高中英语语法专项讲义：动名词.docx

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1、动名词一 动名词作主语的应用1 动名词位于句首作主语动名词可以位于句首，用作主语，表示一般的概念，强调习惯性的动作。 Talking mends no holes.动名词可以用来暗示亲身经历过的动作。 Why were you so late for work today？ Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.2 “It is no use+动名词”与“There is no use+动名词”句型：作主语的动名词短语如果比较长，为了保持句子平衡，可以将形式主语it放在句首，把动名词短语放

2、在句尾。当句中的表语是no good，no use时，主语常用动名词，不用不定式。 It is no good learning the text by heart without understanding.It is no use crying over spilt milk.“It is no use+动名词”结构相当于“There is no use+（in）动名词”，两者意思相同。 It is no use asking him. =There is no use （in） asking him. 这种结构也可以用在疑问句中。 Is it any use trying to phon

3、e him？ =Is there any use （in） trying to phone him？3 “There is no+动名词”句型：There is no joking about such matters.二 动名词作表语的应用 动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，所表示的动作比较一般和抽象，不指某一次动作。What I hate most is making a great fuss about nothing.三 动名词作宾语的应用1 动词acknowledge，admit，advise，advocate，allow，anticipate，appreciate，avoid，cons

4、ider，contemplate，defer，delay，deny，detest，dislike，endure，enjoy，escape，excuse，fancy，favor，finish，forbid，forgive，imagine，mind，miss，pardon，postpone，practise，prevent，quit，recollect，resent，resist，risk，stand，stop，suggest，understand后要跟动名词作宾语。How do you like your apartment？Not very well. We are considering n

5、ot renewing our lease. be used to，can not help，feel like，give up，insist on，leave off，look forward，object to，put off等短语动词和词组也需要跟动名词作宾语。2 动词attempt，begin，can not bear，cease，continue，dread，forget，hate，intend，like，love，mean，omit，prefer，propose，regret，remember，neglect，start，try后可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语。在上述这些动词中，

6、有些动词（如attempt，begin，can not bear，continue，hate，intend，like，love，prefer，propose，start）后面跟动名词与不定式在意义上差别不大，只是在特定场合下，用不定式更为常见，但是begin和start用于进行时态时，其后面只能跟不定式，不能跟动名词。 Some people hate working in the early morning. Some people hate to work in the early morning. They began studying English three years ago.

7、They began to study English three years ago. They are beginning to study English. 在上述动词中，有些动词（如remember，forget，try，mean，regret）后面跟动名词与不定式在意义上有较大的差别。 “remember+动名词”表示“记得做过某事” “remember+不定式”表示“记住要做某事” I remember posting the letter. Please remember to post the letter. “forget+动名词”表示“忘了做过某事” “forget+不定式

8、”表示“忘了要做某事” He forgot telling me the news. He forgot to tell me the news. “try+动名词”表示“做某事试一试” “try+不定式”表示“试图去做某事” Lets try knocking at the back door. I tried to restrain myself. “mean+动名词”表示“意味着、意思是” “mean+不定式”表示“打算、想要” Accepting the job means living abroad for a long time. I did not mean to hurt yo

9、ur feelings. “regret+动名词”表示“对做过的事感到后悔” “regret+不定式”表示“对将要做的事感到遗憾” I regret having to turn down your proposal. I regret to have to turn down your proposal.3 need，require，want和deserve后跟动名词作宾语：若使用主动态，则表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动态。Your hair needs cutting.This question requires studying.These boxes want numbering.

10、The naughty boy deserves warning.4 worth后跟动名词作宾语：表示被动意义，句中的主语是动名词的逻辑宾语。The novel is worth reading many times.5 动名词作介词的宾语：与介词一起构成介词短语，作句中的状语、定语和表语。He is quick at seeing things.He has not much experience in running factories.She is against holding the meeting.6 在“have difficulty（trouble，a problem，a st

11、ruggle） in doing sth.”、“have a difficult（hard，good，bad） time in doing sth.”、“spend（waste） time in doing sth.”、“lose no time in doing sth.”、“be busy in doing sth.”和“be late in doing sth.”结构中，动名词前的介词in可以省略，尤其在英国英语和口语中。They have trouble concentrating.I had a hard time getting up this morning.He spent a

12、 lot of time helping me with my pronunciation.The doctor lost no time giving the patient first aid.He is busy doing his homework.I was late sending my reply to his letter.四 带逻辑主语的动名词的应用动名词之前可以加上物主代词或名词的所有格作为它的逻辑主语，这种结构称为动名词的复合结构，可以作为句中的主语、表语和宾语。 It is no use your telling me not to worry. Toms going

13、there will not be much help. The question is his not having enough knowledge. My friend insisted on my staying there for supper. She does not mind my coming in late.当带逻辑主语的动名词位于句首时，其逻辑主语必须用名词的所有格或者物主代词，但是当逻辑主语的动名词不位于句首时，其逻辑主语常常可以用名词的普通格或者人称代词的宾格来代替。 Toms sitting up so late is bad for his health. I d

14、o not like strangers interfering in my affairs. Do you mind me making a suggestion？五 动名词完成式的应用若动名词的动作发生在句中谓语动作之前，则该动名词应该用完成式。 She denied having opened the box.在某些动词（如remember，forget，regret）后，尤其是在介词后，表示动作发生在谓语之前的动名词常可用一般式代替完成式。 I do not remember ever seeing him anywhere. I shall never forget seeing y

15、ou for the first time. I do not regret telling her what I thought，even if it upset her. Thank you for giving me so much help. Excuse me for coming late.六 动名词被动式的应用当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词应该用被动式。 Being elected chairman of the committee was a great honor to him.如果动名词的被动式所表示的动作发生在谓语之前，应该用动名词的完成被动式。

16、 He was unhappy for not having been given the hard work.七 动名词与动词不定式的比较动名词与不定式在语义上没有多大差别，有时可以互换使用，但是动名词侧重于表示抽象，泛指动作，或者暗示已经有的经验，并不明确说明动作发生的时间，而不定式则侧重于表示比较具体的某一次动作，还可以表示尚未发生的动作。 Smoking is prohibited here.It is not very good for you to smoke so much.My job is teaching English.My main task now is to tea

17、ch them to read the text.当动作被看作是一般概念，表示一种见解或者看法时，不定式或者动名词都可以用作主语，两者没有什么区别，只是动名词通常暗示出说话者或者直接听话者对该动作有亲身经历，或者暗示该动作是一种习惯。 To drive on such a slippery road is dangerous.Driving on such a slippery road is dangerous.在口语中，句首用动名词要比不定式多，而在疑问句中，句首要用动名词，不能用不定式。 Does our saying that mean anything to him？学科网（北京）股份有限公司