高三英语一轮复习定语从句重要概念及试题基本方法讲义.docx

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1、高中英语定语从句重要概念及试题基本方法定语从句的三个重要概念1. 定义：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。如：The man you talked about is our headmaster. 你们刚才所谈论的那个人是我们的校长This is the bike my father gave me as my birthday present. 这是我父亲送给我作为生日礼物的单车。The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 那棵叶子红色的树是去年栽的2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、

2、代词或句子充当。如：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 在舞台上唱歌的那个男孩今年才九岁。(现行词是名词)Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 任何愿意帮助他人的人都欢迎来参加我们的组织。(现行词是代词)His mother is out of danger,which excites their family very much. 他母亲脱离了危险，这件事情使他们家兴奋不已。(现行词是句子)3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词就

3、叫做关系词。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。如：Lee is one of the students who are working very hard. 李是一个学习非常努力的学生。(引导词who)There is nobody but knows you here. 这儿没有不认识你的人。(引导词but)He led us to a place where we hav

4、e never been before. 他把我们带到了我们以前从未去过的地方。 (引导词where)关系代词作定语的定语从句一、whose关系代词在从句中作定语表示所属关系，先行词是人，表示“先行词这个人的”，用whose；先行词是事物，表示“先行词这个事物的”，用whose或theof which或of which都可以。如：In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effects he still suffers. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病。The treasure some of which has been reco

5、vered, has been sent to the British Museum.这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。二、which关系代词which用作定语时，含有类似this或that的含义。如：She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.她可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。He lost his temper,at which pointI decided to go home.他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。I may have to work late,in which caseIll telephone

6、.我可能得晚点下班，那样我会打电话的。The speaker paused to examine his notes,at which pointa loud crash was heard.讲演者停下来查阅他的笔记，就在这时，听到了砰的一声巨响。He was appointed Lord Chancellor, in which post he spent the rest of his life.他被任命为大法官，在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。My father may have to go into hospital,in which casewont be going on holid

7、ay.我父亲可能需要住院，如果那样他就不去度假了。Sometimes feta is very salty,in which caseno salt needs to be added.有时，羊奶干酪很咸。如果这样的话，就不必加盐了。含有定语从句的一系列难题请看下面的题：How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to has comeB. to have comeC. to having comeD. has come【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语look forward to意为“

8、盼望”，其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是，句中介词to的宾语不是have come，而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是：the holiday为句子主语，we have been looking forward to是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，被省略)，has come是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题：The man you referred to _ just now.A. comesB. comeC. coming D. came【分析】答案选D，句子主语为the man，you

9、referred to为修饰the man的定语从句，空白处填came，为句子谓语。The theory he sticks to _ to be of no use in our studies.A. provesB. proveC. proving D. be proved【分析】答案选A，he sticks to是修饰主语the theory的定语从句，句子的基本结构为The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.The work he devoted his time to _ worth praising.A. wasB. beC.

10、 beingD. been【分析】答案选A，he devoted his time to是修饰主语the work的定语从句。句子的基本结构为The work was worth praising.I think this is the very work that we must finish _ her.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. helped【分析】答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish是修饰名词the very work的定语从句，finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词t

11、hat，其后的不定式to help her是目的状语。Which do you enjoy _ your weekend, swimming or fishing?A. spendingB. being spentC. spendD. to spend【分析】答案选D。enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which，不是其后的动词spending。此题中的to spend用作目的状语。What the boy enjoys _ to have a room of his own.A. beingB. to beC. isD. are【分析】答案选C，而不选A。what the boy enjoys是

12、主语从句，空格处填的is为谓语动词。Nothing that he suggested _ to be of any use.A. proveB. provedC. provingD. to prove【分析】答案选B，而不选C。句子主语是nothing，that he suggested是修饰主语的定语从句，suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”The old house we paid a visit _ at the top of the hill.A. standingB. to

13、standC. to standingD. to stands【分析】答案选D。we paid a visit to是修饰the old house的定语从句，句中的stands为主句谓语。The life he is now used _ quite different from ours.A. isB. to beC. to beingD. to is【分析】答案选D。句中he is now used to是修饰the life的定语从句，to后的动词is是句子的谓语，句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。The work he paid special attention

14、_ to nothing.A. cameB. to comeC. to comingD. to came【分析】答案选D。句中的he paid special attention to是修饰the work的定语从句，to后的动词came是句子的谓语，句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。The result what he said would lead _ his regret in the future.A. isB. to beC. to beingD. to was【分析】答案选D。句中what he said would lead to是修饰the result的定语从句，to后的

15、动词was是句子的谓语，句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。做题时当心定语从句的干扰有这样一道题，这个to的后面该什么呢？The letter they were looking forward to_at last.A. arrivedB. arrivingC. had arrivedD. arrive分析：对于此题，基础稍差的同学可能选D，认为空格前的to是不定式符号，所以后接动词原形；基础稍好的同学可能会选B，知道look forward to是短语，意为“盼望”，其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动名词；只有基础扎实、语感好、而且细心的同学才会选A，诚如上面所说，

16、look forward to中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，而不用动词原形。但问题是此句中的动词arrive不是介词to的宾语，而是句子的谓语。句子的正解分析是：the letter为句子主语，they were looking forward to是修饰主语的定语从句(介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，被省略)，arrived是句子谓语。请看以下试题：(1)The professor you referred to_just now.A.comesB.comeC.comingD.came答案选D，句子主语为the professor，yo

17、u referred to为修饰the professor的定语从句，空白处填came，为句子谓语。(2)The theory he sticks to_to be of no use in our studies.A.provesB.proveC.provingD.be proved答案选A，he sticks to是修饰主语the theory的定语从句，句子的基本结构为The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.(3)The work he devoted his time to_worth praising.A.was B.be C

18、.being D.been答案选A，he devoted his time to是修饰主语the work的定语从句。句子的基本结构为The work was worth praising.做定语从句试题的基本方法请看下面这道定语从句考题：In fact the man didnt understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A.whereB.whoC.in whichD.which此题应选D。从句子成分看，修饰questions的定语从句缺主语，所以不能选A(where)，C(in which)。又因为这里的先行词(questi

19、ons)是指事不是指人，所以只能选D(which)不能选B(who)。考生在做定语从句试题时，大体上要分清以下几点：1.是定语从句还是其他从句(从句意和句法功能等方面去考虑)。2.是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句法功能。一般说来，关系代词(that，which，who，whom等)主要用作主语和宾语；关系副词(when，where，why)主要用作状语；作定语时用whose。3.受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人(who，whom，that)还是指物(that，which)；是作主语(who，that，which)还是作宾语(which，whom，who)等。4.关系代词可否省略(在通常情况下，只有限制性定语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略)。5.是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(关系代词that以及关系副词why等均不能引导非限制性定语从句)。6.在“介词which”结构中，介词的正确选择(主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配)。学科网（北京）股份有限公司