九年级中考英语语法知识梳理-动名词.docx

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1、九年级中考英语语法知识梳理动名词1.动名词的形式及特征动名词是非谓语动词的一种，它由动词原形加-ing构成，形式上与现在分词相同。动名词既具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语，并与其一起构成动名词短语，又具有名词、形容词及副词的特征，在句中可作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等成分，但不能作谓语，因此称动名词为非谓语动词。2.动名词的用法（1）作主语动名词作主语，放在句子的前面，但当动名词短语较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如：Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。Finding work i

2、s difficult these days.现在找工作很困难。Its no use waiting for another hour.再等一个小时也没用。注意：it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语的常用句型：It is a waste of time doing sth .做是浪费时间。It is no good/no use doing .做是不好的/没用的。It is hardly/scarcely worth doing .做不值得。It is worth/worthwhile doing .做是值得的。如：It is no good reading in the sun.在阳光下看书是

3、不好的。It is useless remembering words only.只记单词是没有用的。It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。动名词作主语常用于there be句型。如：There is no point doing such a silly thing.做这样一件傻事毫无意义。There is no stopping him.无法阻止他。动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如：Talking mends no h

4、oles.空谈无济于事。Nodding the head means agreement.点头意味着同意。（2）作宾语动名词作宾语，既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语，也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。如：He enjoys reading stories.他喜欢读故事。I dislike playing cards.我不喜欢打牌。Have you finished reading the book？你看完这本书了吗？They are practicing singing the new song.他们正在练习唱新歌。He got down to working as soon as he got

5、to the office.他一进入办公室就开始工作。He hurried to school without having breakfast.他没吃早饭就匆匆去了学校。How about going for a picnic？去野餐怎么样？注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以用动名词作宾语，动名词只能做某些及物动词及短语动词的宾语。可以用动名词作宾语的动词常用的有：enjoy，finish，spend，mind，keep，practice，stop，admit，advise，allow，avoid，dislike，miss，suggest可以用动名称作宾语的短语动词有：cant help，gi

6、ve up，keep on，feel like，carry on，put off，insist on，get down to，look forwards to，be/get used to等。下列动词或形容词want，require，need，worth后跟动名词作宾语时，主动形式表被动意义。如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。The house requires repairing at once.这座房子需要马上维修。除介词besides，but，except后跟不定式作介词宾语外，其他介词一般都须跟动名词作宾语。如：You must finish you

7、r work before going to the concert.你必须在去听音乐会之前把工作完成。On seeing her mother，the little girl began to cry out.这个小女孩一看见她的母亲就大哭了起来。（3）作表语动名词作表语，有两种情况：当动名词具有名词性质时，动名词短语说明主语的内容；当动名词具有形容词性质时，动名词说明主语的性质或特征。如：His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。（说明工作的内容）His job is interesting.他的工作很有趣。（说明工作的特征）注意： 当动词-ing的动作是主

8、语所发出时，句子不是系表结构，而是现在进行时。如：He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那所学校教日语。（现在进行时）（4）作宾语补足语动名词作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面。如：I watched them playing volleyball on the playground.我看他们在操场上打排球了。Dont have your guest standing there.不要让客人站在那里。注意：用动名词作宾语补足语的常用动词有：表示感觉、知觉的动词：hear，see，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to等。如：

9、I heard her singing in the next door.我听见她在隔壁唱歌。动词find，get，have，keep，leave，send，suggest等。如：I found the missing boy playing by the river.我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。（5）作定语动名词或动名词短语作定语，有的放在它所修饰的名词之前，有的放在它所修饰的名词之后。单个的动名词作定语时，总是位于被修饰的名词之前，说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。如：China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。Would you please gi

10、ve me some writing paper？请给一些书写纸好吗？动名词后接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时，总是位于所修饰的名词之后，说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。如：The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei.在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。Dont trouble the dog sleeping over there .不要惹是生非。（6）作同位语动名词作同位语，位于同位的名词之后，且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开，表示前面名词的内容。如：His idea，helping farmers get in their crops，intereste

11、d us very much.我们对他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法很感兴趣。The goal，making two thousand cars this month，excites the workers.本月生产两千辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。（7）作状语动名词或动名词短语作状语，表示谓语动词所发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的、程度和结果等。作时间状语。如：Having cleaned the house， she went on to help her mother pick apples.把房子打扫后，她又继续帮助母亲摘苹果。Having had his breakfast，

12、he began to look for work again.吃过早餐后，他又开始去寻找工作。作原因状语。如：Not knowing English ，they found it very difficult to communicate with the people in America.由于不懂英语，他发现在美国跟人们交流很困难。Getting up late ，he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。作条件状语。如：Living in a polluted environment ，people may fall ill easily.如

13、果生活在受污染的环境中，人们很容易生病。Loving others ，you will be loved by others.如果你爱他人，你就会得到他人的爱。作让步状语。如：Being at school or at home ，she is a good girl.不管在学校还是在家，她都是个好姑娘。Talking or acting ，he is very honest.无论说话还是做事，他都很诚实。作方式状语。如：He went there riding his bike .他骑自行车去的那里。They make money selling fruits .他们靠卖水果挣钱。作伴随状语

14、。如：He used to sit there thinking .过去他常坐在那里思考。He walked along the river singing in a low voice .他一边沿着河边走，一边低声唱着歌儿。作目的状语。作目的状语的动名词一般是表示所从事活动方面的动词，如：boating，climbing，fishing，hunting，riding，sailing，shopping，shooting，skating，skiing，swimming，walking，washing等。I often go shopping with mother on Sundays.星期天我

15、常跟妈妈一起去买东西。Will you please go skating with me this afternoon？今天下午和我一起去滑冰好吗？作程度状语。动名词作程度状语时，常用来修饰形容词或副词。如：He was caught in the heavy rain and got his clothes soaking wet.他淋了一场大雨，把衣服全部弄湿了。He wore his thin coat in freezing cold days and fell ill soon.他在冰冷的天还穿着单薄的大衣，不久就病倒了。作结果状语。如：He cut down the trees in front of his house，having its roof blown off by strong wind.他把房前的树给砍了，结果大风把房顶刮走了。He died，leaving his wife and children nothing but great debt.他死了，留给妻子和孩子的只有巨额的负债。学科网（北京）股份有限公司