中考英语一轮语法复习——定语从句.docx

《中考英语一轮语法复习——定语从句.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语一轮语法复习——定语从句.docx（3页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、中考英语复习定语从句概念：修饰或限制名词或代词的部分叫定语，当修饰名词或代词的部分为句子时，这个句子就叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，定语从句通常出现在先行词后面，由关系词引出。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，它们在定语从句中充当一定的成分。常见的引导定语从句的关系代词有who，which，that等，他们所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。where、when、how 称为关系副词，在从句中充当状语成分。关系代词或关系副词的作用：(1) 当先行词指人时，关系代词用who/that，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。He looks like

2、the suspect who/that is wanted by the police on the Internet.他看上去像警方在网上通缉的嫌疑犯。Who is the man that you talked with in the office just now? 刚才和你在办公室谈话的人是谁？(2) 当先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。This is the book that/which I have been looking for recently. 这是我最近一直在找的那本书。The car that/which hit a tree

3、just now was completely broken. 刚才撞到树上的那辆车彻底坏了。(3)whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired

4、.Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book is yellow?【总结】that既可指人又可指物，在从句中可以做主语，宾语和表语，做宾语和表语时可以省略。which一般指物，在从句中做主语，宾语，作宾语时可以省略（放在介词后除外）。who在定语从句中做主语，宾语和表语，whom在从句中做宾语。在现代英语里，who也可以代替whom在从句中做宾语，并且可以省略。（介词后做宾语的关系代词除外）。whose即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。(4) 关系副词where，when，why。where指地点，有时

5、可用in which替换，在从句中做地点状语。when指时间，在从句中做时间状语。why指原因，在从句中做原因状语。This is the factory where I work. 这就是我工作的工厂。I often think of the days when we worked together. 我经常想起我们一起工作的日子。I dont know the reason why he was late yesterday. 我不知道他昨天迟到的原因。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是

6、一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of.她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。使用关系代词时应注意以下几点1.如果先行词是all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。All that are present burst into tears.2.如果先行

7、词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3.which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very ha

8、ppy.4.先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.5.“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which,不可用that。The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.像listen to, look at, depend on,

9、 pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of.【举一反三】( )1.-Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom( )2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. wh

10、o； is D. who； was( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous?A. who B. whose C. that D. whom( )4、Ann asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with him B. with whom C. who D. whom( )5、A child _parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose D. with( )6、This is the reason _ he told me. A. that B. why C. on which D. for that( )7、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 学科网（北京）股份有限公司