高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练_阅读理解专题十九.docx

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1、高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练 阅读理解专题十九In the early hours of Monday 6 February, the first of a series of devastating earthquakes struck southern Turkey and northern Syria. Hundreds of thousands have been injured or displaced and the scale of the devastation and human loss is unfathomable. Search and rescue efforts

2、comprised the first wave of work but, as time passes, questions must be asked, too, about the preservation of historic sites: in addition to the human tragedy, the damage to cultural heritage has been incalculable, not least because the impacted area incorporates the historic areas of Mesopotamia an

3、d the Fertile Crescent.The first images to spread online of damage to a heritage site were of the dramatic collapse of Gaziantep Castle, built by Romans and expanded by civilisations including the Byzantines, Ayyubids and Ottomans. Yet the collapse of that bastion is just one example of the signific

4、ant damage done to many historically important sites around the region. Those working to assess and tackle these problems face various challenges. A three-month state of emergency has been enforced in the Turkish provinces hit by the earthquakes, making it difficult for heritage organisations to acc

5、ess the sites they wish to preserve. Armed guards are protecting Hatay Archaeology Museum from lootersbut also potentially restricting access to heritage workers and journalists.What is the protocol for the preservation of cultural heritage in such circumstances? Several international organisations

6、work on this very issue. The foremost of these is Unesco. In situations such as this, affecting such a wide region and scope, Unescos approach needs to be multifaceted. One of the first steps that Unesco must take is compiling intelligence on the structures that have been damaged, making use of expe

7、rts on the ground and satellite images to conduct initial surveys. The stability of several heritage buildings is also questionable. Unesco will monitor current and progressing damage, surveying the cracks severity using specially dispatched teams of structural engineers. Unescos next step is to bui

8、ld a mission to assess, protect and conserve not only the tangible heritage, but also the culture sector, the creative sector and local communities, all of which will have suffered damage. They must also decide which buildings to prioritise. Historic value is, of course, taken into account but so to

9、o is the value to the local community. A functioning historic mosque would likely rank higher, for instance, than a section of a city wall.One of the main challenges affecting responses to cultural threats in times of crisis is the attitude of local governments. Some regimes only care about preservi

10、ng heritage that fits with their political agenda, or would rather bulldoze and conceal damaged monuments rather than acknowledge the loss and invest in restoration. More diligent leaders, however, must look to the future, and remember the importance of the past. The aim is not simply to preserve ol

11、d towers, but to safeguard cultural identity and guard centuries of history for future generations. Intangible heritage is no less valuable than the tangible, even if it is harder to quantify than stones. 【BBC History UK(April, 2023)】1. Which one can best replace the underlined word “incalculable” i

12、n paragraph 1?A. accessible B. substantial C. unsettled D. unpredictable 2. Which one is not the reason why preserving cultural heritage after the earthquake is difficult?A. the dramatic collapse of Gaziantep CastleB. the earthquake-stricken area covers the historic areas of Mesopotamia and the Fert

13、ile CrescentC. the Turkish government has enforced a three-month state of emergencyD. armed guards to some extent prevent heritage workers and journalists from accessing the sites 3. What has Unesco done to conserve the tangible heritage according to paragraph 4?A. it has built a mission to protect

14、culture sector and the creative sector B. it has assessed the historic value and the value to local community C. it has searched and rescued affected locals D. it has made use of experts and engineers to monitor current and progressing damage 4. According to the author, what should the local governm

15、ent do to deal with cultural threats in times of crisis?A. they should protect cultural identity and centuries of history for future generation B. they should emphasize more on monument stones than intangible heritage C. they should prioritize heritage preservation instead of human life D. they shou

16、ld preserve heritage based on their political stand Dreams are weird. Utterly impossible events happen in them, then immediately flow into completely different ones, with no obvious rhyme or reason. Contexts, behaviours, individuals they all shift around randomly during our dreams, with no care for

17、coherent narrative or the laws of physics. Its all very strange. Except it doesnt feel strange while its happening. Why is this? Why would our sleeping brain be so blas about unusual, reality-bending experiences?A big part of this is down to the reason we dream in the first place. A growing body of

18、research suggests that dreaming is a vital part of memory consolidation. Our brains dont just create all of the memories we accumulate while were awake and leave them sat there purposelessly, like most of the photos on the typical smartphone. No, our newly acquired memories need to be effectively in

19、tegrated into the brains stores and networks of existing memories that are the basis of our identity, our very minds, and more. This is what memory consolidation is, and a lot of it takes place during our dreams.Its also important to note how memories are stored in the human brain. Biological memori

20、es arent separate, distinct, standalone files of complex information, like the aforementioned photo images in a smartphone. No, it seems that our memories are made up of discrete elements, linked up in unique and complex ways.For instance, if youre in a long-term relationship, your partners face wil

21、l be one of the most familiar things you encounter in your waking life. But if your brain was to create a whole new memory of your partners face every time you saw them, soon youd have tens of thousands of memories, all for the exact same thing. This is in no way efficient, particularly for an organ

22、 as demanding as the brain. Instead, its more that you have one established memory of your partners face, and when new memories are formed that involve them, those memories are linked to the stored representation of their face.Elements of memory can represent anything we experience. Sights, sounds,

23、emotions, colours, people, and so on. Combining and connecting these elements in useful ways is what memory consolidation, or dreaming, is for. But when these memory elements are being worked on while were asleep, theyre also being activated, like how you need to run power through an electrical circ

24、uit to know whether it works. And when a memory is activated, we re-experience it.But while conscious experiences are consistent with the laws of nature, dreaming experiences are not beholden to such things. Say you are feeling anxious about an upcoming work meeting, then youll have a load of new me

25、mories with an element of anxiety. To better incorporate this new anxiety element, your dreaming brain will link it to other memories that include anxiety. Perhaps you remember being anxious before singing in public or scuba diving for the first time. Your dreaming brain will connect your new anxiet

26、y to these existing memories. The end result could be that you end up dreaming about singing underwater. This is an impossible act, but your dreaming brain doesnt care.Ultimately, everything that happens in a dream is derived from bits of memory, temporarily bound together in complex, baffling ways

27、onto which your brain imposes a sense of self, in order to better process things in useful ways.What this means is, no matter what baffling and impossible things occur in our dreams, theyre always made of things with which our brain is already familiar. Because theyre memories.【BBC Science Focus (Ap

28、ril, 2023)】1. Which of the following statements is true concerning memory consolidation?A. our brains accumulate all of our memories when were asleep B. a lot of memory consolidation happen during our dreams C. the newly-acquired memories are the basis of our identity D. the memories are left in our

29、 brains randomly and purposelessly 2. What will our brain perform to memorize your partners face?A. it creates a whole new memory of your partners face every time you see it B. it forms the exact same face for a thousand times C. it connects new memories to the established memory of your partners fa

30、ceD. it stores representation of the face every time you see your partner3. What can we conclude from the process of combining and connecting the memory elements? A. the process can only be carried out when were asleep B. the memory elements are activated by the laws of nature when were dreaming C.

31、it is our conscious brain that bound memory elements together in a baffling way D. we re-experience and connect the memory elements to the existing ones in unique and complex ways 4. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. why doesnt your brain feel strange about a weird dream?B. how does your br

32、ain perform when you are dreaming?C. what are the memory elements functions in forming a dream?D. what does memory consolidation mean?The largest leak of classified Pentagon documents since Edward Snowden has placed a free chat platform for the video gaming community in the spotlight.Discord began i

33、n 2015 as a chat app for gamers to discuss strategy in multi-player video games, but owing to its privacy features it has morphed into a secure space to have secret discussions. This has inadvertently attracted users seeking to disseminate hate speech without being reported.Unlike most social media,

34、 such as Twitter or Facebook, the platform is decentralised, with communities organised into public or private groups known as servers, for gamers to interact. Most servers hosted on Discord are invitation-only and private, not allowing outsiders to find or even search for them. Each group or server

35、 in Discord has several channels, which function as separate chat rooms, divided by topic. At any given time, a server can host hundreds of thousands of users. Jack Teixeira, the 21-year-old who allegedly leaked the Pentagon documents, was the leader of a private Discord server called Thug Shaker Ce

36、ntral. It is in this closed group that Teixeira is accused of sharing hundreds of classified military documents, several including links to CIA briefings. These documents were reportedly shared from January this year but remained within the seal of the group, until one young member named Lucca decid

37、ed to share some into a larger, publicly searchable group of 4,000 members.“No one thought they were real. Its stupid to post government documents on Discord, you know? Lucca was like, Oh, hey, guys, look at these funny things Im finding on this one server. Turns out, not as funny as we thought it w

38、as,” Kralj, a Serbian university student who was one of the moderators of the larger group, told the Guardian.Part of the appeal of Discord is the relative anonymity it affords users, who are not asked for real names. However, the Discord internal infrastructure does link usernames and email address

39、es to the actual web or IP address of the user. Discord claims not to monitor the conversations within servers, which often have self-appointed moderators doing the job and setting community standards. As a result, standards often vary wildly.Like many gaming communities, Discord has a reputation fo

40、r hate speech and misogyny. Servers have been reported for circulating neo-nazism, racism, Holocaust denial, and for providing a safe space to the “alt-right”.【The Guardian Weekly (April 21, 2023)】1. Which of the following statements concerning Discord is wrong?A. Discord is a free chat platform for

41、 the video gaming communityB. Discord allows its users to have secret discussions C. none of the hate speech spread in Discord has ever been reported D. the leak of Pentagon documents drew the publics attention to Discord 2. How does Discord operate according to paragraph 3?A. it centralizes users i

42、n an integrated platform just like Twitter or FacebookB. it organizes communities into different servers which have separate chat rooms C. the groups hosted on Discord are invitation-only and private D. limited users can be hosted in a server at the same time 3. What can we learn from Kraljs words?A

43、. Jack shared these classified military documents to attract more followers B. it is Lucca who kept the documents a secret discussion within the closed group C. Jack thought it was stupid to post government documents on DiscordD. Lucca didnt assume the leaked Pentagon documents to be authentic when

44、he shared them in a public group 4. Whats the best title of the passage?A. the platform behind the largest leak drew attention B. the leak hugely undermined national security C. a server leader was under investigation D. foreign policies were influenced greatly by the leak 答案BADABCDACBDA学科网（北京）股份有限公司