高三英语一轮复习构词法1冰雪讲义.docx

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1、英语语法高考真题感悟之构词法1考情分析：构词法主要包括派生、合成、转化和截短缩略四大类。在近年高考中，直接体现在语法填空中的应用主要有：给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；给出动词，填写名词或形容词；给出名词，填写形容词。然而，构词法不仅体现在语法填空中，而是广泛分布在阅读、完形等各种题型中。掌握构词法是快速拓展词汇量，深入理解语篇的法宝。一、语法填空真题感悟1.(2021年全国乙卷61&62) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _(educate) about th

2、e areas both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _(develop) of the local areas.答案：educated;development解析：句意：它与传统旅游不同，因为它让旅行者了解该地区的地理条件和文化特征，并经常为保护和促进当地的发展提供资金。educate与逻辑主语traveler之间是被动关系，故become后应用educated作表语，意为

3、“受到教育的”。第二空所填单词在句中作benefits的宾语，需用develop的名词形式，且为不可数名词，故填development。2.(2021年全国新高考卷58)It will_(undoubted) help you get refreshed!答案：undoubtedly解析：句意：它将毫无疑问帮助你变得精力充沛起来。空格处单词修饰动词help，需填副词形式作状语，意为“毫无疑问”。3.(2020年全国卷64) The far side of the moon is of particular _ (interesting) to scientists because it has

4、 a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.答案：interest解析：句意：月球背面令科学家尤其感兴趣。此处为“be+of+n.”结构，相当于“be+adj.”，故填名词interest。4.(2018年全国卷68) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案：str

5、engthen解析：句意：为了避免肌肉疼痛，你可以在柔软的路面上跑步，做运动来增强腿部肌肉。空处为表示目的的不定式，“to+动词原形”，故填动词形式strengthen，意为“增强，强化”。5.(2018年全国卷66) My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案：scientist解析：句意：我的名字是Mireya Mayor。我是一名研究大猩猩和猴子之类的动物的科学家。根据句意及空格前的冠词a可知，此处应填名词，表示“科学家”，故填scientist。真题再

6、练单句语法填空1.(2021年全国甲卷70) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _ (day) routines.2.(2021年全国乙卷68) Provide _ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.3. (2020年全国卷62)Landin

7、g on the moons far side is _ (extreme) challenging.4.(2020年全国卷61) Chinese New Year is a _ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.5.(2020年全国卷69) The _ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.6.(2020年全国卷66) _(certain)

8、during the holiday period, this plant is a must.7. (2020年全国卷64) Filled with _ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.8.(2019年全国卷62) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied.9.(2019年全国卷66) In recent years some Inuit people

9、 in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _(believe) that populations are increasing.10.(2019年全国卷63) Her years of hard work have _ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.11. (2019年全国卷70) But t

10、hen we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _ (wonder).12.(2019年全国卷66) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.13.(2019年全国卷67&68) They also shared wi

11、th us many _ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _ (huge) popular with tourists.14.(2018年全国卷69) Running is cheap, easy and its always _(energy).15.(2018年全国卷63) A taste for meat is _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.16.(2018年全国

12、卷66) This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.17.(2018年全国卷67) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption.18.(2017全国卷69) However, be _ (care) not to go to e

13、xtremes.19.(2017全国卷69) This development was only possible with the _(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.20.(2017全国卷70) The Central London Railway was one of the most _ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.二、语篇真题感悟1. (2020全国卷II卷C篇）When you were trying to figure out what

14、to buy for theenvironmentaliston your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But someecologistsand fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn haveshowcasednutria fur made into clothes in diff

15、erent styles. “It sounds crazy to talk aboutguilt-freefur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vastwetlandsevery year,”says Cree MeCree, projectdirectorof Righteous Fur.该语段所体现的构词法如下：派生：environmentalist (environmental+-ist)n.环保主义者（-ist从事的专家）ecologist (ecology+-ist)n.生态学家director (dire

16、ct+-or)n.主管，导演合成：showcase (show+case)v.展示guilt-free (guilt+free)adj.没有负罪感的wetland (wet+land)n.湿地，沼泽2. (2019全国卷I阅读D篇）Popularityis awell-exploredsubject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor ofclinicalpsychology sorts the popular into two categories: thelikableand the statusseekers. The l

17、ikablesplays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyard friendships,jump-startinterpersonalskills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears inadolescence: status born of power and evendishonorablebehavior.该语段所体现的构词法如下：派生：popu

18、larity (popular+-ity)n.普及，流行，受欢迎度clinical (clinic诊所，门诊+-al)adj.临床诊断的likable (like+-able)adj.可爱的，讨人喜欢的seeker (seek+-er)n.追求者strengthen (strength+-en)v.强化，巩固interpersonal (inter-+person +-al)adj.人际的adolescence (adolescent+-ence)n.青春期dishonorable (dis-不honor+-able可的）adj.不名誉的，不光彩的，可耻的合成：well-explored (w

19、ell+explored)充分研究的plays-well-with-others与他人相处得好jump-start全力以赴启动；激发真题再练根据语境猜测划线词的词性和词义1.In most cities the sky looks as though it has beenemptiedof stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)thatmirrorsour fear of the dark.2. Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion or at the family dinner table,

20、is a common symbol oftogetherness.3. Surround yourself with people whouplift, encourage and understand you! Group exercise is challenging, yet fun andempowering!4. So one day, just to see what she would do, I gentlyplacedone on top of the groundhogs head,again, not amove.5. Then make sure the people

21、 you surround yourself with are supportive. Dont letnegativityruin your motivation.6. Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as aworld-classfault-finder, almost always bothered by things.7. When it comes to insect pests, red fire ants would probabl

22、ytopeveryones list.8. First, you should take an active part in the discussions and freelyvoiceyour opinion.9. Yes, I was blessed; it wasnt a material one, but the kind that willwarmmy heart forever.10. Suddenly she felt tearsfloodedher eyes.【参考答案】一、单句语法填空1.daily考查词性转换。在名词routines前作定语，用形容词，daily rout

23、ines表示“日常生活”。2. financial考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词aid，故需用finance的形容词形式。3.extremely考查副词。修饰形容词challenging应用副词，故填extremely。4.celebration考查词性转换。空格前的不定冠词a提示我们此处应用名词形式。5.beautiful考查词性转换。与long并列修饰名词branches，应用形容词。6.Certainly考查副词。位于句首，修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语。7.curiosity作介词with的宾语，用名词，故填curiosity。8.poorly考查副词。修饰动词stu

24、died作状语，应用副词，意为“研究很少”，故填poorly。9.belief考查词性转换。前面的不定冠词提示我们，空格处应填名词，故填belief。10.finally考查副词。修饰动词have been acknowledged，应用副词，故填finally。11.wonderful考查词性转换。在系动词is后作表语应用形容词,故填wonderful。petition考查词性转换。由空格前的不定冠词an及形容词interesting可知，空格处应该填名词，故填competition。13.traditional;hugely考查词性转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词，故填traditi

25、onal；修饰形容词popular应用副词，故填hugely。14.energetic考查词性转换。作表语要用形容词，energetic表示“精力旺盛的，充满活力的”。15.actually考查副词。修饰动词is作状语，用副词。16.pollution考查词性转换。作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pollution。17.global考查词性转换。在名词短语fertilizer consumption前作定语要用形容词，意为“全球的化肥消耗量”。18.careful考查词义转换。作表语要用形容词，句意为：小心别走极端。19.introduction考查词义转换。作介词的宾语要用名词以及在冠词the后要用名词，表示“采用，引入”，故填introduction。20.successful考查词义转换。the most后要加形容词表最高级，故填successful。二、根据语境猜测划线词的词性和词义1.v.使成为空的，把弄空；v.反射，反映2.n.团结和睦3.v.使上升，振作；adj.使有能力的，给予力量的4.v.放置；n.移动5.n.消极性6.adj.世界级的，国际水平的；n.挑剔的人7.vt.居之首，为之冠8.vt.用语言表达，说出9.vt.使温暖10.vt.大量涌出学科网（北京）股份有限公司