高考英语阅读加餐练之说明文（含答案详解）.doc

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1、2022高考英语阅读加餐练之说明文（含答案详解）（A）Mon hunted. Women gathered. But the discovery of a woman buried 9,000 years ago in the Andes Mountains with weapons and hunting tools challenges this widely accepted view. The woman, thought to be between 17and 19 years old when she died, was buried with items that suggest

2、ed she hunted big-game animals by spear (矛) throwing.The objects accompanying people in death tend to be those that accompanied them in life. Although some scholars have suggested a role for women in ancient hunting, others have dismissed this idea even when hunting tools were uncovered in female bu

3、rials.To examine whether this woman found at this site was an exception, the researchers examined 429 skeletons at 107 burial sites from around 8,000 to 14,000 years ago. Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools11 were female and 15 were male. The sample was sufficient to“justify the

4、conclusion that female participation in early big-game hunting was likely nontrivial,” said lead study author Haas.The findings add to doubts about “man-the-hunter”assumption about early humans since the mid-20th century. That theory assumes that it was men who went out and hunted, bringing home mea

5、t to feed women and children, who were responsible for gathering berries, plants and nuts to enrich the dict.But recent research suggests hunting was very much a community-based activity, needing the participation of all able-bodied individuals to drive large animals, the study said. Meanwhile, the

6、spears used at that time had low accuracy, encouraging participation, and using it was as kill learned from childhood. Women may also have been freed from child care demands by “allo-parenting”raising children was a job shared by many.“Our findings have made me rethink the most basic organizational

7、structure of ancient hunter-gatherer groups, and human groups more generally,” Haas said.1.The discovery of the buried woman shows_.A. she was killed by a big-game animal B. she might use hunting tools when aliveC. women were good at throwing spears D. women were buried alone after death2. The under

8、lined word “nontrivial” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”.A. limited B. direct C. significant D. passive3. Which of the following lead to womens involvement in hunting?allo-parenting big-game hunting tasks of gathering less accurate toolsA. B. C. D.4. Haas probably believes that _.A. most of our anc

9、estors were buried with hunting toolsB. we should reconsider previous views on human groupsC. division of labor in hunter-gatherer society remains unchangedD. the tomb found in the Andes justifies“man-the-hunter” assumption（B）The idea of low material desire, low consumption andrefusing to work, marr

10、y and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle,recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work st

11、ress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the“involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.“Instead of always following the virtues of struggle,

12、 endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “Itis no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the

13、worries behind.”Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some C

14、hinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.“Young people on campus have both

15、aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “Its no use running away. I have to stand up and face the reality sooner or later.”1. What does the underlin

16、ed phrase in paragraph 1 mean? A. Warned. B. Criticized. C.Touched. D. Amused.2. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?A. Improvements in living conditions.B. Growing pressure from family and social life.C.Increasing material possessions from families.D. Temporary adjustm

17、ent to failure in competitions.3. Whats the scholars attitude toward the “lying down” group? A. Understanding. B.Intolerant. C. Supportive. D. Unclear.4. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?A. They never really drop their responsibilities.B. They really enjoy the“lying down

18、” lifestyle.C. They find their dreams far beyond their reach.D. They would rather escape than take challenges.（C）Kids spend a lot of time looking at screens. And some parents worry. But a new study argues against the anxiety parents may feel.“Parents are hearing a message that social media, digital

19、technology use is causing very serious and harmful problems like depression, like suicide-related behaviors,”Candice Odgers, professor of psychological science at the University of California said. “But the idea is that if you shut off social media, you could in fact be making a situation worse. Par

20、ents are really being sent a message that is not supported by anything scientifically.”Odgers and her colleagues looked at the screen-related behavior of 400 public school students in North Carolina aged 10 to 14. The researchers found that the kids spent between almost five hours to seven hours per

21、 day on their devices. Thats a lot of hours but the researchers didnt find connection between the amount of time that young people spent online using digital technologies and mental health signs like depression, or anxiety. They found that young people who sent more text messages actually reported b

22、etter mental health.This was a small association,but it reflects what other people have found: the people who are very connected offline, who use technology in the positive ways to stay connected, often are more connected online as well and experiencing better mental health.So why the fears about sc

23、reen time? Odgers argues that the methods for previous studies may have led to false conclusions. When given a survey, the kids were often asked to recall, over the past six months, “How often are you online?” and “Have you ever felt depressed”. And the relation between those two things has been use

24、d to spread a lot of fear around the connection between social media use and things like depression, yet 99.5% of the reasons that kids differ in their depression is due to something other than the time they spend online.1. The new study is mainly about the relation between _.A. kids, screen time an

25、d their eyesight B.kids screen time and their depressionC. social media use and kids mental health D. Internet environment and kids mental health2. What does Odgers think of the message parents received?A. It misleads people. B. It makes much sense.C. It was confirmed by science. D. It reveals paren

26、ts, ignorance.3. What kind of kids bear better mental health?A. Kids spending less time online. B. Kids staying unconnected offline.C. Kids shutting off social media. D. Kids positively using digital technology.4. Whats the main purpose of the text?A. To present a social phenomenon. B. To challenge

27、a common belief.C. To draw attention to kids,health. D. D. To encourage more screen time.（D）Next day, Jo wanted to get out of the house, so she picked up her skates and went next door to ask Laurie to take her skating.Amy heard them going. “Jo promised to take me with her next time!” she complained.

28、“Its hard for her to forgive you, Amy,”said Meg. “Go after them and wait until Jo is enjoying herself, then give her a kiss or do something kind.”It was not far to the river, but Jo and Laurie were already skating when Amy arrived. Jo saw Amy but turned away.Laurie was carefully skating along the ed

29、ge of the ice and didnt see the younger girl.Amy put her skates on and stood on the ice. “Keep near the edge. The ice isnt safe in the middle.” Laurie called to Jo, then he disappeared round the first bend in the river.Jo heard, but Amy did not. Jo realized that Amy probably hadnt heard, but she sai

30、d nothing and skated after Laurie. “Let Amy look after herself!” Jo thought.Amy skated out towards the smoother ice in the middle of the river. Jo reached the bend, and for a moment she stood still,a strange feeling in her heart. Something made her turn roundjust in time tosee Amy throw up her hands

31、 and go crashing through the ice into the cold water!Amy gave a cry that made Jos heart stop with fear. She tried to call Laurie,but her voice was gone, and for a second she could only stand and stare at the little blue hood(帽子) of Amys coat above the black water.Suddenly, Laurie skated past her and

32、 shouted, “Bring a piece of wood from the side of the river, quickly!”Wild with fear, Jo fetched some wood and pulled it across the ice, while Laurie held Amys head above the water. Together, they got her out.She was more frightened than hurt, and was quickly taken home. They covered her in blankets

33、 and tried to calm her, and after a little while she fell asleep in front of the warm fire. Later, when everything was quiet, Jo asked her mother, “Are you sure she is safe ?”“Quite safe, dear. It was sensible together home as quickly as you did.”“Laurie did it all,” said Jo. “Mother, if she should

34、die, it will be my fault. I get angry so quickly. Oh, why cant I be more like you?”“I get angry nearly every day of my life,Jo,” said Mrs March, “but Ive learned not to show it. Ive learned to stop myself saying the angry words that come to my lips, and you must try to do the same, my dear.”1.Why di

35、d Jo turn away the moment she saw Amy?A. She heard Laurie calling her. B. She had to adjust her skates. C. She would not forgive Amy. D. She regretted not keeping her promise.2. Which of the following happened first?A. Laurie and Jo got Amy out of the river.B. Laurie warned Jo to keep near the edge.

36、C. Jos heart stopped with fear hearing Amys cry.D. Amy skated out towards the middle of the river.3. How did Jo probably feel after knowing Amy was safe and sound?A. Relieved. B. Disappointed. C.Annoyed. D. Proud. 4. Which ending is the writer most likely to add to the story?A. Mr. March blamed Jo s

37、o hard that she cried. B. Laurie thought ill of Jo and broke up with her.C. Amy was grateful to learn a lesson from the accident.D. Everything was forgiven and forgotten when Amy woke up. （E）Streaming（流媒体）first became popular in 2005, thanks to YouTube. Nowadays nearly three quarters of American hou

38、seholds subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming

39、 services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime (动画片).In the early days of steaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month (and subscribes to three streaming platform, while the average cable（有线电视）user pays more than $200 per mont

40、h. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12.5 percent, to $8.99 a month. A quarter of is subscribers,who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.A major reason: Streaming networks have

41、become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations（提名）than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usuall

42、y only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the Coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+. But wat

43、ching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99 on top of the services monthly fee of $6.99.Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end.” Aleja

44、ndro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours.1. What do the underlined words “Goliath” and “David”in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. TV viewers. B. TV programs.C. Streaming subscribers. D.Streaming services.2. Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions?A.

45、They cannot go without it.B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.C. Netflix has controlled the market.D. They think it is good value for money. 3. What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney？A. The movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.B. The movie Mulan will generate great pro

46、fits.C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.4. What do binge-watchers tend to do?A. They start a new life. B. They watch TV series continuously.C. They break world records. D.They watch TV series aimlessly（F） We humans love to stare into our smart devi

47、ces. We gaze for hoursabout 10 hours and 39 minutes a dayat our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While its true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, theres no scientific evidence suggestin