中考英语总复习--介词.docx
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1、中考英语总复习代词-介词1. 表时间的介词 (1) at, in与on at时间的某一时刻,即“点” eg: at6oclock atnoon一刹那 eg: atthatmoment某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天) eg: attheChristmas attheSpringFestival某些习惯用法 eg: atnight atsupperin表示“在某一较长时间内”,如世纪、年、月、季、周等。eg: in the 21st century in 2015 in summer泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上 eg: in the afternoon in the evening某些固定搭配中 eg:
2、 in time in the futureon“某月某日”或“一周内某天” eg: on May 8th on Sunday具体(限定)的日子;节日的当天 eg: on Mothers Day在某个特定的早、中、晚 eg: on Monday evening on a cold night(2) in, after与before in与将来时连用表示“在之后”,后接时间段。eg: Hewillbebackintwodays. after与将来时连用表示“在之后”,后接时间点 eg: Hellcomebackaftertwooclock与过去时连用表示“在之后”,后接时间段 eg: Hegot
3、backfromtheUSaftertwoweeks.before表示“在之前”. eg:Ihavetogotobedbefore10:00.(3) for, during与through for后接时间段,意为“(时间)长达” eg: Ihavelivedherefortenyears. during后接时间段,意为“在期间”,不用于现在完成时 eg:Mobilephonesshouldbekeptoffduringthemeeting. through表示“从开始到结束”,强调动作发生的全过程 eg: Itsveryhotthroughthewholesummerthisyear.(4)
4、by, until与till by “到的时候”;“当(某时候)到了” eg: Bythetimeyougethome,Iwillbeaway. 最迟不超过某一时刻/日期之前。 eg: HandinyourhomeworkbyMonday.until/till用于肯定句,意为“直到为止”,谓语动词必须用延续性动词eg: ImreallytiredbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.用于否定句,意为“直到才”,谓语动词用短暂性动词eg:Ididntleavetheclassroomuntil9oclock.(5) since与from since时间点,表
5、示“自从起(一直到现在)”,常用现在完成时态eg: Itsbeenthreeyearssincewelastsawourprimaryschoolclassmates.from表示“从.起”,常见固搭from.to.eg: Lunch is from 12:00 to 1:00. 2.表示空间、地点、方位的介词 (1)at, in, on与toat 表示“在(小地方)”或“在附近,旁边”。 eg: atthestation atParkStreetin表示“在(大地方)”或“在范围之内”。 eg:TaiwanliesinthesoutheastofChina.on表示“在(的平面)上” eg:
6、 onthedesk表示A地位于B地的外面且接壤 eg: HunanProvinceliesonthewestofJiangxiProvince.to 表示“在范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤eg: JapanliestotheeastofChina.(2) between与among between在中间,指两者之间。 eg:Thepayphoneisbetweenthepostofficeandthelibrary. among在中间,指三者或三者以上之间。eg:TheywalkedamongthecrowdinCitySquare.(3) above和belowabove指“在上方”,不强
7、调是否垂直,同below相对eg:Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.over指“在(垂直的)正上方”,与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触,同under相对eg:Bensdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindows.over表示“(覆盖)在上”。 eg: Hespreadthetableclothoverthetable.(4) across, through与over across “过;横过;穿过”,指从表面走过或从一边到另一边,常和walk,go等动词连用。eg: Shewalkedacrossthefield.through“穿过;通过(
8、洞、管道等);从的一端到另一端”,指从物体的内部通过。eg: Theballwentthroughthewindow.over“(表示方向)越过”,指从物体表面之上或空间之上通过、越过。eg: Hejumpedoverthehurdle.3. 表示方式、手段或工具的介词。by由,被(引出施动者),引导被动语态。 eg: Hewastoldtheplanbyhisclassmate.和交通相关的名词连用,表示交通方式。 eg: Imgoingtherebysea.用手段或方式,后接动名词 eg: Imakealivingbysellingflowers.with用(多指用工具、身体部位或某个器官
9、) eg: You can see it with your own eyes.in用(语言、工具) He made the speech in English.用于封闭型的交通工具前,名词前有限定词 He goes to work in a car.on用于开放型或者半开放型的交通工具前,名词前有限定词eg: My mother bought me a toy on the train.“以方式” ,用于手段或通讯方式eg: They talked on the phone last night. 4. 表示 “除了” 的介词 besides “除之外还有”,指在整体中加入一部分eg:The
10、rewillbefiveofusfordinnerbesidesJohn.except “除以外”,表示从所提到的人或事物中除去一部分eg:WeallstudyEnglishexcepther.But “除以外”,常用于nothingbut.结构eg:Thereisnothingbutabedintheroom.5. 其他常考介词about关于,对于 eg: Lastmonthweaskedourstudentsabouttheirfreetimeactivities.around环绕;在周围eg: Theearthgoesaroundthesun.against反对;违反;逆 against
11、 the law倚;碰;撞 The rain is beating against the window.behind 在后面eg: The bus station is across from the bank, behind the hotel.beyond 超出;除之外eg: The beauty of my town is beyond words.including 包含,包括eg: There are 10 people, including you.like像一样 eg: Im sure you know that this group was set up to help di
12、sabled people like me. 例如,比如 eg: She looks best in bright colors, like pink and red.near在附近;靠近;接近;临近。eg: Its a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake.opposite与相对;在对面eg: The bank is opposite to the supermarket.with有,具有 eg: Id like one bowl of mapo tofu with rice.和在一起 eg: I enjoy playing Chinese ches
13、s with my grandpa.without不,没有 eg: Children are not allowed to swim in the river without their parents.【知识汇总】1. in in this way用这种方式 in common共同的,共有的 in space在太空 in English用英语 in danger处于危险中 in general 一般而言 in trouble处于困境中 in line排成一行 in agreement同意 in person亲自 in doubt怀疑 in return 作为回报 in fact事实上 in
14、public公开;公众 in need在危难中 in order整齐;秩序井然 in short总之 in silence沉默 in style流行时尚 in surprise吃惊地 in time及时地 in total总共 in turn轮流 in a word总之 in a hurry匆忙;急忙 in ones opinion依某人看 in order to为了 in other words 换句话说 in the way妨碍挡道2. on短语 on time准时 on board在船(火车、飞机)上 on business出差 on duty值日 on fire着火,失火 on foo
15、t步行 on holiday度假 on purpose故意 on sale出售;降价出售 on show展出 on ones own独立地;独自 3. to短语 to ones surprise令某人吃惊的是 to be honest老实说 to start with首先;作为开始4. by短语 by accident偶然 by mistake错误地;无意中 by the way顺便说一下;顺便问一下 5.其他介词短语 after all毕竟;终究 as you know如你所知 according to根据 across from在对面 as for至于;关于 at last最后 becau
16、se of因为 for example例如 as a result结果 instead of代替,而不是 less than少于 more than多于 such as比如 thanks to幸亏 together with和一起 without doubt毫无疑问 at the beginning在开始时 all of a sudden 突然【巩固练习】1.On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel _ the window.A. by B. for C. with D. from【答案】A【解析】句意:在晴朗的日子里,我的奶奶经常在窗户旁边读
17、小说。by在旁边;通过方式;for为了,因为;with和一起;用;from来自,从。根据句意可知,这里考查短语by the window在窗户旁边,故应选A。2.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public _ 29th April. It will last over five months.A. at B. in C. on D. of【答案】C【解析】句意:2019年北京世博会于4月29日开幕。它将持续五个多月。考查介词辨析。表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at;泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in;若表示星期几或某一特
18、定的日期,则用 on;of表所属,不表时间。29th April 4月29日,是一个具体的日期,需用介词on;根据句意语法,可知选C。3.I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.-You shouldnt watch TV too much. Its bad _ your eyes.A. on B. in C. for D. with【答案】C【解析】句意:长途旅行后我想看一整天的电视。你不应该看电视太多。它对你的眼睛有害。考查介词辨析。be bad for有害于,固定短语;根据You shouldnt watch TV
19、too much.可知看电视太多对眼睛有害,故选C。4.The high speed train _ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.A. from B. among C. in D. between【答案】D【解析】句意:青岛到北京的高速列车现在开得更快了。乘坐火车只需要三个小时。A. from从起,来自;B. among在(其)中,之一;C. in在里;D. between在两者之间。betweenand,在两者之间,可以连接两个并列的成分,故答案为D。5
20、.The instructions tell us everything _ about how to make the model ship.A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in person【答案】C【解析】句意:说明书详细地告诉我们如何制做模型船。考查介词短语。A. by hand用手;B. by chance偶然;C. in detail详细地;D. in person亲自。根据语境关于如何制做模型船,可知说明书会“详细地”告诉我们;结合选项可知C选项符合题意,故答案选C。6.I enjoy talking with my classma
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