofsentencestructuresisusedwithahighlevelofaccuracyresultinginfrequenterror-freesentences.Minorsystemati

9、cerrorspersist,however,andpunctuationisunhelpfulattimes第12页/共92页Comments on Sample Script 3(International Tourism)Band5TA:Theinputmaterialisdirectlycopiedasanintroductiontothisresponse,andoncethisisdeductedfromthewordcount,theresponseisunder-lengthat194wordsandsolosesmarks.Nevertheless,thetopicisadd

10、ressedandarelevantpositionisexpressed,althoughtherearepatches(asinthirdparagraph)wherethedevelopmentisunclear.Otherideasaremoreevidentlyrelevant,butaresometimesinsufficientlydeveloped.Theseideasareclearlyorganisedandthereisanoverallprogressionwithintheresponse.CC:Thereissomeeffectiveuseofarangeofcoh

11、esivedevices,includingreferencing,butthereisalsosomemechanicalover-useoflinkersinplaces.Paragraphsaresometimesrathertooshortandinappropriate.LR:Arangeofvocabularyisattemptedandthisisadequateforagoodresponsetothetask.However,controlisweak,andtherearefrequentspellingerrorswhichcancausesomedifficulties

12、forthereader,thuskeepingtheratingdownforthelexicalcriterion.GRA:Thecandidateusesamixofsimpleandcomplexstructureswithfrequentsubordinateclauses.Controlofcomplexstructuresisvariable,andalthougherrorsarenoticeable,theyonlyrarelyimpedeunderstandingofthemessage,第13页/共92页Practice 剑桥雅思7P169请判断考官是怎样给这份试卷打出5

13、分的？评分标准考官评语对应评分标准描述得分评分标准Task responseCoherence&CohesionLexical ResourceGrammatical Range and Accuracy其他Under length/Off-topic/Illegible 第14页/共92页评分标准考官评语对应评分标准描述得分评分标准TRIt does not address all parts of the questionAddresses the task only partially 5C&C正评价(6分）+there is also a lot of repetition due t

14、o inadequate use of referencing and substitutionmay be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution 5.5LRThe high level of repetition indicates limitations in range of vocabularyUses a limited range of vocabulary 5GRAThe answer includes attempts at complex sentence forms,but+正评价neverth

15、eless,there are examples of accurate complex structures（6分）Attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate 5.5其他 Less than 250 words扣0.5总分（5+5.5+5+5.5）/4=5.25 5.55.5-0.5=5第15页/共92页其他预备知识1.格式：不用抄题目，齐头格式2.缩写：不要使用were,cant,dont等缩写，应使用正式文体，可以使用全球通用首字母缩写，如NBA,KFC,WTO等，国内通用的不可以写，如CET-43.数字：十

16、以下数字用英语单词表示4.标点符号：、“Avatar”,，andsoon5.I,My,We,You 的使用第16页/共92页6.美式和英式拼写-re与ercentercentretheater-theatre-our与orcolorfulcolourfullaborlabour-ise,-isation与ize,-izationrealizerealiseorganizationorganisation-ce与-selicenselicencedefensedefence英式在美式拼写中被简化programme-programtraveller-traveler其他预备知识第17页/共92页雅

17、思写作流程5+33+25分钟构思，写提纲（写作观点，2个主要论据，1个例子）33分钟写作2分钟检查语法：主谓一致，标点词汇：用同义词和代词（it,them)替换重复过多的单词逻辑：是否需要在句子中添加therefore,moreover,incontrast 等linkingwords第18页/共92页练习：请利用在本节课学到的内容找出下面句子的错误。1.下面的句子从写作风格看存在什么问题？Mobilephonesaresoimportanttoourlives.Everyoneshouldusemobilephones!2.请在下面的两个句子中间加上一个恰当的连接词将其改写为复杂句：Airp

18、ollutionisincreasinglyserious.Measuresshouldbetakentotacklethisproblem.3.请迅速找出下面句子里的拼写错误：Thecolorschemeofthisdesignisnotveryorganised.4.请找出下面句子的非正式词汇并替换：Lotsofriversandlakeshavebeenseverelypolluted.5.请改写下面句子中的词汇使其用词更正式：Thecrimerateincitiesishigherandhigher,sotheadvantagesofthesesecuritymeasuresaremo

19、rethandisadvantages.第19页/共92页Chapter 2 语法与从句 考官最敏感的三大语法错误可数名词单数孤立出现。请判断下列翻译是否正确：“狗是朋友。”Dogisfriend.Dogsarefriends.Adogisafriend.Thedogisafriend.第20页/共92页主谓不一致Thegrowinguseofcomputers_causingenormouschangesinwork.(be)WatchingTVandplayingcomputergames_oneofthemostimportantchildrensleisureactivities.(b

20、e)Howwecancopewiththeseproblems_aninterestingissue.(be)逗号不能连接两个独立的句子。isisare第21页/共92页练习：请找出下列句子的语法错误（每句仅有一个错误）1.Allowemployeestoworkfromhomecanhelpemployerstoreducecosts.2.Becausemanyparentsdonotspendenoughtimewiththeirchildren.3.Somecompanieshaveplanstoreplacefortheirhumanworkerswithrobots.4.TheInt

21、ernetisausefuleducationaltool,spendingtoomuchtimeonlineisharmfultochildren.Allowing-Allowing删掉 Because删掉 forAlthough the第22页/共92页5.Theresultsofspaceresearchhasalsoincreasedourknowledgeaboutourownplanet.6.Anageingpopulationmeansanincreasedtaxburdenforworkedadults.7.Studentsareexpectedtositquietlyandp

22、ayattentionontheirteacher.8.Theyarguethat,largecitiesofferahigherstandardofliving.9.Theseactivitiescanimprovestudentsforeignlanguageskills.has-haveworked-workingon-to删掉，studentsstudents第23页/共92页复合句的写作1.什么是复合句？Iloveyou.Iloveyou,andyouloveme.Iloveyouthatyouloveme.简单句并列句 and/or/but复合句第24页/共92页复合句是不是越多越

23、好？剑桥雅思考官范文平均每篇12句话简单句2句并列句2句从句8句平实通顺简单句、并列句和基础的复杂句易懂把意思表达清楚不长也不难不要让考官数词数到手软第25页/共92页高分复合句1.宾语从句Manypeoplebelievethatwehavedevelopedintoa“throw-awaysociety”.Thismeansthatchangeisnotalwaysapersonaloption,butaninescapablefactoflife.Whiletherearebothbenefitsanddrawbackstoamulticulturalsociety,itissafeto

24、saythattheprosoutweighthecons.Traditionally,theapproachhasbeentopunishcriminalsbyplacingtheminprisonstopayforwhattheyhavedone.第26页/共92页2.状语从句If 引导的条件状语从句如果学生想知道具体的职业信息，他们无需坐在教室里就可以得到。如果一个人失去工作仍能获得帮助，或者一个少数民族仍能够获得和其他人一样的成功机会，那我们才可以说这个国家是进步的。If a student wants to learn about job-specific information,t

25、hey do not need to sit in a classroom to get it.If a person loses a job but get assistance,or a minority still has an equal opportunity of success,then we can say this country is advanced.第27页/共92页While 引导的让步状语从句尽管经济的进步使我们的生活变得舒适，但同时也使社会在财富分配中产生了两极分化。尽管传统建筑外观美观，但通常内部使用起来却并不是很方便。While the economic de

26、velopment has made our life more comfortable,it has also polarized the society in the distribution of wealth.While traditional buildings might look nice from the outside,they are often not very user-friendly.第28页/共92页3.定语从句who 引导，修饰“人”Thosewhofeelthatsportsstarssalariesarejustifiedmightarguethatthep

27、rofessionalswithrealtalentareveryfew.Studentwithoutteacherswillsurelybelost;but studentswhosimplyrelyonteachersforknowledgearenotreallylearning.Childrenwhoenterschoolatanearlyagearegenerallymoreconfidentandindependentthanchildrenwhostayathomewiththeirparents.第29页/共92页 that 引导，修饰“物”如何处置罪犯是所有国家和社会都需要面

28、临的问题。原本需要人工花费数月时间完成的工作现在可以由机器人在几分钟内毫无瑕疵的完成。How to handle criminals is a problem that all countries and societies face.The workload that could take months to finish by manual labor now could be done flawlessly by robots in minutes.逗号加which引导非限制性定语从句If fuel prices go up,either fewer people will drive

29、or people will drive less,which makes sense for reducing pollution.Demand for various commodities creates a huge market for the local and international businesses,which in turn increases demand for the labor market.第30页/共92页4.主语从句whether引导的主语从句Whetherisacontroversialissue/hascausedaheateddebate.it引导

30、的主语从句Itisobviousthatwhat引导主语从句+notbutWhatmostcompaniesandworkforcesneedarenotrobots,butcreativepeoplewhocancontributeideas.Whatthepoorcountriesneedmostisnotmoney,butadvancedtechnologiesandtalentinsomekeyareas.第31页/共92页5.同位语从句Thefactthatwehavedifferentlanguagesdemonstratesthatwehavedifferentcultures.

31、Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofpeopleareconcernedaboutthephenomenonthatourkidsarespendingmoretimewatchingTV.6.表语从句Thisisbecauseitistherichandpowerfulpeopleinoursocietywhoareabletoimposechanges.Anotherreasonforthisisthatoldbuildings,likenativelanguages,formaculturalidentityandkeepauniquerecordofacountr

32、y.第32页/共92页作业：语法改错练习易错词选择练习判断练习定语从句练习宾语从句练习第33页/共92页Chapter 3 写作思路哪里来？无话可说没有思想1.具体分类法2.举反例法3.关键词法第34页/共92页1.具体分类法-it dependsManypeopleusedistance-learningprograms(studymaterialpost,TV,Internet,etc.)tostudyathome,butsomepeoplethinkthatitcannotbringthesamebenefitsofattendingcollegeoruniversity.Towhate

33、xtentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Individualscandonothingtoimprovetheenvironment;onlygovernmentsandlargecompaniescanmakeadifference.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?第35页/共92页2.举反例法only/-est/always/never/ban/stopTheonlywaytoimprovesafetyontheroadistoimposeseverepunishmentondrivingoffenders.Tow

34、hatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Somepeoplesaythatthebestwaytoimprovepublichealthisbyincreasingthenumberofsportsfacilities.Others,however,saythatthiswouldhavelittleeffectonpublichealthandthatothermeasuresarerequired.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.第36页/共92页3.关键词法身体（健康）VS.心理（安全，求知，自信，被尊重）物质上（

35、经济基础）VS.精神上（文化娱乐）Internationaltravelisbecomingcheaper,andcountriesareopeningtheirdoorstomoreandmoretourists.Dotheadvantagesofincreasedtourismoutweighitsdisadvantages?Skill&EfficiencyTechnology&SafetyRight&ResponsibilityEnvironment&HealthEmployment&MoneyCulture&Fun第37页/共92页PracticePleasewritedownyour

36、mainideasorargumentsforthefollowingtwowritingtasks.1.Somepeoplethinkthatstudentsshouldfocusonafewsubjectswhileothersthinktheyshouldstudyawiderangeofsubjects.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.2.Somepeoplethinkthemediashouldstopreportingondetailsofcrime.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?第38页/共

37、92页1.Somepeoplethinkthatstudentsshouldfocusonafewsubjectswhileothersthinktheyshouldstudyawiderangeofsubjects.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Skill&Efficiency:coresubjectshelpstudentstodevelopimportantskillsFocusingonthesesubjectshelpsthemtogainknowledgequicklyEmployment&Money:studentswhoh

38、aveagoodunderstandingofawiderangeofsubjectscanfindjobsmoreeasilyaftergraduationCulture&Fun:artsubjects,suchaspaintingandphotography,developtheirinterestinart.第39页/共92页2.Somepeoplethinkthemediashouldstopreportingondetailsofcrime.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Safety:Peoplearebetterinformedaboutcrim

39、inalactivities,whichhelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesandtheircommunitiesagainstcrime.Health:Detailedmediareportsoncrimemayincreasepeoplesfearofcrime.Right&Responsibility:Thesereportsmayviolatethevictimsprivacy.Mediacrimereportsarelikelytomisleadthepublic.Money:Suchreportscanattractmoreviewers,listenersor

40、readersandincreaseadvertisingrevenueformediacompanies.第40页/共92页Chapter 4 最简化15句框架模板 到底要不要模板？模板的好处：操作简单见效快分数高模板的缺点：结构死板千篇一律有被判定“Memorized”的可能性第41页/共92页最简化15句框架模板脱胎于官方7分以上评分标准结构固话但句子自由规范文章的逻辑简化思维和写作难度低碳环保，无毒，无副作用第42页/共92页A 15-Sentence Solution to IELTS Writing第一段（引出话题，表达观点）1Nowadays,an increasing numb

41、er of people are concerned about_背景介绍2However,whether_is a controversial issue.辩论话题3My view is that_写作观点第二段（说理）4First,it is obvious that_原因一，中心句5(This means that)_具体理由6So,_所以观点成立第三段（举例）7Moreover,_原因二，中心句8For example,_举例，越具体越好9_例证解释说明第四段（让步）10That is not to say that_not _并不完全否定反方观点11Of course,_承认反方观点

42、的合理性12But_驳斥反方观点不合理性第五段（结尾）13In sum,_重申观点14Meanwhile,_不能忽视反方观点15By doing so we can make sure that_思想升华第43页/共92页实战练习Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace.Others think that the true function of a university should be to give

43、access to knowledge for its own sake,regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.What in your opinion,should be the main function of a university?Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Writeatleast250words.第44页/共92页第一段第1句.Nowadays,anincrea

44、singnumberofpeopleareconcernedaboutthepurposeofuniversityeducation.Tips:Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofpeopleareconcernedaboutthephenomenonthatNowadays,anincreasingnumberofpeopleareconcernedaboutthepurposethatuniversityeducationserves.Nowadays,moreandmorestudentsareconcernedaboutwhattheywilllearninthe

45、universities.Universitiesareoneofthemostimportantinstitutionsinmodernsociety.第45页/共92页第一段第2句.A.“是否应该”However,whether universitiesshouldmainlyprovidejob-relatedskillstograduatesisacontroversialissue.B.“是这样还是应该那样”However,whetheruniversitiesshouldmainlyprovidejob-relatedskillsorpureknowledgetograduates

46、hascausedheateddebate.However,whatkindofknowledgeandskillsuniversitiesshouldmainlyprovidetograduatesisacontroversialissue.C.一些人认为另一些人认为Somepeoplestatethatuniversitiesshouldfocusongivingaccesstoknowledge;othersbelievethattheknowledgeandskillsneededintheworkplacearemoreimportantforuniversitygraduates.

47、第46页/共92页第一段第3句Inmyview,MyviewisthatIagreewiththeviewthat，forthefollowingreasons.Imainlyagreewiththeformer/latterviewforthefollowingreasons.Myviewisthatjob-relatedknowledgeandskillsshouldbethemainfocusofuniversities.第47页/共92页第二段第1句First,itisobvious/clearthatformoststudents,thepurposeofreceivingunive

48、rsityeducationistoobtainpracticalknowledgeandskillswhichwillenablethemtobecomequalifiedemployeesinthefuturejobmarket.First,thereisnodoubtthatOnereasonforthisisthat第48页/共92页第二段第2句1.Thisisbecausemostofthem,aftergraduation,willenterworkplace,earnaliving,andsupporttheirownfamilies.(想上一句话的原因）2.Thismeanst

49、hatthecoursesfocusingonjobswillbecomethemostwelcomedsubjectswhichthemajorityofstudentswillselect.(想上一句话的结果）3.Ifuniversitiesdonotpayenoughattentiontosuchskills,mostgraduateswillnotbeabletofindsatisfactorypositionintheworkplace,leadingtoahigherunemploymentrate.(反证中心句）第49页/共92页第二段第3句Souniversities,asse

50、rviceproviders,havetogivetopprioritytothesecustomersrealneeds.(重申写作观点）OrTherefore,itisnecessary/crucial/importantforuniversitiestogivetopprioritytothestudentsrealneeds.第50页/共92页第三段第1句Moreover/Inaddition/Besides,focusingonthejob-relatedskillscanbenefittheuniversityitself.第51页/共92页第三段第2句Forexample,the