高三英语一轮复习语法主谓一致考点易错点分析讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法主谓一致考点易错点分析讲义当数量概念作主语时主语一致的用法1.表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语时，通常将其视为整体，谓语动词用单数。如:Iwenty years is a long time.20年是很长的时间Ten dollars is all I have left.我只剩下10美元2. “分数(百分数)+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如:About 20 percent of the pupils were absent that day 那天大约有20%的学生未到。Three-fourths of the surface of the e

2、arth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海。注:在现代英语中，有时即使该结构中的名词为复数，其谓语也可用单数(即将其视为整体)。如:Over eighty per cent of families own owns a television. 百分之八十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。3.“one in out of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如:Only one in ten students has passed the examination.只有十分之一的学生通过了考试。One out of twelve bottles was broken.每12个

3、瓶子中有一个破了。注:在非正式文体中有时也用复数谓语。如:Nationwide,one in five adults are iliterate.就全国范围而言，五个成年人中有一个是文盲。4.“allof(some of, none of. half o, most ot lots o plenty of)+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。 如:Half of the apple is bad.这个苹果有一半是坏的。Half of the apples are bad.这些苹果当中有一半是坏的。Half of our money goes on food.我们有一半的钱花在

4、食物上5.“one and ahalf+复数名词”与“a+单数名词+and ahat”作主语时，国内不少书认为，这两个结构作主语，谓语均用单数。如:One and a half months has passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数。如:One and a half months have passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。6. “thea number of+名词”作主语时，该结构若用定冠词，

5、其后谓语用单数，若用不定冠词，其后谓语用复数。7. 如:The mumber ofpeople invited was fy, but a mumber of them were absent for different reasons.有50人被激请参加，但是很多人因为各种原因而缺席。集合名词作主语时的主谓一致用法1.只表示复数意义的集合名词: poice(警察)，peple(人)，cattle(牛，口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数。如:People are not interested in such things.人们对那样的事不感兴趣。The cattle

6、are in the shed.牛在栏内。The police are watching this mans movements very carefully 警察下在密切监视这个男人的活动2.只表示单数意义的集合名词: clothing(服)， poetry(诗歌)， baggage /luggage(行李)，fumiture家具)， machinery(机械)，scenery(色)，jewelery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，只表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式。如:Ragged clothing infers poverty.衣被楼意

7、味着贫困。Some furniture is made of bamboo.有些家具是竹制的All their baggage was stolen.他们所有的行李都被偷了3.需根据情况来确定单复数意义的集合名词: fami 家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，Crwd(人群)，govemmment(政府)，crew(乘务员)，commite(委员)，adience(听众)，pubtic(公)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体言义时，表示复数意义。如:His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。His family

8、 are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者The team is the best in the league.这个队在联赛中打得最好The football team are having baths.足球队队员们在洗澡注:有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以。如:The public is the best judge. / The public are the best judges. 公众是最好的判断者The family was were too poor to make many acquaintances.这家人太穷，不能结识很多人。不定代词作主语时如何确定主谓

9、一致l.someone,anyone,no one,everyone, something,nothing等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如:Someone has let the news out.有人把这消息泄漏出去。Its SundayNobody is in这是星期天。没人在家。2.al1 作主语时，若指人，谓语通常用复数，若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。如:All have gone home.大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold.发亮的不一定都是金子注:若是“al of+名词”作主语，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致3.eithe和nei

10、ther作主语时，若是单独作主语，谓语动词用单数;若是用于“either neither 名词”结构作主语，则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。如:Neither was satisfactory.两个都不令人满意。Neither of the two computers is are cheap.这两合电脑都不便宜。4.none(0)作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语用单数，若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。如:None of the money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。None of the boys like likes it

11、. 这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它quantity作主语时谓语用单数还是复数1.若单独用quantity作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：It is used to emphasize that the quantity is very large.它用于强调数量很大。2.若用于a great (large, small) quantity of结构，其后主要接不可数名词，但有时也接复数名词；这类结构用作主语时，其谓语的数原则上与其中的名词的数保持一致。如：There are a small quantity of apples in the house.房子里有少量的苹果。A large quantity

12、 of food was on the table.大量的食物摆在桌上。3.若该结构变成(large) quantities of这样的形式，则当它用作主语时，其谓语动词一律用复数(与其中名词的数无关)。如：Huge quantities of oil were spilling into the sea.大量的石油渗到海里。Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood.大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了a large amount of作主语的主谓一致amount用作名词时，意为“数量”“金额”等，通常用于a (great, la

13、rge) amount of这类结构，其后通常接不可数名词。如：There was a fair amount of traffic on the roads.路上的车辆颇多。An increasing amount of organic produce is to be found on supermarket shelves.越来越多的有机产品出现在超市货架上。这类结构用作主语，其谓语的数取决于amount的数。如：在这座桥上花了大量资金。正：A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.正：Large amounts of money w

14、ere spent on the bridge.注：偶尔也可见到其后接复数可数名词的用法，但不算普通。如：The shopkeeper had a large amount of oranges in his storeroom.店主在货仓里存有大量橙子。摘自朗文当代高级英语词典Even small amounts of these substances are known to cause skin problems.我们知道这种物质即使是一丁点也会损害皮肤。“a set of +复数名词”作主语时的主谓一致有朋友在“答疑中心”提问：“a set of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词该用单数

15、还是复数。现特请本站特约作者陈根花老师答复如下：当“a set of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数都有可能，我们手头收录了16个例句，下面是其中的四个例子：(1).if one set of figuresissharply out of line with a trend如果一组数据与总的趋势有很大的出入（摘自柯林斯高级英语学习词典第5版）(2)A set of guidance notesisprovided to assist applicants in completing the form.有一系列注意事项，指导申请人填写表格。（摘自朗文当代英语词典第4版）(3)A s

16、et of twenty-four carved and gilded chairsappearon the inventory of the house for 1736.这幢房子1736年的物品清单上列有一套雕花镀金椅子，共24把。（摘自剑桥高级英语词典第2版）(4)An important set of ideashavebeen advanced by the biologist Rupert Sheldrake.生物学家鲁珀特谢尔德雷克已提出了一整套重要的观点。当并列结构作主语时主谓一致的用法1.由and和both.and连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语动词通常要用复数。如:Chris

17、tianity and Islam are two different religions.基督教与伊斯兰教是两种不同宗教。Both handle and bolt are automatically deadlocked against turning.把手和插梢都自动锁死不能转动的。注:当由and连接的两个并列主语受each,every,no的修饰时，谓语用单数。如:Every boy and (every) girl likes the book每个男孩女孩都喜欢这本书。No desk and (no) chair was seen in the room.房间里不见桌椅。2由or,mn

18、0r,either.or neither.ot,t ny.but asonot.but等连接的并列成作主语时，谓语动词通常与最靠近的主语保持一致(即遵循就近原则)。如:He or Iam wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。Either you or he has taken it.不是你了就是他拿了。Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go.不仅学生想去，老师也想去注意这类句型的疑问句形式:Were you or he there? 当时是你还是他在那儿?Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你还

19、是怪他?注:在非正式文体中，个别结构(如neither.nor)连接主语时，谓语可用复数。如:Neither his father nor his mother have has come.他的爸爸和妈妈都没来。3.由as wel as,as much as,rather than ,more than,n0 less than 等连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如:The teacher as well as the students has read it 不仅学生读过它，老师也读过。The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。学科网（北京）股份有限公司