2022届高考英语概要写作之主题句在段中及无主题句.doc

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1、高中英语概要写作之主题句在段中及无主题句一：.主题句在段中案例1Until the 1960s,most Finnish students left school after six years.In the middle of the 1960s,the Finnish government saw the need to change and modernize their educational system if they wanted to be internationally competitive.Lawmakers made a simple decision:a basic

2、school for all the 7-to 16-year-olds.Compulsory (义务的) education begins at 7.The government makes it possible for all children to attend preschool as well.详细解析:段落第一句话阐述的是一种现象:大多数芬兰学生入学六年后就会辍学。第二句话表明芬兰政府意识到了改变这种现象的重要性及重要措施。第三句话讲述的是芬兰政府的决定:为所有7到16岁的孩子建立一所基础学校。段落中体现重要决策的,往往为主题句。因此,此处为主题句。第四句话表示义务教育开始的年龄

3、。第五句话表示政府尽可能让所有的孩子都能上学前班。都是对第三句进行的补充。自我概括:参考表达:The Finnish government made laws to ensure the compulsory education.简要解析:用“The Finnish government”替换“Lawmakers”,用“made laws”替换“made a simple decision”,将芬兰政府具体的政策高度概括为“the compulsory education”,简洁明了。案例2Let us remember getting up early is a good habit.If

4、you are a late riser,you may find it difficult to form the habit of getting up early.You will have to make efforts to do so.If you want to get up early,sleeping earlier the night before is expected to be successful.Besides,you can set your alarm clock or ask someone whom you know will be awake at th

5、at time to call you.If you stick to getting up early every day,you will certainly benefit a lot from it.详细解析:本段讲述的是如何做到早起。第一句话表示早起是一个好习惯。第二、三句话表示如果你是一个晚起的人,可能很难养成早起的习惯。前三句表明:早起的习惯很难养成。从而引出主题句:早起的策略。第四、五句话表示如果你想早起,你可以前一天晚上早睡。此外,还可以设置闹钟,或让别人打电话叫醒你。第六句话表示如果你坚持每天早起,你一定会受益很多,是对主题句的进一步阐释。因此,需要将第四、五句话进行概括。

6、自我概括:参考表达:If you want to get up early,sleeping earlier and setting a clock or turning to others for help are suggested.简要解析:用“sleeping earlier”“setting a clock”及“turning to others for help”简明地概括了要做到早起的三种策略,使用“are suggested”地道表达,提出建议。二：提炼主题句案例1In recent years,the act of taking a picture of oneself wi

7、th a mobile phone,placing the subject center-stage,has won great popularity with everyone from Britains Queen Elizabeth to U.S.President joining in.详细解析:整段就是一个长句。近年来,用手机自拍照片,在屏幕中间设置主题相片,这种行为越来越流行,甚至英国女王伊丽莎白二世及美国总统也加入了这一行列。概括时只需要用简洁的语言来表达。自我概括:参考表达:Today,more and more people are crazy about taking se

8、lfies,including some famous people.简要解析:使用“Today”代替短语“In recent years”,用短语“take selfies”概括从句“the act of taking a picture of oneself with a mobile phone,placing the subject center-stage”,将“everyone from Britains Queen Elizabeth to U.S.President”高度概括为“some famous people”,使用词组代替整句或从句更简洁。案例2Most of Finl

9、ands schools get their money from the government.The people who are in charge of the educational system,from teachers to officials,are trained teachers,not politicians like in other countries.详细解析:本段讲述的是芬兰教育系统的运作模式。第一句表示芬兰大多数学校的资金都来自政府。第二句表示专业人员负责教育系统的运作。两句是并列的。因此,概括时两句要融合。自我概括:参考表达:The government f

10、inances the schools,and professionals manage the system.简要解析:用“finances”概括“get their money from”,将“The people who are in charge of the educational system,from teachers to officials,are trained teachers”高度概括为“professionals”,用“manage”替换“in charge of”,简洁明了。三：课后练习阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。A typical lion

11、 tamer(驯兽师)in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭子)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show.In reality, its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the ch

12、air at the same time.With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do

13、 you have something you want to achieve(e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is the best, the people who want t

14、o improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesnt have to be that way.Anytim

15、e you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this:All you need to do is to focus on one thing.You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want

16、 to become.take immediate action.If youre clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Chinas bike-sharing has exploded from nothing about a year ago into a transport phenomenon in major cities. Just by scanni

17、ng the QR code(二维码)that appears behind the seat, one can unlock a shared bicycle. Once the service has finished, the user blocks the bike and the total is charged to his mobile account. The process lasts less than 30 seconds and costs no more than one penny. By the way, there are still no fixed plac

18、es to find or leave a bike, although areas such as university campus, and metro or bus station are preferred.Many young people believe shared bicycles have many advantages. They are not expensive to rent, they do not have to be protected from thieves, and there is no need to repair them. You just ha

19、ve to change them for another one. They are also environment-friendly and lower the use of cars, which also helps to relieve traffic. In fact, it is considered an awesome combination of technology and tradition.There is no doubt about the benefits but the disadvantages cannot be ignored. Many proble

20、ms related to shared bicycles have emerged. It is not only due to bad behavior from some users who always want to seize the bicycles, but also because of the mess that has been created since one can leave the bicycle anywhere, which is against public urban order management. There are so many poorly

21、parked bikes that sometimes they end up blocking streets.In Xi Luoyuan, Beijing, the“Civilized Use of Bicycles”campaign has been launched. In addition to having 40 officially permitted stops, there are also clear signals to lead users to these stops. A team of supervisors keep order in the area. Thi

22、s is the first area that is part of an official system to manage bicycles. The purpose of this campaign is to solve the mess that the popularity of shared bicycles is causing in Beijing, both with the participation of companies and the users. If the pilot plan works out well in Xi Luoyuan, it will b

23、e extended to all of the cities in China. 参考答案：What really matters in a lion taming is the chair, which confuses the lion by the four legs.(要点1) So do people in the face of too many options.(要点2) We are always prevented from making progress because we cant make sound choices before the conflicting i

24、nformation.(要点3) So if you want to be successful, focus on one thing and get started quickly.(要点4)Chinas shared bicycles are gaining popularity with the public as a cheap and convenient transport option.(要点1) The advantages of it also include providing people with an environment friendly life by relieving traffic and reducing pollution.(要点2) However, the bad behavior of some users and the mess they cause also lead to some problems.(要点3) Beijing has launched a campaign to regulate bike-parking, which will hopefully set a good example for the rest of China.(要点4)