高中英语句子类型讲解(教育精.ppt

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1、句子的类型句子的类型 高中英语学习提高课程讲座（二）高中英语学习提高课程讲座（二）简单句的分类o英语句子按照结构可以分为三类英语句子按照结构可以分为三类:简单句、简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句。一、简单句o定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。例如：（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。例如：Alice studied hard.Li Ming and Zhang Hua work in the same factory.Both Tony and Jim go to school at seven in

2、the morning,have lunch there and come back at five in the afternoon.一、简单句o简单句的简单句的5种结构种结构1.主语主语+谓语谓语 Her father works in Nanjing.She is walking along the lake.Spring has come.一、简单句2.主语主语+系表结构系表结构 He is a teacher.Trees are green.She became angry at his words.The man seems kind.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 He found

3、 a bird in the tree.My sister enjoys the song.He forgot to post the letter.Mary denied taking the pen.一、简单句一、简单句主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语He gave his sister a piano.She wrote him a long letter.The worker told us a lot about his life in the past.Would you tell me where to get the ticket.一、简单句5.主语主语+谓语谓

4、语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 I found him busy.The news made her excited.They consider Jim a good student.I often hear her sing the song.We elected him monitor.She kept us waiting for half an hour.二、并列句o定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起构成的句子。并列连上的简单句连接在一起构成的句子。并列连词有词有and,but,or,so,eitheror,neithe

5、rnor not onlybut alsoo结构结构:简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句 This is mine and that is hers.These shoes are not cheap but they are very good.定义定义:复合句复合句(主从复合句主从复合句)是有一个主句和一是有一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子.复合句复合句中的主句和从句都具有完成的主谓结构。主中的主句和从句都具有完成的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体，可以独立存在。从句需句是复合句的主体，可以独立存在。从句需要有一个连词引导，是修饰说明主语的，不

6、要有一个连词引导，是修饰说明主语的，不能独立存在。根据在句中不同的作用，从句能独立存在。根据在句中不同的作用，从句可以分为三大类：名词性从句（主语从句，可以分为三大类：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）定语从表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句。句和状语从句。二、复合句主语从句o主语从句在复合句中充当主语。可以引导主语从句主语从句在复合句中充当主语。可以引导主语从句的关联词有：的关联词有：that,whether,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,whatever,whoever That he will suc

7、ceed is certain.Whether she will go there is not known.What he said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.How he escaped is still a mystery.o表语从句是用作表语的句子表语从句是用作表语的句子.一般放在主语一般放在主语的谓语动词（连系动词）之后。引导表语从的谓语动词（连系动词）之后。引导表语从句的关联词有句的关联词有that,whether,asif,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why

8、,how The question is that he is also short of money.That is what I want to tell you.表语从句表语从句The problem is whether he will agree to the suggestion or not.That is why he was late for school.It looked as if it is going to rain.宾语从句o宾语从句是用作宾语的句子宾语从句是用作宾语的句子.除了谓语动词除了谓语动词以外，介词，不定式，分词，动名词后面也以外，介词，不定式，分词，动

9、名词后面也可以带宾语从句。可以带宾语从句。类型：类型：othat 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句oif/whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句o疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词引导的宾语从句宾语从句 I really feel that he needs more practice.The old lady likes saying that she has a good son.I want to know if she still lives here.This depends on whether he is interested in English.宾语从句I am not intere

10、sted in what he is doing.I dont know why he didnt come.He asked whose handwriting is the best.同位语从句o同位语从句常用同位语从句常用that引导引导,同同news,fact,hope,idea,promise,suggestion,构成构成“The fact that+句子的句子的”结构。结构。The fact that he won the first prize cant be true.Have you heard the news that Mary will get married soo

11、n?The suggestion that the plan should be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.定语从句 定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。定语从句在句中起定语的作用，被定语子。定语从句在句中起定语的作用，被定语 修饰的词为先行词。修饰的词为先行词。The man who wrote the book is an English professor.I liked read the book that you read last month.She is the not on the trai

12、n that arrived a few minutes ago.状语从句o状语从句由连词引导，在句中不担当成分，状语从句由连词引导，在句中不担当成分，只起到连接的作用根据意义上的不同，状只起到连接的作用根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为下列几种：语从句可分为下列几种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句等。较状语从句等。时间状语从句oI was walking when she called m

13、e.oWhile mother was cooking,I was watching TV.oShe had worked in Shanghai before she came here.oAfter he did his homework,he went to bed.oI have lived here since I graduated from university.地点状语从句oWhere there is no rain,farming is difficult.oShe follows him wherever he goes.oWhere there is life,ther

14、e is hope.oSit wherever you like.条件状语从句oIf I had enough money,I would buy a car.oI will go there so long as he invites me.oIf only he has a chance,he will do great things.原因状语从句oBecause he was ill,he was absent yesterday.oSince she has no time,she cant go with you.oAs you are busy,I wont waste your

15、time.方式状语从句oPlease do as I do.oJust as water is to fish,so air is to man.oThe child talks as if he were a man.目的状语从句oHe studied hard so that he might succeed.oTake your rain coat in case it rains.oBe quiet in case you(should)wake the baby.结果状语从句oShe worked so hard that she became rich in a very short time.oThe train was so full that I could hardly turn round.oThe stone is so heavy that nobody could move it.让步状语从句oThe article is very important though it is very short.oHe failed even though he had tried his best.oWhatever he says,dont believe him.oNo matter who comes,he is welcome.