新视野大学英语第4册PPT课件4-7.ppt

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1、新视野大学英语第新视野大学英语第4册册PPT课件课件4-7Stage1:Warming-upActivitiesStage1:Warming-upActivities Stage2:Stage2:Reading-CentredActivitiesReading-CentredActivities Stage3:After-ReadingActivitiesStage3:After-ReadingActivities Stage4:Listening-and-SpeakingStage4:Listening-and-SpeakingPracticePracticeWarming-upActivi

2、tiesGroupworkGroupwork QuestionsforthoughtanddiscussionQuestionsforthoughtanddiscussionBackgroundinformationBackgroundinformation EnrichingyourvocabularyEnrichingyourvocabularyComparingthefollowingwordsComparingthefollowingwordsGroupworkGooverthepreview,thepre-readingquestionsandthetitleofthetextbef

3、orelisteningtothesummaryofthestoryandanticipatewhatwearegoingtoread.Questionsforthoughtanddiscussion Listentoashortpassagecarefullyandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.BackgroundinformationLucaCavalli-Sforza:Cavalli-Sforza,borninGenoa,Italy,waseducatedattheUniversityofPaviawherehegainedhisMDin1944.Aft

4、erworkingonbacterialgeneticsatCambridge(19481950)andMilan(19501957)hehasheldchairsingeneticsatParma(19581962)andPavia(19621970).In1970hewasappointedprofessorofgeneticsattheUniversityofStanford,California,apositionhehelduntilhisretirementin1992.Cavalli-Sforzahasspecializedmainlyinthegeneticsofhumanpo

5、pulations,producingwithWalterBodmeracomprehensivesurveyofthesubjectintheirGenetics,EvolutionandMan(1976).Hehasalsodonemuchtoshowhowgeneticdatafrompresenthumanracialgroupscouldbeusedtoreconstructtheirpastseparations.Thisreconstruction,basedontheanalysisof58genes,yieldsabifurcatedevolutionarytreewithC

6、aucasianandAfricanracesinonebranchandOrientals,Oceanians,andAmerindsintheother.Columbus:ChristopherColumbus,anItalian-bornmasternavigator(borninGenoa,Italyin1451anddiedatValladolid,Spainin1506)whosailedintheserviceofSpain,iscommonlydescribedasthediscovereroftheNewWorldAmerica.Hisfourtransatlanticvoy

7、ages(14921493,14931496,14981500,and15021504)openedthewayforEuropeanexploration,exploitation,andcolonizationoftheAmericas.ColumbussrealgreatnessliesinthefactthathavingfoundtheWestIndiesmakingmajorerrorsinhisnavigationalcomputationsandlocationindoingsohewasabletofindhiswaybacktoEuropeandreturntotheInd

8、ies.ItisastheresultofColumbuss“discovery”thattheNewWorldbecamepartoftheEuropeanworld.humangeneticmap:Ourbodiesarecomprisedoftrillionsofmicroscopicunitscalledcells.Cellsinturnarebuiltupfrommanyspecifictypesofmolecules,bothlargeandsmall.Thelargemoleculesormacromoleculesincludepolysaccharides,nucleicac

9、idsandproteins.Proteinsaretheworkhorsesofourcells.Thereareabout40,000differenttypesofproteinsinourbodies.Eachproteinispresentinmany,manycopies.Anadult,forexample,carriesabout1021(abilliontrillion)hemoglobinmolecules.TheflowofgeneticinformationisfromDNAtoRNAtoProtein.Eachproteinisalinearpolymerofaspe

10、cificsequenceof20differentaminoacids.DNAisalsoalinearpolymercomprisedof4typesofnucleotides.ThesequenceofaminoacidsineachproteinisencodedbyasegmentofDNAcalledagene.Threeconsecutivenucleotidesinageneencodeasingleaminoacidinthecorrespondingprotein.Thegeneticcodeisuniversalamongalllivingthings.Khoisan:K

11、hoisanisthenamebywhichthelighterskinnedindigenouspeoplesofsouthernAfrica,theKhoi(Hottentots)andtheSan(Bushmen)areknown.ThesepeopleweretheearliestinhabitantsofAfricaanddominatedthesub-continentformillenniabeforetheappearanceoftheNguniandotherblackpeoples.Therewereprobablyabout120,000livinginSouthAfri

12、caaround1500.Basques:TheBasquesareapeoplewholiveinasmallregion(aboutthesizeofRhodeIslandintheUnitedStates)thatstraddlestheborderofSpainandFrancefromtheseainthewestintothePyreneesintheeast.ThisareaiscalledEuskalHerria(comprisingsevenprovinces,historically:Araba,Bizkaia,Gipuzkoa,andNavarraontheSpanish

13、side;Laburdi,Zuberoa,andBehe-NafarroaontheFrenchside).Thereareabout660,000,accordingtothe1991census.Fewerthan80,000oftheseareontheFrenchsideofthefrontierwhichrunsthroughtheBasqueCountry,therestontheSpanishside.Basquesspeakalanguagecalledeuskara,buttodayonlyabout25%ofthepopulationisfluentinthattongue

14、.Evenso,thewordforaBasqueperson,euskaldun,means“possessoroftheBasquelanguage”.TheBasquepopulationisdistinguishedphysicallybyahighincidenceofRhNegativefactorintheblood.NooneknowsexactlywheretheBasquescamefrom.SomesaytheyhavelivedinthatareasinceCro-MagnonmanfirstroamedEurope.Estimatesofhowlongtheyhave

15、livedtherevaryfrom10,000to75,000years.SomesaytheyaredescendedfromtheoriginalIberians.Morefancifultheoriesexist,aswell.OneisthattheBasquesarethedescendentsofthesurvivorsofAtlantis.EnrichingyourvocabularyReadthesentencescarefullyandguessthemeaningoftheitalicizedtermineachsentenceaccordingtothecontexta

16、ndyourownexperiences.Thereisafeelingofourownsuperiorityandourpridethatlieattherootofourresponsetothem.Wehavearguedthatthebroadcastingwas biased towardstherightwingandthegovernmentoftoday.To date,researchontheapplicationofthegeneticmapisverylimited.优越性优越性对对有偏见有偏见至今至今Itwasnotpossibletochangedirections

17、uddenly,yetthedamagetoeducationwasobviousascampusessometimesresembledmarket-placesratherthaninstitutionsofhigherlearning.Whatshesawwasthefaceofastrangerwhoresembledher:mouthpulledoutofshape,skinwhite,hairwithoutcolor.Paulsfeaturesboreastrongresemblancetohisfathers.TheLondonofthe1990sbearslittleresem

18、blancetotheLondonofmyyouth.Whatwasneededwas nothing less thananewindustrialrevolutionandathrivingmarket.Yourenothinglessthanamurderer!Thesettingupofthisplantinthreemonthsisnothinglessthanamiracle.Thepresenttrendisnothinglessthanalarming.就是就是简直是简直是简直就是简直就是确实确实Hisremarksshouldhaveserved asanencouragem

19、enttotheauthoritiestodevelopthisimportantaspectofcommunitycare.Criticismanddebatearetobewelcomedandshouldnotbe confined to academiccircles.As of today,wedonotbelievethatthedeclarationofanemergencystatewouldincreasetheflowofsupplies.视作视作局限于局限于从今天起从今天起In effect,theinfluenceofthisgovernmentwasgoingdown

20、gradually.Onlywhenyourapproachtogoodhealthcanbe adapted toallyourownrequirements,willyoureallysucceedinobtainingyourgoalsofhealthcare.Thenewtreatmentcanbeusedeitheraloneor in combination withthetraditionalone.事实上事实上适应适应与与结合结合Inaddition,theresearchisexpectedtoshed more light on thesocialconsequenceso

21、fcitieschangingeconomicroles.Wherevertheyarenow,blackpeopleare descended fromAfricans.更为清楚地说明更为清楚地说明是是的后裔的后裔HomeworkHomework Learnthenewwordsandexpressionsofthetextbyheart.Gooverthetextandtrytogetthemainideaofthetext.Analyzethestructureofthetext.Reading-CentredActivities 1.GlobalReadingTaskReadingSkills:Textstructureanalysis:2.DetailedReadingTask LanguagepointsSimulatedwritingSummaryofthetextAfter-ReadingActivitiesVocabularyExercises TranslatingandWriting Listeningandspeakingactivities Talkingaboutthetopicorretellingthetext ListeningandspeakingpracticeinXPcenter