代词 讲义-高考英语一轮复习.docx

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1、代词一、 人称代词第一人称：单数 I，me, 复数 we, us第二人称：you第三人称：单数 he, him, she, her, it, 复数 they, them1. 人称代词不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能：人称代词的主格作主语或表语；宾格可作宾语也可作表语。He would drown his sadness in coffee. (主格作主语)Thank you for your letter. (主格作及物动词的宾语)I bought a present for him. (宾格作介词宾语)Hello, its me. (宾语作表语)2. 在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。

2、-Glad to meet you!-Me, too.二、 物主代词1. 形容词性物主代词：my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their形容词性物主代词相当于形容词。置于名词之前，作定语。Is this your seat, sir?The government has changed its policy.No one objects to my quitting the job.2. 名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, its, ours, yours(你们的)，theirs名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、

3、表语、宾语。This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.This camera is mine and that is yours. (作表语)Every person showed his ticket, and I showed mine too. （作宾语）三、 反身代词单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数: ourselves, yourselves, themselves基本用法：1. 作宾语动宾：Tom taught himself Japanese.介宾：You cant

4、 leave the baby by himself.2. 作表语:She is not quite herself today.3. 作同位语: I myself can repair the bike.四、 疑问代词What 的习惯用法：1. 注意what与下列黑体名词的搭配What is the population of China?What is the distance?What is the price?what is your address?what is your attitude?What is the height/weight/depth/length/width/s

5、ize?(高度/重量/深度/长度/宽度/大小是多少？)2. Whatfor? 和 What for?用于询问原因和目的-What did you put it into the soup for?-It would improve the taste.-Im going to the grocery store.-What for? We still have enough food in the fridge.3. What if? 表示假设、建议、征求意见或疑虑。What if it rains while we are on the way?4. What do you mean (by

6、)? 表示愤怒、不满等情绪。What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly?5. What/How about ? 用于征求对方意见、询问对方情况-We need more player.-What about Jack? He is a very nice boy.6. 疑问词what构成的习惯用语。So what?Guess what?Like what?五、 不定代词（一） both，all, either, any, neither, none的区别。都任何一个都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物；不可数

7、名词allanynone例句：1.Ive bought two books; you can have either.2.None of this money is mine.（二） one, another, the other, some, others, the others的区别。单数复数一个/一些onesome另一个/一些anotherothers剩余的一个/一些the otherthe others一本/一些书one booksome books另外一本/一些书another bookother books剩余的一本/一些书the other bookthe other books

8、注意：The other 后面通常加可数名词（单数或复数），但不能加不可数名词；短语the rest of （剩余的）后面既可以加可数名词，也可以加不可数名词；else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。-What did you do last weekend?-Oh, nothing else.例句：1. I have two books: one is English, and the other/one is French.2. He will stay here for another three/ three other days.3. There are many books on

9、the table: some are English; the others/the rest are French.4. Hell be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life.5. Would you please make it another day?6. If the dictionary is not yours, who elses can it be?（三） none, nobody/no one, nothing的区别。代词指代用来回答相当于none人或物How manyHow muchnot a/an/any+名词；或no+名词n

10、obody/no one人whonot anyone; not anybodynothing物What not anything例句：1.-How much money do you have? -None.2. I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment.3. As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.（四） many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别。多少复数名词概念manyfew不可数名词概念muchlit

11、tle肯定否定复数名词概念a fewfew不可数名词概念a littlelittle注意：only a few=few; only a little=little; quite a few=many; quite a little=much（五） one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的区别。（that，those为指示代词）替代onea/an + 单数名词ones零冠词+复数名词The onethe+单数名词The onesthe+复数名词thatthe+单数名词或不可数名词thosethe+复数名词例句：1. We have various su

12、mmer camps for your holiday. You can choose one based on your own interest.2. Mr. Hang gave me many valuable presents, ones that I had never seen.3. The book on the desk is better than the one / that under the desk. （六） 含有不定代词的习惯搭配。Nothing but（=only）只是;只不过；除了以外什么也没有Anything but（=not at all; by no me

13、ans; never）绝不；根本不All but（=almost; nearly）几乎；差一点Something like 有点像；大约One another 互相One after another 相继地；依次地；一个接一个地（七） 全部否定和部分否定1. All, both, everyone, everybody, everything,以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定；2. No one, none, nobody, nothing, notany以及 “no+名词” 都表示全部否定；3. 当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后，都表示部

14、分否定。此外，not与总括性副词如everywhere，always，wholly, altogether等连用的时候也表示部分否定。Not all of them smoke.All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.六、 It的用法1. 指代上文提到的某样东西Where is my dictionary? I left it right on the desk.2. 用以代替指示代词this, that-Whats this?-Its a flag.-Whos exercise book i

15、s that?-Its hers.3. 指不知性别的婴儿（baby）；身份不明确的人（由于某种原因而不知对方是谁）The baby cried because it was hungry.-Whos knocking at the door?-Its me.4. 指时间、天气、距离等It is nine oclock now.It is raining hard outside.It is a long way to the factory.5. 作形式主语或形式宾语It 常用来代替不定式短语，动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语而将真正的主语或宾语后置。Its not easy to

16、learn a foreign language.Its impossible for him to get there in time.It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.I find it easy to get on with Jim.I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.6. 强调句型基本用法在句中强调主语、宾语或状语基本句式It is/was/might be+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。被强调部分为“人

17、”时，可用who/that, “非人”则用that一般疑问句Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 +is/was it + that +其他成分？notuntil结构的强调句It is/was not until + that+其他成分例句：1. It was Mr. White who/that helped him solve the problem.2. Was it Mr. White who/that helped him solve the problem?3. Who was it that helped him solve the problem?4. It was not until the area was seriously polluted that the realized that it was time to take action to stop pollution.学科网（北京）股份有限公司