比较结构讲义-高考英语二轮复习.docx

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1、比较结构1.原级比较(1)as. as 结构表示“和.-样”其否定式形式为not so/as as;该结前可以用 nearly, almost nothing like(绝对不), just, twice, (three) times 等词修饰表示某种程度的相等。如:Youre nothing like as critical as you used to be.你一点也不像过去那样挑别。I just want to read as interesting a book as that one. = I just want to read a book as interesting as th

2、at one.我只是想读跟那本一样有趣的书。He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.他入睡和醒过来都很迅速The room is not so big as we imagined房间没有我们想象的大。(2) not so much.as.表示“与其.不如.”(否定前者,肯定后者)。如:Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work 与其说成功在于运气,不如说在于辛勤劳动。He is not so much a scholar as a pedant与其说他是个学者,不如说他是个书呆子(3)

3、 A is to B what C is o D型其中的 what 可以用来表示比较两种事物相同或相似的关系,表示“A之于 B就好像 C之于 D一”。但如果是数与数的比较,则一般用 as。如:To the Portuguese, the dry salted cod is what pasta is to the Italians.咸鱼干对葡萄牙人来说,就像面食对意大利人一样不可或缺。2.比较级(1)常用结构形容词/副词的比较级+than其否定形式为les+形容词/副词原级+than。比较级前面可用a bit,a little, a lot,even, far, greatly, many,

4、much, slightly, still 等表示度的词修饰。注意当more 后面接复数名词时,不能用 much 来修饰而用 many 或 far 等词来修饰。如Mike is much less heavy than his brother.迈克远没有弟弟重。They need many more volunteers than we think 他们需要志愿者的人数比我们设想的多得多(2) “the+比较级.the比较级示“越.”。该结前面部分是语从后面部分是表示结果的主句,整个句子表示“后面部分随着前面部分的变化而变化”。如:The older we grow,the poorer ou

5、r memory will become.年纪愈大,记忆力愈差(3)比较级的特殊结构More A than B或rather A than B与其说是B不如说是A less A than B或not so much A as B与其说是A不如说是B none other than 不是别的.正是.No other.than 不是别的.正是.more than 不只是极其no more than仅仅，只不过no more.than.与.一样不.other than 不同于.,非.His visit to New York was more than.sightseeing.他去纽约不只是为了观光

6、You are not capable of speaking English any more than I am. / You are no more capable of speaking English than I am.你和我一样都说不好英语。Our teacher asked us to write a no more than three-thousand-word essay. 老师要求我们写一篇不超过3000 字的文章。In his composition there were no other errors than a few misspelled words. 在他的

7、作文里除了几个拼写错误,没有别的错误。This room is no bigger than that one.这间房和那间一样小。This room is not bigger than that one.这间房间不比那间大。3、最高级基本结构为: (the+)形容词/副词的最高级+比较范围。最高级的含义也可通过 more. than,as. as否定词+比较级等结构表达。如:This is one of the best movies Ive ever watched这是我看过的最好的电影之一。My mother does more housework than any of us. 妈妈

8、做家务活比我们任何人都要多。(妈妈干家务活最多。)Nothing is more attractive to me than reading. = Nothing appeals to me more than reading.没有什么比阅读对我更有吸引力。The Yangtze River is among the longest rivers in the world长江是世界上最长的河流之一。4、as,than引导比较状语从句在as. as 和more. than 等比较结构中as/than 可作连词引导比较状语从充当从句中的主语表语、宾语的作用,其功能类似于定语从句的关系代词如:Chi

9、ldren should not have more money than is needed.孩子们不应该有比需要的更多的钱。The medicine is more effective than is expected.这药比预期的更有效。She makes as much (money) as Ido.她赚的钱和我赚的一样多。5.倍数表达法“A is倍数+the size/length/width of B”(A是B的几倍大小/长/宽)。“A is倍数as+形容词或副词原级+as B”(A是B的几倍)。“As倍数more than B”(A比B多几倍)。如：The Yangtze Riv

10、er is almost three times the length of (= three times as long as = twice longer than) the Pearl River.长江差不多是珠江的三倍长。/ 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。6.具有比较意义的特殊形式(1)一些本身就具有比较意义的单词,其后常接介词 to引出比较的对象而不能用 than;常见的有:senior to (比.年长;比.地位高), junior to(比.年少;比.级别低) anterior/prior to(在.之前)posterior to(晚于)prefer to(更喜欢,宁愿) superi

11、or to(比.优越) inferior to(比.差低于.的).(2)表示对比的一些标志性词语，如 like, unlike, in contrast, in comparison with,compared with等,可用于同级比较比较级和最高级;注意不要混 compare with(与.相比) compare to(把.比作);如:The Prime Ministers support staff is tiny in comparison with (= compared with) that of a US President.和美国总统比起来,首相的参谋团人数少得可怜。（3）一些表示完全、极限的形容词由于本身意义的关系,不能采用比较结构。常见的有:absolute(绝对的)，correct(正确的)，complete(完全的)，excellent(优秀的)，empty(空的), false(错的)，maximum(最高/大的), perfect(最好的), unique(独一无二的)wrong(错误的)等。如：Shakespeare occupies a unique place in English literature. 莎士比亚在英国文学史上占有独一无二的地位。学科网（北京）股份有限公司