Unit 1 Words and expressions学案-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 .docx

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1、WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 21.patriot n.C爱国者 patriotic adj. 爱国的patriotically adv.爱国地/忧国地 patriotism n. 爱国主义；爱国精神basic-basically economic-economicallyscientific-scientifically energetic-energeticallyautomatic-automatically dramatic-dramaticallyacademic-academically magic-magically除public外-publicly2.mechan

2、ical adj. 机械的；发动机的 源于拉丁语machina 机器，引擎，装置，设施，诡计 mechanic n.机械师3. break out (战争/火灾/疾病)爆发/突然开始(不及物)break down（机器或车辆）出故障；垮掉；失败；消除；分解break in 非法闯入；打断（谈话）/插嘴break into强行闯入；突然开始（笑/唱/鼓掌等）break up 破碎；分手；解散；拆开break away from 脱离；挣脱1)Her health broke _under the pressure of work.2)They had escaped to America sho

3、rtly before war broke _.3)You must break _ such a bad habit. 4)We had our car broken _ last week .5)Police had to break _ the crowd to maintain order of the meeting.6)他突然露出笑容，说道：“我给你买了样东西。”（非谓语）Breaking into a smile, he said, “I bought you something.”4.aviation evien n.航空制造业; 航空; 飞行avi 鸟 + ation 行为，

4、过程，状态，结果 像鸟在空中飞 飞行avi 鸟 + ator 表人 像鸟一样飞翔的人 飞行员aviator n. 飞行员5.defend v.保卫; 防守; 辩解(近义词：guard,protect)defend A from/against B保护A以免受B；in defence of保护；为辩护defence/defense n. 防御; 国防defensive adj.防御的1)All mothers will try their best to defend their children _damage.2)The leaders speech _ defence of the pol

5、icy didnt carry much conviction. 3)我们应该向保卫祖国而牺牲了的军人表示敬意。We should pay respects to soldiers who died in defence of our country.6.jet n.喷气式飞机 jet plane 喷气式飞机 The water jetted out.一股水喷涌而出。 7.missile n.导弹 firelauncha missile 发射导弹8.assistantn.助理; 助手 assist v.帮助assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 =assist sb. to

6、do sth. =assist sb. in doing sth.assistance n.帮助with the assistance of/under ones assistance 在的帮助下come/go to ones assistance 来/去帮助某人1)The teacher assists the children _ their tasks.=The teacher assists the children _(finish) their tasks.=The teacher assists the children in finishing their tasks.2)他只

7、能靠拐杖走路。He can walk only with the assistance of stick.3)尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。(despite)Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.9.charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量sb. take charge of 某人负责 sb. be in charge of 某人负责.sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人负责free of charge 免费 v.收费；指控；充电charge sb. for sth.为某物向某人收取费用charge s

8、b. with (doing) sth.控告某人（做）某事1)一位有经验的工程师负责这项工程。An experienced engineer is _the project.=An experienced engineer takes charge of the project.=The project is in the charge of an experienced engineer.2)The restaurant charged us $ 40 _ the wine.3)Gibbons _ (charge) with murder last week.10.leadership n.

9、领导地位；领导才能(ship做词缀表示身份、地位、资格。)成员资格；会员资格membership；事物之间的某种关系relationship；友谊friendship;)leader n.领袖；领导者 leadv.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅leading adj. 领导的；主要的 lead to 导致；造成；通向lead a .life 过着.生活1)在某人的领导下under the leadership of sb./ under ones leadership2)他牵着Dickon的手把他领进屋。He took Dickon by the hand to lead him into the

10、 house.3)他显示出领导才能。He shows quality of leadership.他显示出领导才能。11.trace v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 & n.C&U痕迹; 踪迹trace back to 追溯到 track n. 足迹; 踪迹; 轨道; & v.追踪; 跟踪 show trace 显现痕迹 sink without trace 消失得无影无踪 follow trace 追踪 hide trace 掩盖痕迹 leave trace 留下痕迹1) 不着痕迹地。without trace/without a trace of sth 没有一丝的痕迹 She speaks E

11、nglish without a trace of Chinese accent.她讲英语不带一点儿汉语口音。2)她唇边掠过一丝微笑。A trace of a smile played across her lips.3)Through reading, I can trace back to ancient Egypt, the cradle of human civilization.4)我最初到那里是为了寻根，探访我妈妈的故乡。（非谓语）I first went there to trace my root, visiting my mums hometown.12.outstandin

12、g adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的近义词： excellent; brilliant; marked stand out 突出；站出来；杰出 an area of outstanding natural beauty自然景色美不胜收的地方1)出色表现/杰出的成就outstanding performance/achievement 2)Just be yourself, you have the shinning point and that makes you outstanding. 做自己，你有闪光点，那才是让你出众的地方。13.gifted adj.有天赋的; 有天才的; 天资聪颖

13、的be gifted/talented in/at sth.在方面有天赋be gifted with sth.=be born with 具有(令人愉快的特质)gift n.C礼物; 天赋have a gift/ talent for sth.在方面有天赋show a talent for 显示出天赋1)He was gifted/talented _ music.=He has a gift /talent for music.2) Man is the only creature that is gifted _ speech.3)He was gifted with a superb v

14、oice.仿写：他有迷人的微笑。He was gifted with a charming smile.4)对文学极有天赋，他赢得了今年的诺贝尔文学奖。(非谓语)Gifted in literature, he won the Nobel Prize in literature this year.14.abstract adj.抽象的；n.（文献等的）摘要助 记： abstract=abs(分离)+tract(拖)从中拖出来，分离出抽象abstractly adv.抽象地 (反)concretely 同根词：attractv.吸引；引起注意助 记： attract=at(=ad，去，趋向)+

15、tract(拖)拖过去吸引attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的attraction n.有吸引力的事物；吸引abstract knowledge/principles 理论知识/抽象原理15.steady adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的steadily adv.稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地steady aim 稳定的目标steady income 固定的收入steady jobs 固定的工作be steady in ones principle 坚持原则He prefers _ steady life.Relax as much as possible and keep bre

16、athing _ (steady).The exports _ (正稳步增长) year by year.She has _ (稳定的收入).16. come down with. 患(病); 染上(小病) come about 发生come across 邂逅；被理解 come out 出现;盛开;出版come to 合计；达到 come up走近；发生；被提及come up with 提出/想出 come into being形成1)他染上一种疾病。He came down with a disease. 2)天空放晴，太阳出来了。The sky cleared and the sun c

17、ame out.Sales in our company _ due to the outbreak of the disease.3)那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？（定语从句）Is that the best excuse (that) you can come up with?4） I wonder how it _ that she is two hours late on such a short ship. 5）I _ Mary while wandering downtown yesterday.语段填空6)_(当谈及) English learning,I have the fol

18、lowing practical suggestions to share.Firstly,when you _ (遇见) unfamiliar words,dont always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore,when teachers questions _(被提及) in class,you should try to _(想出) answers.Lastly,if you fail,you must say to yourself,“ _(加油)! (应用文写作之建议信)17.astronomer n.C天文学家 astronomy n.天文

19、学astronomical adj.天文学的；极巨大的18.telescope n.望远镜 microscope n. 显微镜 scope: .镜（观察仪器）19.furthermore /moreover /besides/what is more /in addition 1)除了聪明之外，他还很勇敢，敢说别人不敢说的话。此外，他的意志还非常坚定。Besides being brilliant, he was brave and he dared to say what others were afraid to say . Furthermore, he was quite determ

20、ined.20.brilliant adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地;出色地; 精彩地; 高明地同义词：bright/clever/smart/intelligent21. above all 最重要的是; 尤其是（强调重要性）after all 毕竟；终究all in all 总的说来/总之 in all 合计；总共 not.at all 一点也不/根本不first of all 首先；第一 （强调顺序）1)All in all, you should not have scolded the boy at all, for he is a chi

21、ld after all. Above all, he made only two mistakes in all. 2)A:Your boy broke my window. B:Dont scold him. _,hes just a child.3)He is honest. He doesnt like making up an excuse for his failure _. 4) _, you should know what profession suits you.5)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a go

22、od idea. _, uniforms can reduce the psychological comparisons. In addition, uniforms is beneficial to saving students money and time.6)In my opinion，you must be smart，confident，and，_， honest. 22.fault n.C&U弱点; 过错find fault with 挑的错，找的茬be at fault 有过错；应当负责faulty adj.不完美的；有缺陷的faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的同义

23、词：error/mistake 错误 shortcoming/weakness 弱点1)Life can be great when you are not busy_(find) fault with it.2)He is such a stubborn person that he never accepts that he has been at fault.3)If my memory was not_ fault, it was Thursday.4)不要老是挑别人的错，先反思一下自己。Dont always_ others, reflecting on yourself first

24、.5)Its the boys fault that the window was broken.23.shift n.C改变; 转换; 轮班 & v.转移; 转向a shift of crops 庄稼的轮作1)the work shift 轮岗，轮班；the day/night shift白/夜班2)Joe听着，不安地把重心从一只脚转移到另一只脚。（非谓语作状语）Joe listened, _ uncomfortably from one foot to another.24. vivid adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的vividly adv.生动地vivid memories 清晰的记

25、忆a vivid description 生动的描述1)有丰富的想象力have a vivid imagination2)周三晚上，我做了个十分逼真的梦，让我很不安。（定语从句）On Wednesday night I had a very vivid dream which really upset me.3） 我对我们第一次相见的那天记忆犹新。 I_ remember the day we first met .25. 让他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的，就是他对其他事物有浓厚兴趣, 比如音乐和绘画。What made him such an outstanding and creat

26、ive scientist was his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.Make+宾语+宾补 make+ it +adj./n. (for sb.) to do sth.make sb./sth. do 变为被动语态时，原来省略的to要还原。Being exposed to the covid-19 will make us _(infect) quickly, so we should take some measures to protect ourselves. First, I think, st

27、aying at home is a good way to make us _(stay) safe. Besides, washing hands frequently and wearing masks when going out make _ possible for us to keep away from it. Whats more, I think we should make it a rule _(exercise) regularly, which can help us strengthen our body. Last but not least, it is a

28、good way to keep a balanced diet to make us _(strength).26.When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”,his reply was a determined “Why not.”状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:(1)连词+形容词As (he was) young,he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。Work hard when (you are)

29、young,or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。(2)连词+名词Although (he was) a farmer,now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,现在他是位著名的导演了。(3)连词+动词-ing形式Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days,he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在努力学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。(4)连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一起去那里。(5)连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.他站起来好像要说什么。(6)连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。6学科网（北京）股份有限公司