中粮全国总培训.ppt

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1、中粮全国总培训中粮全国总培训内容概述 Table of Contents1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties 2.葡萄酒的起源 Origins of Wine3.葡萄酒的酿造 Vinification4.红白葡萄品种 Red&White Grapes5.新旧世界对比 New World VS Old World6.葡萄酒的品尝 Wine Taste7.葡萄酒与美食 Food Pairings8.葡萄酒的术语 Terminology什么是什么是什么是什么是葡萄酒葡萄酒 Whats WineWhats Wine葡萄酒就是100%经过发酵的葡萄汁Wine is 100%fermented

2、grape juice酿酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式制葡萄酒神奇的方程式制葡萄酒神奇的方程式制葡萄酒神奇的方程式The magic formula of Wine makingThe magic formula of Wine making这个神奇的方程式就是：糖+酵母=酒精+二氧化碳+化合物 The magic formula is:sugar+yeast=alcohol+co2+chemical compound1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按颜色分类按颜色分类 Classify by Color按酒内糖分按酒内糖分 Classify

3、 by Sugar按饮用方式按饮用方式 Classify by Food1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按颜色分类按颜色分类 Defined by color红葡萄酒红葡萄酒 ：带皮发酵带皮发酵 Red wine ：Fermented with skins and other solids白葡萄酒白葡萄酒 ：不带皮发酵不带皮发酵 White wine:Fermented without skin and solids桃红葡萄酒：桃红葡萄酒：红葡萄酒短期浸渍红葡萄酒短期浸渍 Rose wine:Maceration in short piriodRed wineWhite wine

4、Rose wineSparklingwineFortifiedwine1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按酒内糖分按酒内糖分 Defined by sugar干葡萄酒干葡萄酒 Dry 40g/L1.葡萄酒的种类 Wine Varieties按饮用方式按饮用方式 Defined by course开胃葡萄酒开胃葡萄酒 Aperitif Wine佐餐葡萄酒佐餐葡萄酒 Table Wine餐后葡萄酒餐后葡萄酒 Dessert Wine2.葡萄酒的起源 Origins of Wine外高加索地区 Transcaucasia 美索不达米亚 Mesopotamia腓尼基人 (1100 B.C.

5、开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）Phoenicians（Start to transport vines around Europe)埃及坟墓中的证据 Evidence in Egyptian tombs葡萄酒的简史 Wine History埃及人饮用葡萄酒成了埃及文化精髓的一部分，记录了葡萄酒年份和葡萄园，甚至在套管上课路了酿酒师的名字，在古埃及贵族坟墓里可以找到这些证据。最初只会饮用葡萄酒，后来学会在尼罗河三角洲种植葡萄酒The Egyptians drinking wine became a major part of the culture of Egyptian elite.Recorde

6、d vintages,vineyards,even winemaker names on their clay pots,some of which were placed in the tombs of the nobility.The Egyptians were wine drinkers first,but soon learned to grow grapes in the fertile Nile River delta葡萄酒的简史 Wine History埃及人和腓尼基人是闪族人的两大贸易合作伙伴Two groups with whom the Sumerians traded

7、were the Egyptians and the Phoenicians腓尼基人 (1100 B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）1100 B.C.商业社会，开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树 Phoenicians（Start to transport vines around Europe)1100 B.C.Mercantile society started to transport vines around Europe最出色的航海家。地中海盆地-北非-南欧-西不骆驼岩山,The finest sea travelers in their age.Mediterranean basin and

8、 established colonies in north Africa and in southern Europe as far as the Rock of Gibraltar.Wine drinkers go,vine goes too葡萄酒的简史 Wine History希腊人 Greeks 日常健康饮料 social beverage 殖民欧洲.带葡萄树回家.贡献：将新葡萄酒品种核心技术引进法国南部，西班牙，最重要的是意大利 Colonizes Europe.Brought vines to permanent home.Contribution:spread vine,brou

9、ght new grapes and new techniques to southern France,Spain,and perhaps most importantly,to southern Italy.葡萄酒的简史 Wine History罗马人对整个欧洲影响深远，用手稿记录了葡萄栽培和酿造，了解土壤，坡度和葡萄园方位的重要性，提高酿酒技术，发展欧洲贸易。对欧洲葡萄区重要贡献，包括：法国勃艮第，波尔多，香槟，阿尔萨斯，隆和谷，卢瓦尔谷，德国莱茵高，奥地利多瑙河流域等。It is difficult to overstate the importance of the Romans f

10、or the development of wine culture in Europe.The Romans produced manuals describing grape growing and winemaking,understood the importance of soil,slope and vienyard aspect,and developed a pan-Europe wine trade葡萄酒的简史 Wine History公元前5世纪（476）完全崩溃。黑暗年代到来，疾病肆虐。频繁入侵。基督教修道士推动欧洲从黑暗时代迈入中世纪时代The vast and swe

11、eping culture of Romans began its deadline by roughly the forth century and was in full collapse by fifth(476CE).Dark Ages coming with disease and foreign invasion.The Christian monasteries spread Europe after the fall of Roman Empire,helped to drag Europe out pf the Dark Ages and into Middle Ages葡萄

12、酒的简史 Wine History葡萄酒与罗马天主教会的联系 Wine links to the Roman Catholic Church .宗教典礼上的必需品,奢侈享乐用途 Essential to religious rituals .Luxury and comfort本笃会的修士 Benedictine .酿造高品质的葡萄 produced top quality wine .做详细记 kept detailed record西多会修士 Cistercian .建立许多优秀的葡萄园 Founded many great vineyards 葡萄酒的简史 Wine History15世

13、纪，人们意识改变，非宗教内容引入葡萄酒业，渴望探索欧洲之外的世界。European consciousness began to change by the 15th century and an increasingly secular element entered into the wine industry.Started a desire to explore the world beyond Europe.新世界大门敞开，修道院葡萄园繁荣，商人在港口城市设立店铺为欧洲和美洲提供葡萄酒。The opening of the new world brought opportunitie

14、s for viticulture,and significant wine industries were soon developed around new population centers in North and South America。Traders set up shop in port cities to satisfy European and American demand for foreign productors葡萄酒的简史 Wine History19世纪末 Late 1800s疾病和虫害侵蚀整个欧洲，几乎毁掉所有的葡萄Widespread disease a

15、nd pest damage in Europe20世纪初 Early 20th century出台了葡萄酒法律，以防止造价和保证产品的真实性Wine laws created to prevent fraud and guarantee authenticity20世纪末 late 20th century技术发展迅速Vast improvements in technology葡萄酒的简史 Wine History直到今天，法国 France 1855&1943-12-08 把葡萄酒做成文化 Nowadays,developed wine culture意大利 Italy 全民皆酒 eve

16、ryone drinks wine澳大利亚 Australia中国 China 新世界国家 New world country 自然条件自然条件 natural natural +天气 weather =微气候 unique climate+土壤 soil=“风土土”terrior酿酿造技造技术术 vinificationvinification选择葡萄品种 grape types(最适合“风土”)terrior酿造工艺 vinification -种植 growing -发酵 fermentation -陈酿 aging -调配 blending地理环境 geographic3.葡萄酒的酿造

17、 Wine Vinification“Terrior”这是一个法语词，它的含义广泛，包括葡萄种植区域的传统，气候，土壤，湿度，光照时间，以及酿酒师的技艺等方面。我们把它概括翻译成“风土条件”。正是这个特定的“风土条件”使得每个葡萄种植区域都富有自己的特色。“Terrior”is a French term of wine industry.It embraces several meanings including the tradition,climate,soil,humidity,sunshine and all the elements like these making a wine

18、-making region unique to the other ones all over the world.At its core is the assumption that the land from which the grapes are grown imparts a unique quality that is specific to that region.3.葡萄酒的酿造 Wine Vinification白葡萄酒酿制过程Fouloirs rouleaux整串葡萄整串葡萄 Whole grapes压榨榨 press泵 pumpPompe泵 pump白葡萄白葡萄 whi

19、te grspes澄清容澄清容 器器 Racking tank固体固体杂质沉淀沉淀Deposit ofsolids发酵罐酵罐 Fermentation tank温度控制温度控制 temp control18-20C温控温控发酵酵 Temperature control葡萄汁流出葡萄汁流出 draining榨汁机榨汁机 crushing添加二氧化硫添加二氧化硫Addition of sulphurdioxide红葡萄酒酿制过程红葡萄葡萄Red grapes去梗去梗DestemmingStems removed滚筒筒榨汁机榨汁机Rollercrusher添加二氧化硫添加二氧化硫Addition s

20、ulphur dioxide泵发酵容器酵容器Fermentation vat葡萄皮和籽的混合物葡萄皮和籽的混合物 30C Must at 30Pump降温液体降温液体Cooling liquid降温液体降温液体Cooling liquid凉水凉水 cold water降温降温过程程 cooling葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至25CMust cooled to 25CRemontage榨渣榨渣marc葡萄皮和籽的混合物葡萄皮和籽的混合物 must葡萄榨渣的抽取葡萄榨渣的抽取Spraying ofthe marc cap4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesChard

21、onnayChardonnay葡萄特征葡萄特征 Features of grape 果粒大，果粒大，黄色，黄色，边缘棕色斑点边缘棕色斑点 Large yellow berries with brown spots产量中高产量中高 Naturally medium-high yields 4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesChardonnay Chardonnay 著名产区著名产区 Notable region勃艮第：风格多样，夏布力,莫尔索，布衣复赛,Burgundy,wide range of styles,Chablis,Meursault,Pouilly-Fuisse香槟产

22、区（气泡酒）Champagne （sparkling wine)加州：浓郁，橡木风味 California:rich,oaky style澳大利亚：热带水果，橡木风味 Australia:tropical flavors,oaky4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesChardonnay Chardonnay 口感口感 Palate中等酸度 Medium acidity中-高酒精度 Moderate to high alcohol中-重酒体 Medium to full-body极少酿甜酒 Rarely produced in sweet style4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Va

23、rietiesSauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Blanc 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征 Features of grape中等大小果粒 Medium-sized berries高酸，特别茂盛 High natural acidity.Particularly vigorous 4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesSauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Blanc 口感口感 Palate高酸度 High acidity中等酒精度 Moderate alcohol中轻酒体 Light to medium body A bunch

24、 of Riesling grapes after the onset of noble rot.The difference in colour between affected and unaffected grapes is clearly visible botryis干型和甜型 Dry and sweet styles4.常见葡萄品种 Grape VarietiesRiesling Riesling 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征葡萄特征 Features of grapes果粒小，果粒小，紧凑紧凑 Compact clusters of small berr

25、ies萌芽早，萌芽早，晚熟晚熟 Early budding,late growing4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties其他常见白葡萄品种：其他常见白葡萄品种：Other white grapes varieties 麝香：非加强型(芦笋，细腻白肉），加强型(奶油奶酪，冰激凌，水果挞馅饼）Muscat:non-fortified wine(asparagus,delicate white meats),fortified style(creamy cheese,ice cream,fruit tarts)灰皮诺：梨，香料，苹果，花香，柑橘味，配合烤白肉，鹅肉，鸡肝酱，浓郁的奶酪 P

26、inot gris:pear,spice,apple,flora,citrus,pairings with roasted white meats,goose,chicken liver pate,strong cheese 4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties其他常见白葡萄品种其他常见白葡萄品种：Other white grapes varieties 白诗南：甘草，苹果，湿羊毛，花香，搭配山羊奶酪，法式酱和烩牛肉，苹果派 Chenin Blanc:hay,apple,wet wool,floral,pairings with goats cheese,pates and ter

27、rines,apple pie.白葡萄品种间的对比Differences among the White GrapesRegion of origin产地产地Color 色泽色泽Fruitiness 水果味水果味Body 酒体酒体Dryness口感口感“干干”Aroma 香味香味霞多丽霞多丽ChardonnayEast France 法国中部，法国中部，东部东部Green Apple,Pineapple,Lemon 青苹果，菠萝，柠檬的青苹果，菠萝，柠檬的香味香味长相思长相思Sauvignon BlancSouth,France 法国南部法国南部Leafy,Grass,“Earthy”flav

28、or 叶子，青草叶，有如叶子，青草叶，有如“尘土尘土”的气息的气息雷司令雷司令 RieslingGermany 德国德国Flower,Honey鲜花和蜂蜜的味道鲜花和蜂蜜的味道4.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties3.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Sauvignon 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征 Features of grapes果串长且松散 Loose and long bunches果皮厚，籽大 Thick skin,large pips萌芽晚，晚熟，产量低 Late buddin

29、g,late ripens,low yields3.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Pinot Noir Pinot Noir 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征 Features of grapes果串紧凑，皮较薄 Compact bunches,relatively thin-skinned萌芽早，早熟 Early budding,early ripens中等产量 Moderate yields3.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Pinot Noir Pinot Noir 口感口感 Palate中-高酸度 Medium to high aci

30、dity中低单宁 Low to medium tannins中轻酒体 Light to medium body中等酒精度 Medium alcohol3.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Merlot Merlot 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance果粒大，果串松散 Large berries,loose bunches果皮薄，萌芽早，早熟 Thin skin,early budding,early ripens产量比赤霞珠高 Higher yielding than cabernet sauvignon3.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties Shiras S

31、hiras 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance中等大小果粒，果串紧凑 Medium sized berries,tight bunches萌芽晚，早熟 Late budding,early ripens中等产量 Moderate yields3.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties其他常见红葡萄品种：其他常见红葡萄品种：Other red grapes varieties 品丽珠：中深宝石红，中等口感，香料，覆盆子，巧克力牛奶味，适合烤肉，胡椒酱牛排 Cabernet Franc:medium to deep ruby,medium palate,grilled meats

32、,steak with pepper sauce金粉带：中深紫色，宝石红，重酒体，高酒精，蓝莓，樱桃，黑色水果，红茶，适合不同口味（亚洲料理，烤野味，黑巧克力）Zinfandel:medium to deep purple/ruby,very full body,high alcohol,pairings with spicy Asian food,grilled game,dark chocolate3.常见葡萄品种 Grape Varieties 其他常见红葡萄品种：其他常见红葡萄品种：Other red grapes varieties 佳美：中等石榴红，低单宁，轻酒体，花香，糖果，泡泡

33、堂，巧克力，搭配干香肠，火腿，鸡肝酱 Gamay:medium garnet,low tannins,light body,flowers,candy,bubblegum,chocolate,pairings with dried sausage,ham and chicken liver pates休息休息 休息一下吧休息一下吧Break TimeBordeaux wine is good!香槟酒知识1About Champagne 1香槟区最著名的产区是“兰斯山区”、“马恩河谷”和“白丘”。伯瑞（Pommery）香槟酒就产自兰斯地区。公元9世纪，法国很多国王在香槟区的兰斯(Reims)接受

34、加冕。庆典期间，权贵们喜欢喝当地出产的一种“清明透亮，新鲜淡雅并微微颤动”的葡萄酒。这种酒将各种葡萄酒进行勾兑，用软木塞密封后放进酒窖，第二年春天后瓶内酒色清澈，明亮诱人，打开酒瓶时会发出“砰”一声巨响，这就是“香槟酒”的由来。香槟酒（Champagne）只产于法国的香槟区（其它地区出产的同类酒称为“气泡酒”）。这里独特气候条件下种植的葡萄是酿造香槟酒的最佳品种。The most renowned areas for producing top grade champagnes are la Montagne de Reims,la valle de la Marne and la cte d

35、es Blancs.Pommery comes out of la Montagne de Reims.In the 9th century,many kings took the throne in Reims which was famous for her champagnes.During the celebration,the noble guests drank much a kind of locally produced wine that was“bright,fresh and flickering”.It was a mixture of various kinds of

36、 wines,which people sealed with a cork and put into the cellar.When spring came,the wine in the bottle became bright and fresh,and while the cork was removed,a sharp sound would come out,and that was how champagne came into being.Champagne comes only out of the wine areas in France(similar wines pro

37、duced in other places are called as“bubble wine”).The grapes in this place are cultivated under unique climates and are best for champagne making.42香槟酒知识2About Champagne 2香槟酒的酿造方法不同与其它葡萄酒。香槟独特的气泡来自酒瓶中的二次发酵。当葡萄酿成干白酒后，加入糖和酵母，随即装瓶，放在白垩岩地下酒窖缓慢发酵。完成发酵后的香槟还需在酒窖中培养一年后。香槟酒混合三种葡萄品种而成：白色的霞多丽、红色的黑比诺和莫尼野品诺。霞多丽比

38、例越高风味越清新爽口；黑比诺则为香槟注入严谨厚实的口感。The methods for making champagne are different from those for other types of wines.The bubbles of champagnes develop from the second fermentation happened in the bottles.After grapes are made into dry wine,sugar and yeast are added,and then comes the bottling process,afte

39、r which,the wine are put into the cement cellar where they will ferment gradually.The fermented champagne will stay in the cellar for over a year.Champagne is made from three kinds of grapes:the white Chardonnay,red Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier.The higher the proportion of Chardonnay,the brighter an

40、d fresher the taste;while Pinot Noir adds more weight and value to champagne.43香槟酒知识3About Champagne 3根据甜度，香槟酒分成5种：干型有干型有3 3种，最常见者含糖分在种，最常见者含糖分在1515克以下，叫克以下，叫“brutbrut”（法文中有（法文中有“原始粗犷原始粗犷”的意思）的意思）另外两种含糖另外两种含糖1212到到2020克（叫克（叫“特干型特干型”）和）和1717到到3535克（法文中叫克（法文中叫“secsec”，指），指）适合搭配甜点的适合搭配甜点的“半干型半干型”（demi-

41、secdemi-sec，3535到到5050克克)和和“甜型甜型”（douxdoux，5050克以上克以上)香槟香槟酒酒Champagnes fall down to 5 categories according to their sweetness.There are 3 dry types:brut(a French word meaning rude and rough)is the most common one containing sugar less than 15g;and the other two types contain sugar ranging from 12g t

42、o 20g(called“Super Dry”)and 17g to 35g(called“sec”in French).The champagnes that go well with desserts are demi-sec(35g to 50g sugar)and doux(more than 50g).44香槟酒知识4About Champagne 4无年份香槟酒混合不同年份基酒调配而成，属“Brut”类型，是主流香槟酒，占80%以上市场份额；对用特别好年份葡萄出产的香槟，会推出“年份香槟”，这种香槟不添加其它年份基酒，一般浓厚耐久存，适与搭配酱汁丰富的菜肴。“瑞皇家干型香槟”正是“

43、brut”品类中的高档酒。一些酒商还推出“豪华级”香槟，以展现极致品质，这些极品通常采用特殊年份基酒，在瓶中长久培养，比一般香槟的气泡来得细腻持久，香味浓郁丰富，口感均衡，圆润厚常，有长久余香。因价格高昂，一般专门用于特别庆典。“伯瑞路易丝精选特级干型香槟”正是这种豪华级香槟中的极品。A major type of champagne,non illsim,is a mixture of wines of different ages,it belongs to“Brut”type,taking up more than 80%market share;the champagnes made

44、from grapes of good years are called“Vintage Brut”,these types of champagnes do not mix with wines of different ages.They are thick and persevering,and go well with dishes dressed with soy sauce.“Swedish King Dry Champagne”is a top grade“brut”.Some wine makers also present“Luxurious”champagnes to sh

45、ow the superior quality.These products are often made from wines of particular ages,and are kept in bottles for long period of time.They have fine bubbles,rich fragrance,balanced tastes,round flavors and lingering sweet-smelling.As the prices are extremely high,they are only dedicated to special eve

46、nts.“Pommery Louis Superfine Dry Champagne”is a highest-grade product of the luxurious wines.45香槟酒知识5About Champagne 5好香槟标准：香气持久；气泡幼细如细砂、密度大、并能持续半小时到1小时；口感均衡复杂，层次感强，幼滑不酸涩。最佳饮用温度：香槟要冰凉饮用。非年份香槟在710之间，年份香槟在1012之间。大约放入冰箱两小时或放入一半冰一半水的冰桶三十分钟即可达到适饮温度。最佳储藏条件：无年份香槟已经过两、三年甚至更久的窖藏，上市就已适饮。香槟怕光，尤其是太阳光、霓虹灯或卤素灯，久照

47、容易产生怪味。家中如果没有控温酒窖，无年份香槟买回家后要直接放入冰箱，早日饮用。Standard for good champagne:lasting fragrance;bubbles are dense,fine and exquisite and can stay for half an hour to one hour;balanced taste,smooth and tender.Best temperature for consumption:best consumed while cool.Non illsim should be consumed at a temperatu

48、re of 710,and Vintage Brut should be consumed at a temperature of 1012.The temperature suitable for consumption can be reached after kept in fridge for two hours or in barrel with half ice and half water for 30 minutes.The best condition for storage:Non illsim has been staying in cellar for two to t

49、hree years or even longer,and can be consumed directly after purchase.Champagne should be kept in dark place far from sunlight,neon light and halogen light,long kept under which results in strange taste.If no temperature-controllable cellar is available,Non illsim should be kept in fridge after purc

50、hase and should be consumed early.46香槟饮用方法How to appreciate champagne 开瓶：去掉瓶口上的金属封套，旋松转紧的铁丝，去掉铁丝与金属帽，一手握紧软木塞，另一手旋转瓶身，借瓶中二氧化碳压力软木塞会自然弹开。为了不让气泡喷出，开瓶时要压紧软木塞，让气体慢慢放出，不发出“啵”的声音。酒杯：最好用直身杯和敞口杯，这种酒杯杯身纤长，可以延长酒中气泡上升时间，并且气泡从杯底升腾的线条更长。饮用：轻轻晃动酒杯，在香槟触摸舌尖前与空气充分接触；观看杯中香槟气泡上升，嗅闻迷人而变化多端的酒香。不同品牌和年代的香槟口感不同，或浓或淡，或香气浓郁，充