副词的用法 讲义 高考英语语法复习.docx

《副词的用法 讲义 高考英语语法复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《副词的用法 讲义 高考英语语法复习.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高考英语语法知识梳理-副词副词的形式 一、副词的构成一、副词的构成1.形容词+后缀-ly（1）直接加-ly。anxiously 焦虑地beautifully 美丽地briefly 简要地closely 紧密地commercially 商业上地 completely 完全地 consequently 结果 carefully 认真地 roughly 大约地differently 困难地especially 特别地；尤其 frankly 坦白地globally 全球地 wisely 聪明地 sincerely 真诚地greatly 非常honestly 诚实地 obviously 显然地reall

2、y 真正地 recently 最近 （2）以le结尾的形容词，先去掉e再加-ly。ably 精明能干地 comfortably 舒适地gently 温柔地miserably 悲惨地 terribly 可怕地 suitably 适当地possibly 可能地 simply 简单地（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾且读音为i的形容词，先变y为i再加-ly。angrily 气愤地busily 繁忙地easily 容易地happily 高兴地 noisily 喧闹地 luckily 幸运地heavily 沉重地healthily 健康地 【提示】 读音为a的形容词，直接加-ly构成副词。dry 干的dryl

3、y 干燥地 sly 狡猾的slyly 狡猾地 shy 害羞的shyly 害羞地（4）以ic结尾的形容词，加-ally。automatically 自动地basically 基本地comically 滑稽地 dramatically 戏剧性地economically 经济地 energetically 精力充沛地scientifically 科学地 systematically 有系统地 theoretically 理论上地副词的形式 二、易混副词二、易混副词1.形式相近意义不同的同根副词He threw the ball high into the air.他把球高高地抛向空中。（具体意义“高

4、高地”）They spoke highly of his behaviour.他们高度赞扬了他的行为。（抽象意义“高度地”）The dentist asked me to open wide.牙医要我张大嘴巴。（具体意义“张大地”）He is widely read.他博览群书。（抽象意义“广泛地”）The ship sank deep into the sea.船深深地沉入了海底。（具体意义“深深地”）He cares for her deeply.他深深地爱着她。（抽象意义“深深地”）2.形容词和副词的同形兼类词（1）“时间名词+ly”构成的词（2）形容词和副词的同形兼类词续表They h

5、ad an early breakfast.他们吃了一顿很早的早饭。（early adj. ）They had breakfast early.他们很早就吃了早饭。（early adv. ）They went taking a fast train.他们乘快车走的。（fast adj. ）Dont speak so fast.不要讲得那么快。（fast adv. ）He wants a straight answer to this question.他要一个直截了当的答案来回答这个问题。（straight adj. ）Tell me straight what you think.直截了当地

6、告诉我你的想法。（straight adv. ）副词的形式 三、副词的分类三、副词的分类1.时间副词（1）表示发生时间ago 以前before 以前early 早finally 最后immediately 立刻lately 近来presently 不久，目前recently 最近sometime 将来某时 soon 不久tomorrow 明天 tonight 今晚（2）表示时间顺序after 后来finally 最后 first 最先later 后来last 最后 next 其次second 其次 then 然后2.地点副词above 在上面across 越过away 离开backwards

7、向后downstairs 在楼下 everywhere 到处far 远 forward（s）向前here 在这里 home 在家inside 在里面near 近nowhere 无处out 在外面 off 离开 outside 在外面over 在上方 somewhere 某处 there 在那里 upstairs 在楼上3.程度副词absolutely 绝对地 almost 几乎awfully 相当completely 完全地enormously 非常地 entirely 全部地exactly 正确地extremely 极端地greatly 非常just 正是much 非常 nearly 几乎p

8、artly 部分地 perfectly 完美地 quite 十分地rather 相当scarcely 几乎不 slightly 稍微so 那么 thoroughly 彻底地4.方式副词actively 活跃地how 如何anyhow 无论如何badly 坏地calmly 平静地carefully 小心地distinctly 清晰地easily 容易地fast 快地gladly 高兴地 hard 困难地quickly 敏捷地quietly 静悄悄地 simply 只 wisely 聪明地wrongly 错误地5.否定副词barely 几乎不hardly 几乎不never 永不，决不not 不no

9、where 任何地方都不 rarely 很少地scarcely 几乎不 seldom 很少6.频度副词always 总是constantly 经常地continually 不断地forever 永远frequently 频繁地often 经常 occasionally 偶尔 rarely 很少地regularly 定期地 repeatedly 重复地sometimes 有时usually 通常7.疑问副词how 如何however 究竟如何 when 在什么时候whenever 究竟什么时候where 在哪里wherever 究竟在哪里why为什么8.关系副词where 的地方when 的时候

10、why 的原因【比较】The year when I was born is 1948.我出生那年是1948。（when关系副词）He asks me when I was born.他问我何时出生。（when疑问副词）9.连接副词（1）引导句子anyhow/anyway 不管怎样besides 况且however 不管怎样meanwhile 同时moreover 再者 otherwise 否则still 尽管如此then 然后therefore 因此though 然而 thus 因此（2）引导名词性从句when why where how10.句子副词frankly 坦率地honestly

11、诚实地clearly 清楚地obviously 明显地evidently 显然地generally 一般地 briefly 简略地fortunately 幸运地luckily 侥幸地unexpectedly 意外地naturally 自然地hopefully 有希望地副词的作用 一、副词的句法作用一、副词的句法作用1.作状语（1）修饰动词（包括不定式、动名词、分词等）Mary recovered slowly.玛丽复原得很慢。（slowly修饰动词recovered）He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼了。（upstairs修饰不定式to go）He was p

12、raised for having done the work wonderfully.他因工作出色而受表扬.（wonderfully修饰动名词having done）（2）修饰形容词The food is very delicious.食物很可口。（very修饰delicious）His grades are not good enough for a scholarship.他的成绩远未好到得奖学金。（enough 修饰good）（3）修饰副词He speaks English quite fluently.他讲英文十分流利。（quite修饰fluently）He spoke too qu

13、ickly for me to understand.他说得太快，我听不懂。（too修饰quickly）（4）修饰介词短语Our company is badly in need of new blood.我们公司急需新人。（badly修饰 in need of new blood）We are all against the plan.我们全部反对这个计划。（all 修饰against the plan）（5）修饰状语从句He left there soon after I arrived.我到后不久他就离开那里。（soon修饰状语从句）Only when he told me the ne

14、ws did I know what had happened.当他告诉我这个消息时我才知道发生了什么。（only修饰状语从句）（6）修饰全句actuallyapparentlycertainlyclearlydefinitelyevidentlyfortunately frankly honestly luckilyobviously perhapspossiblyprobablysurely undoubtedlyunexpectedlyHappily，he didnt die.幸亏他没死。Certainly，I will stand by you forever.当然，我会支持你到底。【

15、比较】Clearly he didnt say so.显然他没有这样说。（句子副词）He didnt say so clearly.他说得没有那么清楚。（方式副词）Frankly，you are wrong.说实在的，你错了。（句子副词）He spoke frankly about his past life.他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。（方式副词）2.作后置定语herethereabroadhomeabovebelowinoutoutdoorsup downupstairsdownstairs todaytomorrowyesterdayI had the good fortune to be

16、 chosen for a trip abroad.我真幸运，被选中出国旅行。（abroad修饰trip）Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed.她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。（yesterday 修饰speech）He turned the radio down so that he shouldnt disturb the old lady downstairs.为了不打扰楼下的老太太，他把收音机音量调低了。（downstairs 修饰lady）3.作表语herethereupdownawaynear

17、bybackinhomeahead upstairs downstairsoff through onoverShe is out.她出去了。He seems abroad.他好像出国了。Beauty is everywhere.美无处不在。【提示】 英语中用可作表语的副词主要是地点副词。4.作补足语Ask the children in.让孩子们都进来。（in作宾语补足语）Keep the fire on for a few minutes.让火持续几分钟。（on作宾语补足语）Im pleased to see you back.你回来我很高兴。（back作宾语补足语）The boy was

18、 seen upstairs.有人看见这个男孩在楼上。（upstairs作主语补足语）5.作介词宾语I havent seen him since then.从那时起我就没再见到他了。（then作since的宾语）The museum is very far from here.博物馆离这儿很远。（here作from的宾语）副词的作用 二、疑问副词、连接副词与关系副词的区别二、疑问副词、连接副词与关系副词的区别1.疑问副词引导特殊问句How is your grandmothers rheumatism？ 你奶奶的风湿病怎么样了？Where does she come from？ 她是哪儿人？

19、When can you come？ 你什么时候能来？Why was he so late？ 他为什么来得那么晚？2.连接副词（1）引导名词性从句When we arrive doesnt matter.我们什么时候到没有关系。（主语从句）He asks me when I was born.他问我何时出生。（宾语从句）Thats how I look at it.这是我的看法。（表语从句）Thats why I came round.这就是我来的原因。（表语从句）We have no idea at all where he has gone.我们根本不知道他去哪里了。（同位语从句）（2）构

20、成不定式短语Do you know how to start this machine？ 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？I cant decide where to go for my holidays.我定不下来去哪度假。Tell me when to use this construction.告诉我什么时候用这种结构。【提示】 why不能构成不定式短语。3.关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句We then moved to Paris，where we lived for 6 years.此后我们搬到巴黎，在那里住了6年。There came a day when the ra

21、in fell in torrents.有一天下起了倾盆大雨。The reason why he came is not very convincing.他来的理由不太有说服力。副词的作用 三、特殊副词的用法三、特殊副词的用法1.quite（1）quite修饰形容词What she said was quite true.她说的话完全属实。She is quite right.她完全正确。This is quite impossible.这是完全不可能的。（2）quite修饰介词短语Our meeting in London was quite by chance.我们在伦敦的会面颇为偶然。T

22、his saying is quite out of date.这种说法已经完全过时。（3）quite 修饰“数量”短语quite a lot 许多quite a time 很长一段时间quite an effort 很大努力quite a while 一段相当长的时间quite a few 相当多quite a little 相当多He has quite a bit of courage.他有相当大的勇气。There are quite a few illustrations in the book.书中有相当数量的插图。His show made quite a deep impress

23、ion on the audience.他的表演给观众留下了深刻的印象。（4）quite修饰动词We quite understand what you mean.我们完全理解你的意思。I quite enjoy practicing shadow boxing.我非常喜欢练习太极拳。（5）quite的位置You are going quite the wrong way.你完全走错路了。（定冠词之前）He is quite a clever boy.他是一个相当聪明的孩子。（不定冠词之前）He is a quite clever boy.(不定冠词之后)2.ever（1）用于一般疑问句，意为

24、“曾经”。Does she ever go out at night？ 她通常晚上外出吗？Have you ever been to Beijing？ 你曾去过北京吗？（2）用于否定句，意为“无论何时都不，至今不曾”。Nothing ever happens in the lonely village.在这个偏僻的小村子里，从未出过什么大事。We hardly ever go shopping there.我们几乎不去那里买东西。（3）用于条件句，意为“曾经、有机会”。If you ever come to Beijing，please let me know.如果有机会来北京，请告诉我。If

25、 you ever have any problems，please call me.你若有问题，请给我打电话。（4）与比较级连用，意为“以前、以往、任何时候”。It is raining hard than ever.雨下得比之前更大了。When she got the letter，she became angrier than ever.拿到信后，她比之前更生气了。（5）与最高级连用，意为“空前、有史以来、从来没有”。I think she is the best actress ever.我认为她是迄今为止最优秀的女演员。This is the biggest harvest ever

26、.这是前所未有的大丰收。【辨析】我从来没有读过这么好的书。【误】This is the best book that I have never read.【正】This is the best book that I have ever read.（6）与疑问词连用，加强语气，意为“到底、究竟”。How ever did I forget it？ 我怎么竟然把它忘了呢？Which ever do you want？ 你到底要哪一个？Who ever can it be？ 到底是谁呀？When ever did you lose it？ 你到底何时将它遗失的？Where ever did you

27、 see the panda？ 你到底在哪里看见那只熊猫的？（7）构成短语。as .as ever 和以前一样ever since 自从ever more 越发，越来越for ever （and ever）永远if ever 很少，难得than ever 比以前更Although she is old，she is as beautiful as ever.她虽年纪大了，但风韵依旧。She has known me ever since she was a girl.她从孩提时候起，就认识我。3.after all（1）表示结果与预想的不同，常用于句尾，意为“结果，终究”。Im so sorry，I cant come，after all.对不起，结果我还是不能来。He turned up after all.他终究露面了。（2）导出原因，常用于句首，意为“毕竟，究竟”。After all，shes a big girl now.毕竟，她现在是大姑娘了。Its not surprising youre tired.After all，you were up until three last night！你累了不稀奇。毕竟，你昨晚三点才睡觉。学科网（北京）股份有限公司