高三英语阅读专题新编训练之说明文（含答案及部分解析）.doc

《高三英语阅读专题新编训练之说明文（含答案及部分解析）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语阅读专题新编训练之说明文（含答案及部分解析）.doc（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2022高三英语阅读专题训练之说明文（A） The third-generation hybrid rice which was developed by Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, and his team ran its first public yield monitoring from Monday to Tuesday and achieved high output. The final yield of the tested variety, G3-1S/P19, came to1046.3 kg per mu（about

2、667 square meters）, based on two pieces of land in Qingzhu Village under the city of Hengyang in central Chinas Hunan Province.Some previous high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in China took 160 to even 180 days from sowing to harvesting, while the figure was shortened to around 125 days for the new

3、 variety. This is one of the most important features of the third-generation hybrid rice that can reduce the use of pesticides（杀虫剂）and fertilizers, thus reducing cost and improving production efficiency. said Qian Qian, the deputy director of the China National Rice Research Institute.Unlike the pre

4、vious two generations that required a large amount of water and fertilizers as well as demanding growing conditions and technological support, the third-generation hybrid rice is easier to be cultivated（种植）by ordinary farmers. So the soil, altitude and climate of the test site were not ideal conditi

5、ons carefully selected beforehand but were close to the paddies（稻田）of ordinary farmers.Nowadays. Chinas average yield of rice is about 500 kg per mu. Ordinary farmers can produce 600 kg to 700 kg of rice per mu by growing some excellent second-generation hybrid rice varieties. However, under the sam

6、e planting conditions and environment, the yield of the third-generation hybrid rice could reach 800 kg per mu. China now feeds around 20 percent of the worlds population with less than 9 percent of the worlds arable（可耕种的）land.At present, Yuans team has nine third-generation hybrid rice combinations

7、 under trial, which are expected to achieve commercial seed production in the following three to four years and hope to apply the technology into the research of sea rice. The third-generation hybrid rice has the comprehensive strength to promote a greener and more sustainable development of Chinas

8、rice production with higher quality and yield.1What feature of the new hybrid rice does Qian Qian mainly talk about?AIt saves a lot more water.BIt has a shorter growing period.CIt saves much more farmland.DIt achieves a higher yield.2Why is the new hybrid rice not tested in ideal areas?AThe ordinary

9、 farmers master planting technology.BThe researchers want to reduce the experiment cost.CThe growing conditions the new hybrid rice needs are simple.DThe previous rice farming provides researchers with experience.3What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?AThe high output of the third-generation hyb

10、rid rice.BThe future of the new hybrid rice variety.CThe advanced technology of the research on hybrid rice.DThe differences between the three hybrid rice varieties.4Where is this text most likely from?AA news report.B A guide book.CAn advertisement.DA fashion magazine.（B）The snow in Antarctica is t

11、urning green and scientists say climate change may be to blame. According to a study at the Cambridge University, microscopic algae blooms (藻类爆发) across the surface of the snow is slowly turning Antarcticas winter white landscape green. Although microscopic, scientists say theyre able to see the “gr

12、een snow” from space when the algae blooms all together.Researchers created a large-scale map of green snow algae along the Antarctic coast using a combination of satellite data and on-the-ground observations over the course of two summers. The study found that the green snow algae bloomed in warmer

13、 areas where the average temperatures are just above 0 during the southern hemispheres (半球的) summer months from November to February.“As Antarctica warms, we predict the overall mass of snow algae will increase,” said Dr Andrew Gray, lead author of the paper, and a researcher. Researchers say larger

14、 blooms of algae can be found north of the Antarctic and South Shetland Islands, where it can spread to higher ground as the snow melts.The team also discovered some sea birds and mammals influenced the distribution of algae. Over 60% of algae blooms were found within three miles of a penguin settle

15、ment. Scientists hypothesize this may be due to their droppings which act as a “highly nutritious fertilizer.”“This is a significant advance in our understanding of land-based life on Antarctica, and how it might change in the coming years as the climate warms,” said Dr. Matt Davey in the University

16、 of Cambridges Department of Plant Sciences, who led the study.1.What is turning the Antarctic snow green?A. The melting of snow. B. The blooming algae.C. The beautiful landscape. D. The balanced temperature.2.Where is microscopic algae most likely to bloom in Antarctica?A. North of the Antarctic. B

17、. West of the South Pole.C. South of the Antarctic. D. Around the southern hemisphere.3. What does the underlined word “hypothesize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Confirm. B. Support. C. Assume. D. Warn.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Penguins feed on microscopic algae.B. Antarctic algae grow

18、 under the snow.C. Ground observation lasted for four months.D. Animal droppings contribute to the algae blooms.（C）It is generally supped that the English Romantic Movement began in 1798. However it is not a sudden outbreak but the result of long and gradual growth and development. The Ro-manticism

19、is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848. Politically, “was inspired by the revolutions in America and France. Emo-tionally, it expressed an extreme claim of the self and the value of the individual experience to-gether with the sense of the limi

20、tless and the transcendental(超验的). In Britain, Romantic writers of the first generation included Wordsworth and Coleridge, Blake and Burns. The sec-ond generation of British RomanticsByron, Shelley and Keats absorbed these influences, wrote quickly, travelled widely and their life stories and letter

21、s became almost as important for Romanticism as their poetry.Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic. It is, in fact, a collective term to mean certain characteristics? such as mysticism, humanism, super naturalism? love of beauty, love of nature, love of equality. The chief charac

22、teristics of romantic poetry are as the following：Subjectivity： All romantic literature is subjective. It is an expression of the inner urges of the soul of the artist The poet gives free expression to his feelings, emotions, experiences, thoughts and ideas and. does not care for rules and regulatio

23、ns. The emphasis is laid on inspiration and intuition(直觉).Love of Nature: Enthusiasm for the beauties of the external world characterizes all romantic poetry. Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world. All poets were lover

24、s of nature and looked at the beautiful aspects of nature. To them, nature was a friend, a lover, a mother, sister and a teacher.Imagination and Emotion：The romantic poets laid emphasis on imagination and emotion. The Wordsworths romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of crea

25、tive imagination, childhood memories, beauty of nature, the role of nature as a guiding spirit.1. What can we know about the English Romantic Movement?A. It emphasized the value of policies.B. It originated at the end of 18th century.C. It was affected by the Russian revolution.D. It was caused by s

26、udden growth and development.2. What does Romanticism show?A. It hides the inner desires of poets.B. It focuses on inspiration and reality.C. It is controlled by rules and regulations.D. It is a term involving some certain features.3. What does romantic poetry play a role in?A. Making us always be e

27、nthusiastic.B. Showing us another way to read novels.C. Keeping us enjoying the company of nature.D. Asking us to respect city atmosphere.4. How does the author explain the feature of Imagination and Emotion?A. By giving an example. B. By using a quotation.C. By asking a question. D. By making a com

28、parison.（D）The scientists who re-engineered the plastic-eating enzyme(酶) PETase have now created anew enzyme called “cocktail” , which can digest plastic up to six times faster.PETase breaks down PET back into its building blocks, creating an opportunity to recycle plastic and reduce plastic polluti

29、on. PET is the most common thermoplastic(热塑性塑料) used tomake single-use drinks bottles, which takes hundreds of years to break down in the environment, but PETase can shorten this time to days. The initial discovery set up the prospect of a revolution in plastic recycling, creating a potential low-en

30、ergy solution to tackle plastic waste.Now, the same trans-Atlantic team have combined PETase and its “partner”, a second enzyme called MHETase, to generate much bigger improvements: simply mixing PETase with MHETase doubled the speed of PET breakdown, and engineering a connection between the two enz

31、ymes to create a “super-enzyme”, increased this activity by a further three times.The team was co-led by the scientists who engineered PETase, Professor John McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham. Professor McGeehan said: “Gregg and I were chatting about how PETase attacks the surface of the plastics and MH

32、ETase chops things up further, so it seemed natural to see if we could use them together. Our first experiments showed that they did work better together, so we decided to physically link them. It took a great deal of work, but it was worth the effort we were delighted to see that our new enzyme is

33、up to three times faster than the separate enzymes.”The original PETase enzyme discovery indicated the first hope that a solution to the global plastic pollution problem might be within grasp, though PETase alone is not yet fast enough to handle the tons of PET bottles. Combining it with a second en

34、zyme, and finding together they work even faster, means another leap forward has been taken towards finding a solution to plastic waste. PETase and the new combined MHETase-PETase both work by digesting PET plastic. This allowsfor plastics to be made and reused endlessly, reducing our reliance on fo

35、ssil(化石) resources.1. What can we learn about “cocktail” from the text?A. It doubles the breakdown of plastics.B. It takes hundreds of years to break down.C. It contributes to breaking down plastic quickly. D. It deals with the plastic waste three times faster.2. What is the second paragraph mainly

36、about?A. A new study of PET. B. The breakdown of PET. C. The discovery of PETase. D. The functions of PETase.3. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Co-leading the trans-Atlantic team.B. Combining PETase and MHETase.C. Attacking the surface of the plastics.D. Talking about c

37、onducting experiments.4. What can we infer from the text?A. PET pollution is no longer a difficult problem to deal with.B. New enzyme is speeding up our reliance on fossil resources.C. MHETase-PETase makes the world free from plastic pollution.D. Plastic-eating enzyme “cocktail” promises new hope fo

38、r plastic waste. （E）In a new blog post for the International Monetary Fund, four researchers presented their findings from a working paper that examines the current relationship between finance and tech as well as its potential future.Gazing into their crystal ball, the researchers see the possibili

39、ty of using the data from your browsing, search, and purchase history to create a more accurate mechanism for determining the credit rating of an individual or business. They believe that this approach could result in greater lending to borrowers who would potentially be denied by traditional financ

40、ial institutions.At its heart, the paper is trying to wrestle with the dawning notion that the institutional banking system is facing a serious threat from tech companies like Google, Facebook, and Apple. The researchers identify two key areas in which this is true: Tech companies have greater acces

41、s to soft-information, and messaging platforms can take the place of the physical locations that banks rely on for meeting with customers.The concept of using your web history to inform credit ratings is framed around the notion that lenders rely on hard-data that might hide the worthiness of a borr

42、ower or paint an unnecessarily bad picture during hard times. Citing soft-data points like the type of browser and hardware used to access the internet, the history of online searches and purchases that could be included in evaluating a borrower, the researchers believe that when a lender has a clos

43、er relationship with the potential clients history, they might be more willing to cut them some slack.Banks tend to cushion credit terms for their long-term customers during downturns, the papers authors write. This is because they have a history and relationship with the customer.The researchers ac

44、knowledge that there will be privacy and policy concerns related to including this kind of soft-data in credit analysis. Getting the soft-data points would probably require companies like Facebook and Apple to loosen up their standards on linking unencrypted information with individual accounts. How

45、 they might share information with other institutions would be its own can of worms.1. What is the approach put forward by the researchers?A. Replacing banks with soft information.B. Lending money by predicting the future.C. Determining credit ratings by web history.D. Facing the threat posed by hig

46、h-tech companies.2. Why do they advocate the new way of rating the borrowers credit?A. Traditional finance refuse to lend money.B. The new approach helps reduce burden on banks.C. The type of hardware misleads the lenders judgement.D. Soft information better reflects the truth than hard data.3. Whic

47、h is the closest in meaning with the underlined phrase in Paragraph 4?A. Be less strict. B. Share interests. C. Forgive others fault. D. Cut a piece of bread.4. What do the researchers worry about?A. Banks will break up with customers.B. High tech companies will be in a mess.C. Sharing information m

48、ay cause problems of privacy.D. Competition between tech companies will be more fierce.（F）At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respec